94965
Correct Answer - A
Ans. A. Maxillary
The maxillae are the largest of the facial bones, other than the
mandible, and jointly form the whole of the upper jaw. Each bone
forms the greater part of the floor and lateral wall of the nasal cavity,
and of the floor of the orbit
"Orbital surface of maxilla is smooth and triangular, and forms
most of the floor of the orbit"
Also know:
Maxilla is also the most commonly fractured bone of orbital floor.
The floor (inferior wall) is formed by the orbital surface of maxilla, the
orbital surface of Zygomatic bone and the orbital process of palatine
bone
The seven bones that articulate to the orbit are
1. Frontal bone
2. Lacrimal bone
3. Ethmoid bone
4. Zygomatic bone
5. Maxillary bone
6. Palatine bone
7. Sphenoid bone
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Correct Answer - B
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Potts disease
•A term for significant involvement of the pelvic floor by malignancy,
usually carcinoma, or ttuberculosis; in which there is massive
extension of pathology to the urinary bladder, female genital tract,
and sigmoid colon. Adequate resection of a frozen pelvis is virtually
impossible; chemotherapy and radiation therapy are palliative at
best.
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Correct Answer- A
Uvula vesicae is a small elevation situated immediately behind the urethral orifice, which is
produced by the underlying median lobe of the prostate. It enlarges with age due to
enlargement of the underlying median lobe of the prostate and may inhibit complete bladder
emptying.
Correct Answer - C
• Circumcaval (retrocaval) ureter results from altered vasculature
rather than ureteral development. Thus, preureteral vena-cava is
more appropriate term.
• This disorder involves right ureter which passes behind IVC winding
about and crosses in front of it from medial to lateral direction.
The anomaly is divided into two types :?
1) Type 1 : It is more common and has hydronephrosis with a
typically obstructing pattern demonstrating some degree of fish-hook
shaped deformity of ureter.
2) Type 2 : It has lesser degree of hydronephrosis or not at all.
Correct Answer - B
Ans. is 'b'i.e., Anterior wall
• The middle ear is shaped like a cube
• When seen in the coronal section, the cavity of the middle ear is
biconcave.
• The boundaries of the middle ear are as follows :
1. Roof or tegmental wall
• Separates the middle ear from the middle cranial cavity.
• It is formed by a thin plate of bone called tegmen tympani.
2. Floor or jugular wall
• Formed by a thin plate of bone which separates the middle ear from
the superior bulb of the internal jugular vein
• The floor also presents the tympanic canaliculus which transmits the
tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve
3. Anterior or carotid wall
• The uppermost part bears the opening of the canal of the tensor
tympani.
• The middle part has the opening of the auditory tube.
• The inferior part of the wall is formed by a thin plate of bone which
forms the posterior wall of the carotid canal. This plate separates the
middle ear from the internal carotid artery.
4. Posterior or mastoid wall
Correct Answer -C
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Ventral rami of thoracic spinal nerves
Ventral rami of upper 11th thoracic spinal nerves are known as
intercostal nerves and ventral ramus of T12 is known as subcostal
nerve.
Upper six intercostal nerves supply thoracic wall whereas lower five
intercostal nerves and subcostal nerve supply thoracic and anterior
abdominal walls and hence known as thoracoabdominal nerves.
Upper two intercostal nerves also supply the upper limb.
Thus only 3rd to 6th are called typical intercostal nerves.
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Correct Answer-B
The pterygopalatine fossa is the region between the
pterygomaxillary fissure and the nasal cavity
* The fossa accommodates branches of the maxillary nerve [cranial
nerve (CN) V-2], the pterygopalatine ganglion, the terminal
branches of the maxillary artery, and greater superficial petrosal
nerve.
Correct Answer -C
Third
"Typical intercostal nerves are the ones that are confined to their
own intercostal spaces in the thoracic wall. The third, fourth, fifth and
sixth intercostal nerves are the typical nerves"
Correct Answer- A
In adults, the elbow is the second most frequently dislocated major joint, after the shoulder.
It is the most commonly dislocated joint in children. More than 90% of all elbow dislocations
are posterior dislocations.
This injury entails disengagement of the coronoid process of the ulna from the trochlea of
the humerus with movement posteriorly.
The mechanism of injury is typically a fall onto an outstretched hand with the elbow in
extension upon impact.
rrect Answer-D
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Uncinate process
Development of pancreas
• Pancreas is developed from the two pancreatic buds.
.. Dorsal pancreatic bud :- It is larger and most of the pancreas is
derived from it i.e. most of the head, and whole neck, body & tail.
2. Ventral pancreatic bud :- It is smaller and forms lower part of the
head of pancreas including uncinate process
• uring 7th week of development, the ventral and dorsal pancreatic
buds fuse to form a single pancreatic mass
• After the fusion of ventral and dorsal pancreatic buds, their ducts
develop cross communications. Final duct system is formed as
below ?
