Chahal Academy

18 Nov 2022 08:13

👉SIBERIAN RUBYTHROAT

Context: A rare winter migrant, Siberian rubythroat (Calliope calliope), has been recorded in the Nilgiris.

The bird breeds in the coniferous forests of Siberia.
👉It is known to winter in Thailand, India, Indonesia and Bangladesh.

The Siberian rubythroat is a ground-loving songbird. It nests near the ground.

The male has a red throat edged with a narrow black border and a broad white border.
👉Females lack brightly coloured throat and borders.

The Siberian rubythroat is placed in the genus Calliope.

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Chahal Academy

16 Nov 2022 17:26

👉🏻Mangarh Massacre

A horrifying tragedy occurred in Mangarh (Banswada, Rajasthan) killing more than 1,500 Bhil tribals on 17th November, 1913.

👉🏻Mobilised and trained by social activist Guru Govindgiri, also known as Govind Guru, the Bhils placed a charter of 33 demands before the British by 1910 primarily relating to forced labour, high tax imposed on Bhils and harassment of the guru’s followers by the British and rulers of princely states.

👉🏻The Bhils rejected the British’s attempt to placate them and refused to leave Mangarh Hill, vowing to declare freedom from British rule.

The British then asked the Bhils to leave Mangarh Hill before 15 November 1913.

👉🏻But that didn’t happen and on 17 November 1913, the British Indian Army fired indiscriminately on Bhil protesters and it is said that over 1,500 people, including women and children died in the tragedy.

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Chahal Academy

15 Nov 2022 08:18

Q.) Which of the following Fundamental Rights is/are available only to citizens not to foreigners?

1. Right to elementary education
2. Equality before law and equal protection of laws
3. Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth
4. Freedom of speech and expression

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 2 and 3 only
(b) 4 only
(c) 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 3 and 4 only

Chahal Academy

15 Nov 2022 05:01

https://chahalacademy.com/assets/pdf/Chahal%20Magazine%20(October%202022).pdf

👉October Monthly Magazine is out now!
Download the PDF by clicking on the aforementioned link☝️

Chahal Academy

12 Nov 2022 11:13

👉THE SWORD OF SHIVAJI

The Maharashtra government recently announced that it is working to bring back the sword of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj from London to India.

It was given to Edward, the Prince of Wales (the later King Edward VII), by Shivaji IV in 1875-76.

The sword is part of the Royal Collection Trust at Saint James’s Palace in London.

👉Shivaji IV was barely 11 years old then, and like many other Indian kings of the time, he was forced by the British to “gift” them valuable presents, which included weapons with historical significance.

👉THE BHAVANI AND JAGDAMBA SWORDS

The “Bhavani” sword, now in Satara, was also used by Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj.

👉But this sword is different from the one in London, which is called “Jagdamba".

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Chahal Academy

12 Nov 2022 07:07

#Chahalacademy #Prelims2023

Q.) Consider the following statements:

1. Protection under preventive detention law is available to both citizens as well as aliens.

2. Under the Constitution, state legislatures are not given powers to make laws of preventive detention.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Chahal Academy

11 Nov 2022 08:29

https://chahalacademy.com/assets/pdf/Chahal%20Magazine%20(October%202022).pdf

👉October Monthly Magazine is out now!
Download the PDF by clicking on the aforementioned link☝️

Chahal Academy

07 Nov 2022 08:23

PUFFER FISH

Pufferfish can inflate into a ball shape to evade predators.

Most pufferfish contain a toxic substance that makes them foul tasting and potentially deadly to other fish.

👉The toxin is deadly to humans.

👉There is enough poison in one pufferfish to kill 30 adult humans, and there is no known antidote.

Pufferfish Conservation Status : Least Concern


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Chahal Academy

02 Nov 2022 03:36

#Chahalacademy #quoteoftheday

“You cannot change your future, but
you can change your habits, and surely your habits will change your future.”

-A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

Chahal Academy

01 Nov 2022 10:39

Victoria Island

✍🏻 It is a large island in the Arctic Archipelago that straddles the boundary between Nunavut and the Northwest Territories of Canada.

✍🏻 It is the eighth largest island in the world.

