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Vocabulary - Advanced vs. Basic:
➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖
1. Alleviate - Ease, Relieve
2. Bizarre - Strange, Weird
3. Conscientious – Careful, Responsible
4. Dazzling – Bright, Stunning
5. Eloquent – Expressive, Fluent
6. Feasible – Possible, Doable
7. Gregarious – Sociable, Friendly
8. Humble - Modest, Simple
9. Ingenious – Clever, Creative
10. Jovial - Cheerful, Happy
11. Lethargic – Lazy, Tired
12. Meticulous – Careful, Detailed
13. Nefarious – Evil, Wicked
14. Optimistic – Hopeful, Positive
15. Serene - Calm, Peaceful
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Each vs. Every Exercise
===================
Fill in the blanks with each or every.
1. She kissed ............................ child on the forehead.
each
every
Either could be used here
2. ........................ time I see you, you look younger.
Each
Every
Either could be used here
3. There are shops on ........................... side of the road.
each
every
Either could be used here
4. Read ............................ question carefully.
each
every
Either could be used here
5. I got ............................ answer correct.
each
every
Either could be used here
6. Tina has got lots of dresses. ............................. one is a different color.
Each
Every
Either could be used here
7. She comes here .............................. day.
every
each
Either could be used here
8. I visit my parents .......................... week.
each
every
Either could be used here
9. If I had a lot of money, I would visit ........................... country in the world.
each
every
Either could be used here
10. In cricket, .......................... team has eleven players.
each
every
Either could be used here
11. Write on ......................... side of the page.
each
every
Either could be used here
12. I reply to ............................ email I receive.
each
every
Either could be used here
===================
🟢 Answers 🟢
1. She kissed each / every child on the forehead.
2. Each / Every time I see you, you look younger.
3. There are shops on each side of the road.
4. Read each question carefully.
5. I got every answer correct.
6. Tina has got lots of dresses. Each / Every one is a different color.
7. She comes here every day.
8. I visit my parents every week.
9. If I had a lot of money, I would visit every country in the world.
10. In cricket, each team has eleven players.
11. Write on each side of the page.
12. I reply to every email I receive.
🌸🌸🌸🌸🌸🌸
SV RAMANUJ
For, Since, In, When, How Long
==========================
Fill in the blanks with an appropriate time expression or verb.
1. She has been working here ....................... five years.
for
since
when
2. I haven't seen him ........................... January.
for
since
when
3. I haven't had a holiday ........................... years.
Please select 2 correct answers
since
for
in
4. My parents have lived here ............................... their life.
all
for all
since all
5. .............................. have you been waiting?
Since
When
How long
6. .......................... did you first meet him?
When
Since when
How long
7. .......................... have you known him?
When
How long
For
8. It ......................... two years since I last saw him.
is
has been
Either could be used here
9. It .......................... ages since I went to the cinema.
is
has been
Either could be used here
10. How long ........................... since she died?
is it
has it been
Either could be used here
11. .............................. have you been learning English?
Since
When
How long
12. ............................ have you been married to him?
How long
Since
When
===================
🟢 Answers 🟢
1. She has been working here for five years.
2. I haven’t seen him since January.
3. I haven’t had a holiday for / in years.
4. My parents have lived here all their life.
5. How long have you been waiting?
6. When did you first met him?
7. How long have you known him?
8. It is / has been two years since I last saw him.
9. It has been / is ages since I went to the cinema.
10. How long is it / has it been since she died?
11. How long have you been learning English?
12. How long have you been married to him?
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SV RAMANUJ
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9 idioms related to books and study
📓📔📒📕📗📘📙📒📕📗📘📙
📓1. Hit the Books:
🔹Meaning: To study hard.
🔸Examples:
"Finals are next week, so it's time to hit the books."
"I can't go out tonight, I have an important exam on Friday so I have to hit the books."
📔2. In Black and White:
🔹Meaning: Clear and straightforward; often referring to something written down as proof, officially in writing.
🔸Examples:
"The rules are in black and white, so there's no misunderstanding."
"Tina sees everything in black and white, ignoring the complexity of most situations."
📒3. Crack a Book:
🔹Meaning: To open and read a book, typically for studying. (Often used in the negative to mean not studying at all).
