52688
☑️ Join for mains Previous Year Questions Questions from 1999 - 2023 Questions will be segregated Subject/topic wise ✅Prelims PYQs @UPSC_Prelims_PYQ_MCQ ✅CSAT PYQs @UPSC_CSAT_PYQ
🚨🚨 *Free Ethics Module Course for All Aspirants!*🚨🚨
Prepare for the Ethics paper with *Pathways Academy!* We’re offering an exclusive opportunity to learn from one of India’s top ethics experts, *Arun PT, IPoS (Ex), and Academic Director, Pathways Academy.*
🌟 *Why Join?*
🔸 Complete coverage of the GS IV syllabus
🔸 Emphasis on case studies and practical applications
🔸 Accessible study materials (PDF notes) for thorough revision
🔸 Engaging online classes to elevate your learning experience
🗓 *Course Begins:* 8th November 2024
📲 *Register here:* https://forms.gle/RfM6gEbdN6gjdyk4A
Follow us on Telegram:* /channel/pathwaysacademyedu
For queries, contact us at 📞 7736 156 999
🚨🚨 *Free Ethics Module Course for All Aspirants!*🚨🚨
Prepare for the Ethics paper with *Pathways Academy!* We’re offering an exclusive opportunity to learn from one of India’s top ethics experts, *Arun PT, IPoS (Ex), and Academic Director, Pathways Academy.*
🌟 *Why Join?*
🔸 Complete coverage of the GS IV syllabus
🔸 Emphasis on case studies and practical applications
🔸 Accessible study materials (PDF notes) for thorough revision
🔸 Engaging online classes to elevate your learning experience
🗓 *Course Begins:* 8th November 2024
📲 *Register here:* https://forms.gle/RfM6gEbdN6gjdyk4A
Follow us on Telegram:* /channel/pathwaysacademyedu
For queries, contact us at 📞 7736 156 999
🚨🚨 *Free Ethics Module Course for All Aspirants!*🚨🚨
Prepare for the Ethics paper with *Pathways Academy!* We’re offering an exclusive opportunity to learn from one of India’s top ethics experts, *Arun PT, IPoS (Ex), and Academic Director, Pathways Academy.*
🌟 *Why Join?*
🔸 Complete coverage of the GS IV syllabus
🔸 Emphasis on case studies and practical applications
🔸 Accessible study materials (PDF notes) for thorough revision
🔸 Engaging online classes to elevate your learning experience
🗓 *Course Begins:* 8th November 2024
📲 *Register here:* https://forms.gle/RfM6gEbdN6gjdyk4A
Follow us on Telegram:* /channel/pathwaysacademyedu
For queries, contact us at 📞 7736 156 999
Q. Pala period is the most significant phase in the history of Buddhism in India. Enumerate. (Answer in 150 words)
The Pala period, spanning from the 8th to the 12th centuries, marks a pivotal chapter in the evolution of Buddhism in India. This epoch is characterized by the remarkable resurgence and growth of the religion under the auspices of the Pala dynasty, whose rulers were staunch patrons of Buddhism.
▪️Some of the key reasons for the significance of the Pala period are:
✅Patronage of Buddhism: Pala kings, such as Dharmapala and Devapala, were devout Buddhists and supported the religion through the establishment and maintenance of monasteries, temples, and educational institutions.
✅Development of Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhism: These new schools of thought provided fresh impetus to the religion, leading to an increased number of followers and a deepening of Buddhist practices.
✅Establishment of renowned monastic universities: The Pala kings were instrumental in the establishment of famous monastic universities, such as Nalanda, Vikramashila, and Odantapuri. These institutions attracted scholars and students from across the Indian subcontinent and beyond, making them significant centers of learning, scholarship, and cultural exchange.
✅Proliferation of Buddhist art and architecture: The Pala school of art, which emerged during this period, is known for its distinct style and fine craftsmanship.
✅ Spread of Buddhism beyond India: The transmission of Buddhist teachings, texts, and art forms to these regions can be largely attributed to the patronage and support provided by the Pala rulers.