#Prelims2023
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Chahal Academy

29 Oct 2022 07:34

GENEVA CONVENTIONS

The Geneva Conventions are four treaties, and three additional protocols, that establish international legal standards for humanitarian treatment in war.

👉The First Geneva Convention provides for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field.

👉The Second Geneva Convention provides for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea.

👉The Third Geneva Convention provides for the Treatment of Prisoners of War.

👉The Fourth Geneva Convention provides for the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War.

👉ADDITIONAL PROTOCOLS
The 1949 conventions have been modified with three amendment protocols:

Protocol I (1977) relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts.

Protocol II (1977) relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts.

Protocol III (2005) relating to the Adoption of an Additional Distinctive Emblem.

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Chahal Academy

28 Oct 2022 15:33

Kushiyara River

✍🏻 It is a distributary river in Bangladesh and Assam.

✍🏻 It forms on the India-Bangladesh border as a branch of Barak River.

Feni River

✍🏻 The Feni river forms part of the India-Bangladesh border.

✍🏻 It originates in the Tripura state and meets the Bay of Bengal after it flows into Bangladesh.

#Prelims2023
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Chahal Academy

26 Oct 2022 17:38

Neolithic Age

👉 Grains were first ever produced in Neolithic Age.

👉 It was the time when people were introduced to agriculture.

👉 Koldihwa and Mehrgarh were the two Neolithic villages from where clear pieces of evidence of rice and wheat have been found.

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#Prelims2023

Chahal Academy

17 Oct 2022 16:26

👉 Ease of Justice

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#Prelims2023

Chahal Academy

15 Oct 2022 14:40

👉HIGHLIGHTS OF TODAY’S CDG

✔️LEGAL RIGHTS TO NON-HUMANS

✔️ARMED FORCES BATTLE CASUALTIES WELFARE FUND (AFBCWF)

✔️GLOBAL HUNGER INDEX 2022

✔️INS ARIHANT

✔️CHHATH PUJA

✔️GALAPAGOS ISLANDS


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Chahal Academy

16 Nov 2022 17:28

https://chahalacademy.com/assets/pdf/Chahal%20Magazine%20(October%202022).pdf

👉October Monthly Magazine is out now!
Download the PDF by clicking on the aforementioned link☝️

Chahal Academy

16 Nov 2022 08:35

Q.) Consider the following statements:

1. Martial law affects both the Fundamental rights and centre-state relations.
2. The concept of martial law has been borrowed in India from the English common law.
3. The expression ‘martial law’ has not been written anywhere in the Constitution.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Chahal Academy

15 Nov 2022 08:15

Q.) Which of the following grounds impose reasonable restrictions on the Freedom of Movement under Article 19?

1. Protection of interests of any scheduled tribe
2. Protection of interests of general public
3. Maintenance of traffic in the area concerned
4. Sovereignty and integrity of India

Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Chahal Academy

12 Nov 2022 12:27

https://chahalacademy.com/assets/pdf/Chahal%20Magazine%20(October%202022).pdf

👉October Monthly Magazine is out now!
Download the PDF by clicking on the aforementioned link☝️

Chahal Academy

12 Nov 2022 11:07

👉MASTODON

Amid concerns over the direction that Twitter seems to be taking after its takeover by billionaire Elon Musk, a number of users are flocking to a platform called Mastodon, a decentralised, open source social media platform.

Mastodon was founded in 2016 by a German software developer.

👉Unlike Facebook, Twitter, Reddit, and Instagram, it is a decentralised, open source, ad-free platform that is essentially made up of thousands of different servers, or “instances”, run across the world.

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Chahal Academy

12 Nov 2022 06:29

NEW DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES

The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 added four new Directive Principles to the original list. They require the State:

1. To secure opportunities for healthy development of children (Article 39).
2. To promote equal justice and to provide free legal aid to the poor (Article 39 A).
3. To take steps to secure the participation of workers in the management of industries (Article 43 A).
4. To protect and improve the environment and to safeguard forests and wild life (Article 48 A).

The 44th Amendment Act of 1978 added one more Directive Principle, which requires the State to minimise inequalities in income, status, facilities and opportunities (Article 38).

