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Drinking balance
It shouldn't be forgotten that in hot weather a large amount of moisture is excreted with sweat, to cool the body. If you drink heavily, you start to excrete moisture, and the water-electrolyte balance is disturbed. Together with moisture, salts and trace elements leave the body.
To restore balance, drink either special preparations such as Rehydron, or just add a little salt in water. This, firstly, reduces the need for water, secondly, prevents excessive excretion of moisture, and thirdly, maintains salt balance in the body.
Fuel "rolls" for easy kindling
Make a fire in the winter or in the rain can be quite difficult. This kind of kindling, which should be prepared in advance, will help:
1. Roll up 2 or 3 sheets of paper (A4) into a roll (not tightly) and tie with thread, as in the figure. Cut it into lengths of about 5-7 cm;
2. In a water bath, melt paraffin in a tin (candle stubs will do), take off the fire and drop it to soak in paraffin.
Solar distiller
Dig a hole in the ground about 90 cm in diameter and about 45 cm deep. Place a tank in the center to collect water and cover the hole with plastic film, making it cone-shaped.
The sun's heat raises the temperature of the air and the ground below, and evaporation begins. When the air becomes saturated with water vapor, the water condenses on the inside surface of the film and flows down the cone into the tank.
This method is especially effective in deserts and anywhere that is hot during the day and cold at night. The plastic cools faster than the air, causing heavy condensation. This type of distiller can collect 500 ml of water in 24 hours.
The collected water should be boiled before use.
Why do you need foil when camping?
A thin metal that is easy to work with. For example, it can be used to make a solar oven. Or even a light signal transmitter.
Not to mention the fact that this metal conducts electricity, so it can be used if the batteries are a bit undersized device, and in combination with batteries and chaff can be used to build a fire.
Let's do something nice for a while. For example, how about some kebabs?
Here are some tips for cooking:
1. The best flavor of grilled meat is just the taste of grilled meat. Plus a little salt, plus a little freshly ground pepper. Rarely do they use anything as a marinade except for onions sliced in quarters, lightly mashed to make them juicy, and mixed with spices - zira, coriander, paprika, or some herbs.
2. The best firewood is vine. Burns quickly, giving a strong good heat. But this is an ideal variant. You can get by with deciduous logs - oak and birch. Coniferous and resinous hardwood is not suitable - because of them the meat will be bitter.
3. The distance from the charcoal to the meat in the grill should be about 4 fingers.
4. Onions almost always burn before the meat is cooked and transfer their flavor to it.
Sawdust and paraffin candle
1. Melt paraffin in some container, holding it over the fire.
2. Pour the sawdust, distributing it evenly over the entire area.
3. Stir with a stick/spoon of some kind.
4. When the wax has cooled a bit, you can do the same thing with your hands.
5. Use yarn or cotton cloth as a wick.
6. Fixing the wick in the center, fill the jar with the mixture.
The wick is needed here only for the beginning of combustion (easily ignited, after igniting our fuel), in the extreme case - you can do without it.
An important clarification in the case of a wound!
Don't pull objects such as a knife, a piece of glass, etc. out of the wound immediately after injury.
They can block or slow down arterial bleeding, or they can damage an artery if not removed carefully. Instead of pulling them out sharply, apply a pressure dressing around such an object and wait for the ambulance to arrive.
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If there isn't any water nearby
If there are no sources of clean water nearby, but there is a deciduous forest, great. Take a plastic bag and stretch it over a branch. The bag should be clean and preferably clear.
Water will evaporate from the leaves, which will then condense on the walls of the bag. Although the process itself is quite long, but gives clean drinking water.
And further - either untie the bag and pour out the liquid, or make a neat hole, tilt the whole construction, and when finished - glue it with something. The same resin.
The bare minimum for a hike
❗️Advice: don't tempt fate and assemble carefully for a hike, but the minimum equipment is a knife and matches.
Sometimes a flask and a compass are added to this kit.