✅Preservation of Buddhist texts: Monks and scholars at institutions like Nalanda and Vikramashila undertook the task of translating Buddhist texts from Sanskrit into other languages, thereby ensuring the survival and dissemination of Buddhist knowledge.
Conclusion: The Pala period was a highly significant phase in the history of Buddhism in India. The Pala dynasty's patronage, along with the development of new schools of thought, the establishment of renowned monastic universities, and the spread of Buddhism beyond India, all contributed to the growth and impact of Buddhism during this time.
#geography [ 2020 PYQ ]
#CSM1
Join @CSE_MAINS_PYQ
2024 GS 1 Mains Model Answer
Q. No. 2) Estimate the contribution of Pallavas of Kanchi for the development of Art and literature of South Indla. Answer in 150 words) 10
🚨Limited-Time Deal Alert! 🚨
Get "The Manual on Ethics, Integrity, and Aptitude for UPSC Civil Services and State Services Examinations" by Srushti Deshmukh Gowda, IAS & Dr. Nagarjun B Gowda, IAS at an exclusive discount on Amazon!
🚨Grab your copy now: https://amzn.to/3TDjsnR
Don't miss out on this amazing offer—perfect for UPSC aspirants looking to ace the Ethics paper!
#UPSC #EthicsIntegrityAptitude #UPSC2024 #CivilServices #IAS #BookDeal #AmazonIndia #WileyIndia
10 Years of Make in India
Transforming India into a Global Manufacturing Powerhouse
#mains
#prelims
Join @CSE_EXA
@PIB_UPSC
Today essay paper
#essay
Join @CSE_EXAM
/channel/testseries1
🔆Federalism
✅It refers to the constitutionally allocated distribution of powers between two or more levels of government ie at national, provincial, state or local level.
✅ Features :
🔸 Consent of both levels
🔸 Financial autonomy of each
🔸 Promote unity and regional diversity
🔸 Two or more tiers of government
🔸 Constitutional guarantee
✅ Strengthening :
🔸 Horizontal federalism- competitive and cooperative federalism
🔸 Financial devolution reforms
🔸 Role of state government in covid 19 crisis.
🔸 formation of bodies like niti aayog & gst council.
✅ Weakening :
🔸 Rising regional demands
🔸 Arbitrariness- misuse of office of governors
🔸 Economic incapabilities
🔸 Developmental narratives- one nation one market, one nation one grid etc
✅ Reforms :
🔸 Relook 7th schedule
🔸 Effective utilization of federal institutions like interstate council Niti Aayog
🔸 Financial devolution of funds to state and local governments.
🔸 Shift from one size fit all model to flexible model of federalism.
#mains
#gs2
#polity
Join @CSE_EXAM
@upsc_polity_Governance
Top Bio-Ethanol Producing States in India
Credit Platform IAS
Q. Judicial Legislation is antithetical to the doctrine of separation of powers as envisaged in the Indian
Constitution. In this context justify the filing of a large number of public interest petitions praying for
issuing guidelines to executive authorities. (15 marks)
The doctrine of separation of powers implies minimal interference by one organ in the functioning of another
organ. However, recently judicial legislation has emerged as a process in which the judiciary does the duty of the legislature and formulates laws, rules and regulations. One of the mechanisms for Judicial legislation is Public Interest Litigation (PIL).
▪️Antithetical to Separation of Power:
✅ It is argued that the social and economic domain should be largely the prerogative of the other branches of government, which are better equipped to analyse, formulate, and implement complex policies, and that much of PIL is inappropriate judicial activism” or “adventurism.
✅ PIL has significantly contributed, to expand their own powers and shield themselves from scrutiny and accountability.
✅ To some, it appears as though the courts may be spending time on frivolous and ineffectual PIL cases at the expense of the real administration of justice, and choose to do so because PIL burnishes their popularity, no matter if it goes against Separation of Power.
▪️Justification of large number of Public Interest litigation:
✅ Liberal Interpretation of Locus Standi: Locus Standi means a right or capacity of an individual to approach
or appear in a court on the behalf of any person that is economically or physically incapable of appearing in a
court.