🔸Examples:
"Shailesh rarely ever cracked a book in high school, but he still was able to graduate."
"You had better crack the books if you want to have any chance of graduating this year."
📕4. Burn the Midnight Oil:
🔹Meaning: To study or work late into the night.
🔸Examples:
"During exam week, students often burn the midnight oil to cram for their tests."
"The team burned the midnight oil to finish the project before the client's deadline."
📗5. By the Book:
🔹Meaning: To follow the rules exactly.
🔸Examples:
"The police officer goes by the book, even in emergencies."
"During audits, we document changes by the book to avoid trouble."
📘6. Read Between the Lines:
🔹Meaning: To understand the hidden meaning or implied message that is not explicitly stated.
🔸Examples:
"Vidisha didn't say she was upset, but if you read between the lines, you can tell she's unhappy."
"Ramanuj gave a very diplomatic explanation, but reading between the lines, it seems like he was fired for political reasons."
📙7. Brush Up On:
🔹Meaning: To review or practice knowledge, usually something you learned in the past but have partly forgotten.
🔸Examples:
"I need to brush up on my English before the exam."
"Shailesh is going to Europe on business and so he has been brushing up on his French."
📒8. Brainstorm:
🔹Meaning: To think of ideas or solutions, often in a group setting.
🔸Examples:
"The students will brainstorm ideas for the school play."
"After brainstorming with my advisor, we came up with a method."
📕9. Hit the Nail on the Head:
🔹Meaning: To get something exactly right; to be accurately correct about a problem or situation.
🔸Examples:
"Priya hit the nail on the head when she said the project failed due to poor planning."
"Your analysis really hit the nail on the head."
📚📚📚📚📚📚
SV RAMANUJ
*TWO TWO TWO and TWO*
2️⃣2️⃣2️⃣2️⃣2️⃣2️⃣2️⃣
🟤Two — number equivalent to the sum of one and one; one less than three;
"two years ago"
🟣second — constituting number two in a sequence; coming after the first in time or order;
"he married for a second time"
🟤double — adjective: consisting of two equal, identical, or similar parts or things.
"double doors"
🟣twice — adverb: two times; on two occasions.
"the earl married twice"
🟤twofold — adjective: (two-fold) twice as great or as numerous.
"a twofold increase in the risk"
🟣duo — a pair of people or things, especially in music or entertainment.
"the comedy duo Laurel and Hardy"
🟤pair — a set of two things used together or regarded as a unit.
"a pair of gloves"
🟣Twosome — a group of two persons or things
"those sisters are a constant twosome, going everywhere together"
🟤Couple — two people or things of the same sort considered together.
"a couple of girls were playing marbles"
🟣dual — consisting of two parts, elements, or aspects.
"their dual role at work and home"
🟤two-faced — adjective insincere and deceitful.
"I soon learned that he was two-faced"
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SV RAMANUJ
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*Spotting Errors*
🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁
❌Some genuine issues exist with the newly developed system and needs to be examined seriously.
✔️Some genuine issues exist with the newly developed system and *need* to be examined seriously.
🔰🔰🔰🔰
❌The chief of Montfort School is very strict, all the students are scared of him.
✔️The chief of Montfort School is very strict, *so* all the students are scared of him.
🔰🔰🔰🔰
❌It being a rainy day, Shailesh decided to stay and worked further on the problem.
✔️ It being a rainy day, Shailesh decided to stay and *work* further on the problem.
🔰🔰🔰🔰
❌She has been thinking to visit them but their house is too far away.
✔️ She has been thinking *of visiting* them but their house is too far away.
🔰🔰🔰🔰
❌The country has secularism at its core and anything that violate it should not be permitted.
✔️ The country has secularism at its core and anything that *violates* it should not be permitted.
🔰🔰🔰🔰🔰🔰
SV RAMANUJ
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Five Words of the Day
=====================
💜1. corpulent (adjective) - Bulky of body; portly.
Synonyms: rotund, tubby, roly-poly, beefy
Usage: I queued up in line, next to a rather corpulent farmer's wife.
💜2. deadening (adjective) - making a feeling or a sound less painful or less strong.
Synonyms: boring, ho-hum, irksome, tedious, tiresome, wearisome, dull, slow
Usage: Repetition is considered to be deadening, boring, and thoughtless.