Matches should be impregnated with molten paraffin (except for sulfur heads) and placed hermetically corked flask together with the side (sulfur) of the matchbox.
The flask should be metal welded - so that you can boil water in it.
As a last resort, you can replace the flask with a thick polyethylene bag. Tie the filled bag with a string.
What herbs are good for camping?
1. Rosehip - helps with colds. For a glass of tea you need to crush and peel from the hairs 6-8 fruits. Pour cold water, bring to a boil and insist 10-15 minutes. Long boil rosehips can not be - destroys vitamin C.
2. Nettle - tonic and diuretic properties. Vigorously brewed nettle tea - a good laxative. Fresh nettle leaves are put into boiling water and allowed to boil for 3-5 minutes. 3.
3. Tea leaves of strawberries - helps with inflammation of the mucous membranes.
For tea, crush strawberry leaves, pour boiling water and insist 5-8 minutes.
4. Lipa - for colds and just tasty. Especially if there is honey. To make tea, brew a handful of linden flowers in a pot and infuse for 15-20 minutes.
The knife will help to replace the axe
You can also use the knife for chopping rather thick branches and small trees.
The main thing here is that the blade should be powerful and strong. Technique is important.
What is the difference between a knife and an axe? That's right: the weight and the presence of leverage. It's enough to apply the beater from the weighty piece of the stick, and we'll get not just a knife, but a sort of a bladed axe.
By hitting the cleaver on the butt, you can get a good chopping action. The beater gives weight and leverage to increase the force of the blow, and the knife blade works as the cutting edge.
Catch fish. Some tips
When there is nothing at all at your disposal, you can try to catch fish just by hand.
This is usually done in the relatively warm season. See a small fish in shallow water. Go into the water and try to splash the fish on the shore.
The second option is to scramble with their hands near the rocks, snags. If they feel the fish, then it is pressed to the obstacle. This is also a working method.
A more advanced variant is to catch fish among algae. It requires skill and dexterity. However, there are skillful people. If there are a lot of fish and hunger drives us, we quickly learn.
Getting Water
- The sap of lianas can be used for drinking. But if the sap is bitter or colored, you should not drink it, as it is probably poisonous. Water can also be taken from bamboo trunks. Trunks that contain water are yellow in color and grow in damp places at an angle of Z0...50 degrees to the ground. You can tell if they contain water by shaking them;
- Mango fruits: yellow-green, heart-shaped, 6 to 12 cm in size, flesh bright orange;
- Рapaya (melon tree) fruits: green and yellow in color, located on the trunk; the trunk is flat, without branches;
- Fish;
- Сollecting moisture and rainwater.
Important tips for surviving in the tropics
Sometimes after a long, tiring journey through thickets and forest thickets, a river suddenly gleams through the trees. Of course, the first urge is to take a dip in the cool water, to wash off the sweat and fatigue. But to take a dip on the move, in the heat, means to expose yourself to great risk. Rapid cooling of the overheated body causes a sharp spasm of blood vessels, including those of the heart.
When swimming in tropical rivers or wading through them, a person may be attacked by crocodiles. In South American reservoirs, piranhas are no less dangerous.
How to patch a hole in a garment without thread or needle
Torn clothing can be patched using pine resin and a piece of cloth as glue.
1️⃣To do this, torn clothing is turned inside out, torn areas are docked and smeared with resin.
2️⃣Then a piece of cloth is put on the smeared area and smoothed with a flat stone heated on the fire.
About warming drinks
You shouldn't drink warming drinks or eat foods that are too hot before you go out into the cold. This applies to tea with honey or ginger, drinks with spices, spicy soups.
The fact is that hot will make you sweat, and the evaporation of sweat is a cooling process.
It is better to stock up on calories that your body can spend to fight the cold, and drink something warming when you come from the cold.
How to go unnoticed
1. To sneeze or cough silently, if there is no way to restrain yourself, you should open your mouth wide, exhale more air from your lungs and, covering your mouth and nose with a crumpled cloth, cough or sneeze without breathing in a new portion of air.