✅ Making Socio Economic Right Judicially enforceable: Even though social and economic rights have been
laid down in Part IV of the Indian constitution, the PILs aren’t legally enforceable under the constitution.
✅ Therefore, the courts have listed under the fundamental rights thus making them judicially enforceable. For example: Under Article 21 which states ‘right to life’ also inculcates the right to free legal aid, live with dignity, education, work, freedom from torture, etc.
✅ Giving voice to the voiceless: In Hussainara Khatoon case, PIL concentrated on the barbaric conditions of prisons and how the prisoners who were under trial were kept in those prisons.
✅ Raise awareness on Important question: Supreme Court in Parmanand Katara Judgement ensured action against public officials who coerce or intimidate Good Samaritans to reveal his or her name and personal details.
✅ Direct Access to Justice: In the Asiad Workers judgement case, Justice P.N. Bhagwati held that anyone getting less than the minimum wage can approach the Supreme Court directly without going through the labour commissioner and lower courts.
The concept of Public Interest Litigation has managed to bring out surprising results that were impossible to derive 5 decades ago. Many cases of degraded bonded labourers, blinded prisoners, exploited children, etc got relief from PILs filed by various social activists
Extreme Rainfall Events in India in recent times
Question: Identify the reasons behind increasing number of extreme rainfall events throughout India in recent times. Assess their socio-economic impact. (Answer in 150 words)
Credit Platform IAS
Ssc cgl•Complete quantitative aptitude•pyq•Marathon series•2023•ACEEXAM
https://youtu.be/7u0fg9FXS-8
Reservation Policies:
Despite their intent, reservation policies sometimes face criticism for perpetuating identity-based politics and not fully addressing the needs of the most disadvantaged.
Economic Development Programs:
Programs like MNREGA may face issues of inefficiency, corruption, and insufficient coverage, which can undermine their effectiveness in improving the conditions of the least advantaged.
Social Welfare Schemes:
Implementation challenges, including bureaucratic inefficiencies and inadequate infrastructure, can affect the reach and impact of schemes like PMAY and Ayushman Bharat.
Idealized Nature: While the veil of ignorance and the original position provide a thought-provoking framework for considering principles of justice, these concepts face significant criticisms for their abstract nature, assumptions about rationality, neglect of power dynamics, and challenges in practical application.
Conclusion
While Rawls’s theory may not fully capture the complexities of the Indian context, it still provides valuable insights. Adapting Rawlsian principles to address specific socio-economic and cultural issues in India, and integrating them with other relevant theories, such as Amartya Sen’s capability approach, could enhance their applicability.
Q. How is the growth of Tier 2 cities related to the rise of a new middle class with an emphasis on the culture of consumption? (10 Marks)
✅The middle classes constitute a critical market for most goods and services.
✅ A sizable portion of any nation’s tax revenue is collected either directly or indirectly from this group and they are important for economic and social development via urbanization and. industrialization.
✅Middle class working in metro cities but due to heavy land cost, they are purchasing lands in Tier 2 cities. Ex:- Sonipat because of NCR Development.
✅ Work from Home has resulted into demand of goods and services in Tier 2 cities, thus opening of Pizza
outlets, Dosa corner etc.
✅ The major reason of rise in Consumption in a new middle class can be Work, Stress and Enjoyment Purposes.
✅ Start-ups find that initial costs are much
✅And Aesthetics are as important as functionality, an office should be a space where employees feel excited to step in, every day. Ex:- Nissan’s Digital Hub in Thiruvananthapuram
✅ Today the millennial does not just want to satisfy their needs, but satisfied at faster pace. Ex: - Zepto10 Minutes delivery and Amazon delivery in small towns too.
✅ Purchasing power of middle class have increased and thus shift in the pattern of consumption has been observed.
The middle class is claimed to be the ‘bird of gold’. India’s rising middle class is an engine of growth. The rising middle class is both a causal factor behind India’s improved economic and social outcomes growth, education, home ownership, and social security as well as a consequence of the rise in the middle class.