💜3. heinous (adjective) - very bad and shocking, extremely bad or evil.
Synonyms: flagitious, nefarious, abominable
Usage: Abusing an animal is a heinous act.
💜4. unavailing (adjective) - When an attempt to do something is unavailing, it is unsuccessful or has no positive effect.
Synonyms: futile, ineffectual, otiose, bootless
Usage: Diplomatic efforts at peace-making have so far proved unavailing.
💜5. vainglorious (adjective) - showing too much pride in your own abilities or achievements.
Synonyms: swelled, bigheaded, narcissistic, egoistic
Usage: The mob ran swiftly, with vainglorious shouts from its leaders.
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SV RAMANUJ
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*Spotting Errors*
🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁
❌If I was you, I would enjoy the situation.
✔️ If I *were* you, I would enjoy the situation.
🔰🔰🔰🔰
❌The furnitures ordered by the customer will be delivered by our company vehicle.
✔️ The *furniture* ordered by the customer will be delivered by our company vehicle.
🔰🔰🔰🔰
❌Ganesh along with his employees are visiting our office today.
✔️ Ganesh along with his employees *is* visiting our office today.
🔰🔰🔰🔰
❌Our management aims to providing with high end laptops with complete database of all the clients.
✔️ Our management aims *at* providing with high end laptops with complete database of all the clients.
🔰🔰🔰🔰
❌When the New Year arrives, you will receive an added bonus for all your hard work in our organization.
✔️When the New Year arrives, you will receive *a bonus* for all your hard work in our organization.
🔰🔰🔰🔰🔰🔰
SV RAMANUJ
Prepositions of Place and Direction
===============================
Fill in the blanks with an appropriate preposition.
1. There was no one ....................... the classroom.
in
at
on
2. Alka had something .......................... her hand.
in
at
on
3. When I was .......................... Chennai, I used to go ......................... the beach almost everyday.
at, to
in, to
in, into
4. Priya didn't respond ........................... my calls.
to
in
on
5. He lives .......................... the hills.
at
in
on
6. The children are swimming ......................... the pool.
in
at
on
7. Tina was waiting .......................... the bus stop.
in
at
on
8. Who is ......................... the door?
in
at
on
9. We are getting ........................... at the next stop.
out
off
out of
10. She got ............................ the car and walked away.
off
out of
out off
11. He had something ........................... his mouth.
in
at
on
12. I sat ............................ the carpet.
at
on
in
===================
🟢 Answers 🟢
1. There was no one in the classroom.
2. Alka had something in her hand.
3. When I was in Chennai, I used to go to the beach almost everyday.
4. Priya didn’t respond to my calls.
5. He lives in the hills.
6. The children are swimming in the pool.
7. Tina was waiting at the bus stop.
8. Who is at the door?
9. We are getting off at the next stop.
10. She got out of the car and walked away.
11. He had something in his mouth.
12. I sat on the carpet.
🌸🌸🌸🌸🌸🌸
SV RAMANUJ
*Spotting Errors*
🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁
❌The set of same identical twins always confuse their friends and sometimes their professors.
✔️ The set of same *identical* twins always confuse their friends and sometimes their professors.
🔰🔰🔰🔰
❌Even the strongest men were able to escalade the tower of south region.
✔️Even the strongest men were able to escalade the tower of *the* south region.
🔰🔰🔰🔰
❌The servant tried to scrub the dirt and grime of the floor, but couldn't make it clean again.
✔️ The servant tried to scrub the dirt and grime *off* the floor, but couldn't make it clean again.
🔰🔰🔰🔰
❌When she reached the station, the train have already left.
✔️ When she reached the station, the train *had* already left.
🔰🔰🔰🔰
❌Serving as an alternative choice to tea, the pregnant woman drank herbal tonic.
✔️ Serving as an *alternative* to tea, the pregnant woman drank herbal tonic.
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SV RAMANUJ
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Words ending in ‘ar’, ‘er’, ‘or’, ‘our’, ‘re’, ‘ure’, ‘ur’
➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖
👉🏻 The pronunciation of these different terminations is often very similar. In fact, it is not easy to decide when to use one or another.
The lists given below give some common words ending in each of these terminations and these should be learned by heart. Note that this is not an exhaustive list.
