I begin to sing of Pallas Athene, the glorious goddess, blue-eyed, inventive, unbending of heart, pure virgin, saviour of cities, courageous, Tritogeneia. From his awful head wise Zeus himself bore her arrayed in warlike arms of flashing gold, and awe seized all the gods as they gazed. But Athena sprang quickly from the immortal head and stood before Zeus who holds the aegis, shaking a sharp spear: great Olympus began to reel horribly at the might of the bright-eyed goddess, and earth round about cried fearfully, and the sea was moved and tossed with dark waves, while foam burst forth suddenly: the bright Son of Hyperion stopped his swift-footed horses a long while, until the maiden Pallas Athene had stripped the heavenly armour from her immortal shoulders. And wise Zeus was glad.
Homeric Hymn XXVIII.
The Proto-Uralic worldview according to Vladimir Napolskikh (1992).
Deciduous trees were seen as mediators between the middle world and the upper world, whereas coniferous trees were mediators between the middle world and the lower world. Even today sacrificial offerings are given under deciduous trees among the Finno-Ugric peoples, such as the Mari.
In the upper world there is a spring that feeds the world stream, and a lake or ocean of life, from where all human life originates and where migratory waterfowl spend the winter. The Goddess of life, the consort of the Creator God, decides over births and rebirths. She also sends the waterfowl along the Milky Way ("bird's track" in Finnish) to the middle world.
The world stream runs down to the lower world, where illnesses and all kinds of harmful things reside. This realm is guarded by the hound of the underworld, and in later times he became the helper of sages.
In the middle world there was no single supreme deity, but a host of lesser ones.
Transl.: A new reconstruction of a woman of the Fatyanovo culture. The Fatyanovo culture is ancestral to the Indo-Iranians (Aryans), who conquered India and Iran, lived on the territory of modern Russia and were genetically close to modern northern Europeans.
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The summary of this is that Blondism arose on the Mammoth Steppes of Eurasia (probably northern Siberia AKA Hyperborea), and came to Indo-Europeans via their considerable Ancient North Eurasian ancestry.
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"One historical curiosity is some nineteenth-century attempts to relate the word for bear, *h₂ŕ̥tḱos with that for 'white', *h₂ŕ̥ĝ (only possible with some non-discriminatory nineteenth-century reconstructions) and postulate an original PIE *'white (bear)'. This was one of a number of extraordinary arguments for the theory of a polar origin for the Indo-Europeans which here required the reconstruction of *'polar bear (Thalarctos maritimus)'."
D. Q. Adams, J. P. Mallory (1997)
Comparative Religion..
The Ainu creation myth shows similarity to Indo-European & Uralic.
According to folklore, the first being, or the first Kamuy, created the world. The ancestor of man is sometimes said to be a bear, similar to how *Yemo- (Norse "Ymir", Rigvedic "Yama") in the Indo-European creation myth, is a giant.
In Finnish mythology, the bear (Finnish "karhu") was seen as the embodiment of the forefathers, whom they knew by epithets such as mesikämmen, "mead-paw". And in the Indo-European linguistic tradition, bears were revered which can be inferred by the practice of substituting the original word for the beast, *h₂ŕ̥tḱos, with epithets such as *berô (Germanic, "the brown one") and *medvě̀dь (Slavic, "honey-eater").
These tentatively inferred similarities may suggest a very ancient relation.
Anthropology: Ainu individual with a particularly dominant European phenotype.
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On the Ainu People...
Ainu folk are an ethnic group indigenous to the Japanese archipelago, whose historical basis dates back at least 16,500 years.
They are first attested in the archaeological record during the Incipient Jōmon period (14,500 – 8,000 BCE). The word Jōmon is a Japanese translation of "cord-marked", in reference to their pottery style which exhibited cord marks not dissimilar to the Indo-European Corded Ware Culture of Northern Europe.
The Ainu were displaced through ethnocide and miscegenation when Japonic speakers invaded the archipelago c. 900 – 300 BCE, pushing them to the northern extremity of Japan.
Gentleman is, obviously, another derived term.
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The Latin intermediary term, Gens, meant a tribe, or a clan.
Image: Six Germanic Tribes by Cornelis Visscher. (1650)
In modern parlance, gentile is almost exclusively understood to refer to non-Jews.
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Caesar Augustus (b. Gaius Octavius), Roman Emperor for 41 years.
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Emperor Augustus: Son of Apollo | Atia [Augustus’ mother], with certain married women friends, once attended a solemn midnight service at the temple of Apollo, where she had her litter set down and presently fell asleep, as the others also did. Suddenly a serpent crept in to her and after a while glided away again. On awakening, she purified herself as if after sleeping with her husband. An irremovable coloured mark in the shape of a serpent, which then appeared on her body, made her ashamed to visit public baths any more, and the fact that Augustus was born nine months later suggested he was the son of Apollo. Before she gave birth … Augustus’ father [ie, Atia’s husband] Octavius dreamed that the sun rose from her womb.