👉The 86th Amendment Act of 2002 changed the subject-matter of Article 45 and made elementary education a fundamental right under Article 21 A. The amended directive requires the State to provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of six years.

👉The 97th Amendment Act of 2011 added a new Directive Principle relating to cooperative societies. It requires the state to promote voluntary formation, autonomous functioning, democratic control and professional management of co-operative societies (Article- 43B).

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Chahal Academy

07 Nov 2022 16:00

Lion-tailed macaque (Macaca silenus)🐒

👉🏻 It is a primate endemic to small and severely fragmented rainforests of the Western Ghats in Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu.

👉🏻 IUCN Red List: Endangered

#Prelims2023
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Chahal Academy

02 Nov 2022 14:34

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)

✍🏻 OTEC is a process for producing energy by harnessing the temperature differences (thermal gradients) between ocean surface waters and deep ocean waters.

✍🏻 OTEC systems use a temperature difference of at least 20° Celsius to power a turbine to produce electricity.

#Prelims2023
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Chahal Academy

01 Nov 2022 14:33

Inter-State Council

✍🏻 It is a mechanism that was constituted “to support Centre State and Inter-State coordination and cooperation in India”.

✍🏻 The Inter-State Council was established under Article 263 of the Constitution, which states that the President may constitute such a body if a need is felt for it.

✍🏻 The Council is basically meant to serve as a forum for discussions among various governments.

✍🏻 In 1988, the Sarkaria Commission suggested the Council should exist as a permanent body, and in 1990 it came into existence through a Presidential Order.

#Prelims2023
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Chahal Academy

29 Oct 2022 09:54

👉HONESTY SHOPS

The honesty shops have been opened in nearly 15 schools in Kerala.

There is no salesman at these counters and students can drop the money for each item in the collection box kept on a table.

The main idea behind the 'Honesty store' is to teach children life-oriented lessons.

👉It aims to make the children self-aware and honest.

👉The concept of Honesty store seeks to bring about the behavioural change among the students.

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Chahal Academy

29 Oct 2022 07:11

SCORCHED EARTH TACTICS

Scorched earth tactics form part of a military strategy which seeks to destroy anything that could be of use to the enemy, including:
 energy supplies,
 bridges,
 provision stores,
 agricultural fields,
 road and railway links, etc.

The destruction could be carried out by the enemy, or by the retreating army of a country which does not want invaders to use its resources.

👉Harming civilians as part of this strategy has been banned under the 1977 Geneva Convention.

👉The term was first used in English in 1937 in a report of the Sino-Japanese conflict.

👉In India, the armies of Maratha leader Chhatrapati Shivaji were known for their scorched earth tactics.


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Chahal Academy

26 Oct 2022 17:40

Indian Council Act, 1892

👉 The Indian Council Act, 1892 increased the functioning of the Legislative Councils.

👉 The councils were given the power of discussing the Budget and addressing questions to the executive.

#Prelims2023
#Chahalacademy
#importantfacts

Chahal Academy

21 Oct 2022 10:12

Land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF)

✍🏻It is also referred to as Forestry and other land use (FOLU).

✍🏻 It is defined by the United Nations Climate Change Secretariat as a "greenhouse gas inventory sector that covers emissions and removals of greenhouse gases resulting from direct human induced land use such as settlements and commercial uses, land use change, and forestry activities.

#Prelims2023
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Chahal Academy

16 Oct 2022 09:49

Himalayan Quad

✍🏻 China is trying to form a Himalayan Quad consisting of four Himalayan countries i.e., China, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Nepal.

Chahal Academy

15 Oct 2022 11:05

#Chahalacademy

GLOBAL HUNGER INDEX 2022

👉India ranks 107 out of 121 countries on the Global Hunger Index in which it fares worse than all countries in South Asia barring war-torn Afghanistan.

Key details:

👉India’s score of 29.1 places it in the ‘serious’ category.

India also ranks below Sri Lanka (64), Nepal (81), Bangladesh (84), and Pakistan (99).

👉Afghanistan (109) is the only country in South Asia that has performed worse than India on the index.