❤️ Words ending in -ar
Pillar, scholar, calendar, vicar, particular, pedlar, beggar, solar, grammar, circular, similar, altar
💚 Words ending in -er
Miner, traveller, saddler, conjurer (or conjuror)
Robber, summer, alter, clever, character, prisoner
Leather, manner, messenger, villager, farmer, meter, tiger, interpreter
📘952 words ending in -er (pdf)📘
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🧡 Words ending in -or
Minor, impostor, inventor, traitor, debtor, surveyor, actor, tailor
Doctor, ancestor, governor, emperor, sailor, author
Professor, visitor, liquor, director
💙 Words ending in -our
‘-Our’ is the common termination of abstract nouns.
Endeavour, humour, hour, vigour, rigour, valour
Colour, ardour, candour, demeanour
💛 Words ending in -re
Centre, massacre, theatre, sombre, calibre, metre
Sceptre, manoeuvre
💜 Words ending in -ure
Leisure, signature, manufacture, agriculture
Literature, imposture, nature, venture, enclosure, miniature
🤎 Words ending in -ur
Murmur, sulphur, augur
🖤 Words ending in ceed and cede
Common words ending in these terminations are given below and students should add to this list as they come across fresh examples.
-ceed
Proceed, exceed, succeed
-cede
Accede, precede, concede, intercede, secede
🤍 Note the spelling of ‘supersede’
💓 Notes
A number of words end in -or in American English and -our in British English. Examples are: color and humor (US).
Similarly some words end in -er in American and -re in British English. Examples are: center and meter (US)
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SV RAMANUJ
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Five Words of the Day
======================
💙1. kowtow (verb)- Try to gain favor by cringing or flattering.
Synonyms: bootlick, toady, truckle, fawn, suck up
Usage: They were accused of kowtowing to a corrupt government.
💙2. disbelieve (verb)- Reject as false; refuse to accept.
Synonyms: discredit, doubt, distrust, suspect
Antonyms: trust, believe
Usage: I have no reason to disbelieve her.
💙3. embroil (verb)- to cause someone to become involved in an argument or a difficult situation
Synonyms: drag in, sweep up, entangle, involve, ensnare, enmesh
Usage: She became embroiled in a dispute between two women she hardly knew"
💙4. reimburse (verb)- To pay back or compensate (another party) for money spent or losses incurred.
Synonyms: refund, repay, remunerate, rebate, remit
Usage: The company will reimburse you in full for your travelling expenses.
💙5. inhale (verb) - to breathe air, smoke, or gas into your lungs.
Synonyms: breathe in, inspire, snuff, sniff, respire
Antonyms: exhale, expire
Usage: She became ill shortly after inhaling the fumes.
🌸🌸🌸🌸🌸
SV RAMANUJ
Singular Nouns and Plural Nouns
=================================
Fill in the blanks.
1. I can’t read properly even with ……………………..
a glass
glasses
glass
2. Don’t wear …………………….. to a formal event.
trousers
shorts
3. A new …………………………. of transport was invented in the 19th century.
mean
means
4. There are many ………………………. of plants and animals.
species
specieses
5. Nirali cut out the picture with a pair of ………………………….
scissor
scissors
6. The pants I bought in the sale ……………………….. fit me.
does not
do not
7. Mathematics ……………………… my favorite subject.
is
are
8. Where …………………………………..?
is the binocular
are the binoculars
9. People …………………….. generally nice to you if you are nice to them.
is
are
10. …………………………… not very sharp.
This scissor is
These scissors are
This scissors are
11. Priya was wearing …………………………..
blue trouser
blue trousers
12. Not even the police ……………………… any clues.
has
have
===================
🟢 Answers 🟢
1. I can’t read properly even with glasses.
2. Don’t wear shorts to a formal event.
3. A new means of transport was invented in the 19th century.
4. There are many species of plants and animals.
5. Nirali cut out the picture with a pair of scissors.
6. The pants I bought in the sale do not fit me.
7. Mathematics is my favorite subject.
8. Where are the binoculars?
9. People are generally nice to you if you are nice to them.
10. These scissors are not very sharp.
11. Priya was wearing blue trousers.
12. Not even the police have any clues.
🌸🌸🌸🌸🌸
SV RAMANUJ
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