Suetonius, Divus Augustus (121 CE)
The Eastern Corded Ware also expanded back into Europe where they replaced the Yamnaya derived Catacomb culture. The Srubnaya were probably Proto-Iranian or early Iranian speakers who were based in Ukraine and western Russia from 1850–1450 BC. Descended from the Eastern Corded Ware they replaced the Yamnaya decedent cultures of the Pontic steppe. I based his face on a real Srubnaya skull and took clothing inspiration from Srubnaya pottery designs and Scythian clothing. Hair and eye color is an educated guess since I do not know the phenotype data of the individual but selection for lighter hair and eyes was increasing in Eastern Corded Ware groups especially in the Sintashta and Andronovo cultures. There is a bearded and non bearded version so you can see his face shape. The map is by Krakkos with modifications by myself. Original map: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srubnaya_culture#/media/File%3ASrubnaya_culture.jpg
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Chronology of Nordic Bronze Age boat images on bronzes (like razors and stuff) and on rocks.
You can see the development of the styles and increasing artistic sophistication over time.
Also perhaps increasingly elaborate boat development in those great curving prows and sterns.
Dates on the left are BC.
Horizontal divisions and numerals refer to the subdivisions of the Nordic Bronze Age chronology.
By Flemming Kaul 1998.
Bust of Jupiter.
Roman period, A.D. 1st - 2nd century, after a Greek model of the 2nd half of the 4th century B.C.
Новая реконструкция женщины Фатьяновской культуры. Фатьяновская культура - предковая для индоиранцев (ариев), которые захватили Индию и Иран, жили на территории современной России и были генетически близки современным северным европейцам.
#ODAL_антропология
The derived allele of the KITLG SNP rs12821256 that is associated with – and likely causal for – blond hair in Europeans [4,5] is present in one hunter-gatherer from each of Samara, Motala and Ukraine (I0124, I0014 and I1763), as well as several later individuals with Steppe ancestry. Since the allele is found in populations with EHG but not WHG ancestry, it suggests that its origin is in the Ancient North Eurasian (ANE) population. Consistent with this, we observe that earliest known individual with the derived allele is the [Siberian] ANE individual Afontova Gora 3 which is directly dated to 16130-15749 cal BCE (14710±60 BP, MAMS-27186: a previously unpublished date that we newly report here). — Mathieson et al. (2017)
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Theory..
We posit that the Ainu have considerable genetic crossover with both Europeans and Finno-Ugric peoples, having once been a part of ancient hunter gatherer cultures on the mammoth steppes which heavily contributed to both Proto-Indo-European and Proto-Uralic ethnogenesis.
This is evidenced by their likely origin based upon DNA evidence, the similarity in pottery between Jōmon & later Indo-European pottery styles, their expression of European phenotypes and the comparative similarities between the abovementioned aspects of their religious tradition.
@Aryologia Admins ✨
However, a range of phenotypes along the European-East Asian cline may be observed.
Ainu men predominantly harbour Y-haplogroups D-M55(D1a2) and C-M217. Both of these groups originate on the mammoth steppes of northern Eurasia, which was home to the Ancient North Eurasians (ANEs). This latter group's genetic signature appears strongly in Indo-Europeans, Uralic peoples and, to a lesser extent, Native Americans.
*méldneh₂ (MIE *méldnā) - оружие Громовержца
— Кельтское *meldo- (галл. Meldos, эпитет громовержца Лукетия, валл. mellt «молния, удар грома», брет. mell «молот»)
— латинское malleus «большой молот», «кувалда»
— хеттское malatt «молот», «дробящее оружие»
— скандинавское Mjöllnir (молот громовержца Тора)
— балтское mildnā (прусс. mealde «молния, удар грома», латыш. milna «булава громовержца Перконса»)
(когнаты приведены по «Encyclopaedia of Indo-European Culture» под ред. Дж.П. Мэллори и Д.К. Адамса.)
The derived term genteel can variously mean; polite, refined, well-mannered, stylish, elegant, aristocratic, and generally honourable.
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This bronze figurine fitting was found in 1865 at Frøyhov in Norway, a place name indicating a cult of Freyr. The object dates to 160-190 AD and has an elder Futhark runic inscription which is one of the oldest ever found. It may have been fitted to a sword.
It is sometimes translated as a name, 'Inga(n)da', which features the other name of the god Freyr "Ing". Germanic *ing seems best to be etymologised as a reflex of PIE *h2neḱ-/h2nenḱ- ‘reach, attain’ and the Frøyhov form may either be a maker’s inscription or a theonym, and the figurine itself is likely to be an image of InguiFreyr
Genteel, Gentile, Gentilis
These words all ultimately derive from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tis (birth, production). During the early period of Christianity, the Latin gentilis and gentes were used by biblical scholars to translate the Greek ἔθνος (ethnos; "nation, a people") and the Biblical Hebrew גּוֹי (goy; "a non-Israelite nation").
It was used by Christians to refer to non-Christians before the split from Judaism.
The Romans carried out their household rites in the lararium, a little sacred space within the house dedicated to the protector deities of the hearth and the family.
Lares, Penates and Genii were worshipped in the lararium; the rites were generally performed by the head of the household (pater familias) for the benefit of the family nucleus, the property and activities in general.
(Image: Lararium dated to the first century in the House of the Vettii, Pompeii)
@collispalatinus
The Proto-Italics/Early Romans brought cremation to the Italian peninsula: /channel/Aryologia/1894
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