.. Main pancreatic duct (Duct of wirsung) is formed by the duct of
ventral bud, distal part of duct of dorsal bud and an oblique
communication between the two. The main pancreatic duct join the
bile duct to form hepatopancreatic ampulla that enters th 2nd part of
duodenum at major duodenal papilla.
‣. Accessory pancreatic duct is formed by the proximal part of the duct
of dorsal bud. It opens into 2nd part of duodenum at minor duodenal
papilla, 2 cm proximal (cranial) to major duodenal papilla.
Anomalies of pancreatic development may be:
.. Annular pancreas :- Two components of the ventral bud fail to fuse
and grow in oppsite direction arround the duodenum and meet the
dorsal pancreatic duct.
?. Pancreatic divisum (divided pancreas) :- Ventral and dorsal buds fail
to fuse with each other. It is the most common congenital anomaly of
pancreas.
3. Inversion of pancreatic duct :- The main pancreatic duct is formed
the duct of dorsal bud, i.e. accessory duct is larger than the main
duct and the main drainage of pancreas is through the minor
duodenal papilla.
I.Accessory pancreatic tissue :- May be found in ?
• Wall of stomach, duodenum, jejunum or ileum
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Correct Answer - A:B:C:E
Ans. is'a'i'e., Flexor carpi ulnaris 'b' i.e.,Brachioradialis;'c' i.e.,
Abductor pollicis brevis; &'e' i.e., Flexor digitorum superficial
• T he anterior interosseous nerve (volar interosseous nerve) is a
branch of the median nerve that supplies the deep muscles on the
anterior of the forearm, except the ulnar (medial) half of the flexor
digitorumprofundus.
Ans. is'b' i.e., Long head of triceps
. Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula : origin oflong head ofbiceps
. Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula : origin of long head of triceps
Correct Answer-C
The cranial root of the accessory nerve is smaller than the spinal
root. It exits the skull through the jugular foramen and unites for a
short distance with the spinal root. Its fibers innervate the
pharyngeal and palatal muscles, except tensor veli palatini.
Because the cranial part of accessory nerve (CN XI) leaves the
jugular foramen as joining the CN X, it is sometimes considered part
of the plexus as well
The tensor veli palatini is supplied by the medial pterygoid nerve, a
branch of mandibular nerve, the third branch of the trigeminal nerve
- the only muscle of the palate not innervated by the pharyngeal
plexus
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Correct Answer-C
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Anterior mediastinum
• Esophagus mainly descends in superior and posterior mediastinum
• Esophagus is usually not a content of middle mediastinum, but it
forms posterior boundry of middle mediastinum (BDC Vol.-1, 6`"/e p.
246).
• Esophagus has no relation to anterior mediastinum. Thus, among
the given options, best answer is anterior mediastinum
In posterior dislocation of shoulder there is
internal rotation of humeral head.
◦ Hence, in the AP film, the shape of humeral
head appears like that of Electric bulb called
as 'light bulb sign.'
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Correct Answer - D
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Lesser omentum
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Correct Answer -C
C i.e. subluxation of proximal radio ulnar joint
. If a young child is lifted by the wrist, the head of the radius may be
pulled partly out of the annular ligament, i.e., subluxation of the head
of the radius.
It occurs when forearm is pronated, elbow is extended and
longitudinal traction is applied to the hand or wrist, e.g., lifting,
spinning or swinging a child with wrist or hand. Pulled elbow most
commonly occurs between the age of 2-5 years
Correct Answer - B
Ans:B.
Calf Calf Aorta and Common liac- Buttocks Femoral Artery- Thigh Superficial femoral artery⁃ Calf and popliteal artery Posterior tibial Artery- Feet BDC 7th edition, volume 2, page no 137.
Ans: D. Motor speech
Motor speech defect is also called apraxia of speech.
Injury to the Broca's area/left inferior frontal gyrus causes motor
speech defect.
BDC 7th edition, volume 4, page no 129
Correct Answer -D
Ans. is `d' i.e., Retinal pigmented epithelium
Derivatives of neuroectoderm
1. From neural tube : CNS (brain, spinal cord), astrocytes,
oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells, retina, pineal gland,
neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary), all cranial and spinal motor
nerves.
2. From neural crest : Neural crest derivatives are :?
3. Neural derivatives
* Sensory neurons of 5th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th cranial nerve ganglia
(trigeminal, geniculate, sphenopalatine, submandibular, cochlear,
vestibular, otic and vagal parasympathetic ganglia).
* Sensory neurons of spinal dorsal root ganglia
* Sympathetic chain ganglia and plexus (celiac/preaortic/renal
ganglia, enteric plexus in GIT, i.e.Auerbachs and Meissner's)
* Parasympathetic ganglia and plexus of GIT.
* Schwann cells of peripheral nerves, satellite cells of all ganglia
* Adrenal medulla, chromaffin cells, para follicular C-cells of thyroid
gland.
* Melanocytes and melanoblasts
Correct Answer-D
Ans. is 'd'` i.e., Para-aortic
Lymphatics of the ovary drain to para-aortic nodes alongside the
origin of the ovarian artery (L2).