2. To crawl noiselessly from place to place, often use tip-to-toe movement with the torso in contact with the floor or ground.
3. To silently catch your breath, open your mouth wide and widen your throat, as when yawning.
4. To reduce the smell coming from the ammunition, wipe it with grass and soil.
A little tip that comes in handy when backpacking on a camping trip
Alcohol wipes can be used not only to treat wounds and scratches, but also to quickly start a fire. After all, alcohol burns quickly and easily. This also applies to some liquid disinfectants.
What herbal remedies can help in difficult situations
There are excellent herbal remedies to relieve intoxication and radiation damage:
Cranberries - removes radionuclides and heavy metals from the body.
Raspberries - an antitoxic remedy.
Grape juice - detoxifies toxins in the intestine.
Beets - prevents cancer, eliminates toxins.
Black currant - removes mercury salts, tin, cobalt and lead.
Coffee - used for poisoning with sleeping pills and drugs.
3 Survival Tips
✅If you get lost, the first thing to do is to stop.
✅Sit down, stop fidgeting, and think hard. If you lose your head and panic, things can really end badly for you.
✅Remember the "rule of three": hunger will kill you in three weeks, thirst in three days, cold in three hours, lack of oxygen in three minutes.
What to do if you fall in the water
✅If you fall into the water, don't panic. You don't need to know how to swim, just how to stay in the water.
✅Hold your breath and float to the surface. If someone is drowning and you are rescuing them, remember that a panicked person can ruin themselves and you.
✅Ideally, you should avoid direct contact and find something for the person to grasp - a rope, a towel.
✅If direct contact cannot be avoided, then swim up to him from the back, put your arm around him and sort of put him on your chest, making sure that his hands are as far away from you as possible.
Even if you are a good swimmer and an experienced lifeguard, be extremely careful.
What is the usefulness of bark during survival?
Edible bark is the bark of ash, aspen, birch, elm, maple, pine, poplar, and willow.
There are several ways to eat tree bark:
Raw - tear the inside into small strips and eat, chewing well.
Boiled - cut the bark into strips and boil them in boiling water, making "survivalist noodles". You can add these "noodles" to a stew.
Dried and shredded. You can mix it with water to make a mush, add it to soup, or even use it instead of flour to make bread, if you know the recipe.
You can also make tea by infusing strips of bark in boiling water. If there is a pine tree nearby that has needles, you should add them to your tea - they contain vitamin C and give a nice flavor.
How to cook food on a campfire properly
1. Cook the food on coals, not in a flame.
2. Meat and fish should be boiled rather than fried for longer to neutralize poisons and neutralize bacteria.
3. If you have an upset stomach, try to induce vomiting by putting two fingers deep into your mouth. Alternatively, you can crush and swallow some charcoal or chalk (one or two tablespoons of powder) with plenty of water.
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How acorns can help in times of survival
Acorns contain a special substance - butyric acid, which is quite good for coping with upset stomach.
Decoction of acorns with a small addition of oak bark in the process isn't a bad "natural remedy". Yes, and against ulcers of the mucous membrane of the mouth help.
Blackberry leaves have a similar effect, but to a much lesser extent.
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How to relieve mosquito itching
Most toothpastes have ingredients that are designed to reduce mucosal irritation, but they also work with the skin. A drop of toothpaste can help relieve itching and swelling from insect bites. In addition, a scented fragrance will scare away new bloodsuckers. It's worth checking first to see if you're allergic to the toothpaste.
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Jungle Crossing
Jungle crossing is extremely difficult. It requires great physical effort to overcome dense thickets, numerous blockages of fallen tree trunks and large branches, lianas and disc-shaped roots that run along the ground, and makes it necessary to constantly deviate from the direct route.
The situation is aggravated by high temperatures and humidity. This is why the same physical activities in temperate and tropical climates are qualitatively different.