Mehak Jain AIR17 , 2021
Essay Answer copy
Join @Anmolvachan1
@upsc_toppers_essay
Aishwarya Verma AIR 4 CSE 2021
Answer copy
#Answercopy
#GS1
#GS2
#GS3
#GS4
Join @CSE_EXAM
@handwritten_notes1
All the Important Government Schemes form India Year Book, Yojana, Kurukshetra, PIB etc compiled at one place.
CLICK HERE TO JOIN
Q. ‘The emergence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Digital Revolution) has initiated e-Governance as an integral part of government.’ Discuss. (10 marks)
Fourth Industrial Revolution includes development of new digital technologies that has improved the functioning of society. Components include Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Machine Learning etc that have been a recent phenomenon.
▪️Role of fourth industrial revolution in integrating e-governance
✅ Easier access to services: Through digital revolution and technology improvement, access to government services has become easier. Latest technology such as cloud computing have improved connectivity issues that had been plaguing digital governance.
✅ Better policy measures: New technology such as Big Data, Data Mining etc has capacity to identify useful aspects from large datasets. This will allow policy makers to make clear distinction between what is useful for the future. This ensures better policy measures.
✅ Faster resolution of grievances: Artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies have helped in evolution of new grievance resolution techniques such as bots. This has led to faster reduction in public issues.
✅ Transparency: Technology growth has created new opportunities for improving transparency in governance. This includes monitoring misgovernance such as corruption or favouritism.
However, the Fourth Industrial Revolution is facing different challenges like: Poor Internet Connectivity, Digital illiteracy and Issue of security and Privacy . The World Economic Forum has launched a Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0) in India.
Government along with other stakeholders should cooperate effectively to use this opportunity to enhance e-governance under the umbrella of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
diagrams and flowcharts in mains answer writing ✍️
Click here to download
Fetch extra 10-15 marks in each paper of mains
Q. Examine the status of forest resources of India and its resultant impact on climate change. (15 marks)
Indian State of Forest Report (ISFR) survey released in 2019 accounts almost 24.5% of area held by forests. The Government of India has a target of 33% to be reached within the next few years. Key forest resources include Timber, leaves, medicinal plants, food plants and honey etc.
▪️Status of forest resources and impact on climate change:
✅ Pan India degradation of Forests: with respect to quality and acreage. E.g.: north east India showed a decline in first cover.
✅ Large scale deforestation due to commercial activity, mining, clearing for agriculture and development projects.
✅ Marginal increase in Mangrove cover by 88 sq. km. but Sundarbans has seen a decline in mangrove acreage due to shrimp farming and clearing for agriculture.
✅ India intends to create a carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes by 2030 but at present, degradation of forests is doing otherwise.
✅ A report by TERI points at a 1% loss in GDP due to forest degradation.
✅ There has been an increased instance of flooding, water scarcity and man animal conflict pointing to worsening condition of forests
✅ Forests in India support over 250 million people with lives and livelihood.
▪️Steps taken for afforestation:
✅ CAMPA funds to fund National afforestation program
✅ Partnership with Global Institutions on REDD and REDD+
✅ India’s commitments under INDCs and increased mix of renewables in energy basket
✅ Bonn Challenge: Global effort to bring 150 million hectares of degraded and deforested land into restoration by 2020 and 350 million by 2030
Forests provide a host of services- development, regulatory and provisional. Being the 4th most vulnerable country to environmental disasters, Forest Conservation stands as a survival necessity and needs multi-faceted and multi stakeholder action.
The Manual on Ethics, Integrity, and Aptitude by IAS Srushti Deshmukh & IAS Nagarjun Gowda is a complete guide for GS-IV paper of UPSC CSE and State exams.
🔸 Covers the entire syllabus comprehensively yet is concise avoiding irrelevant content.
🔸 Offers a unique answer-writing approach for both Part A & B.
🔸 Supported by real-life examples, anecdotes, thought boxes, Previous year solved case study, and 50 fresh practice case studies based on a 9-year exam trend.
🔸 Developed in consultation with UPSC toppers, filling preparation gaps.
🔸 15/19 questions in GS-IV Mains 2024 were directly covered in the book and 4 indirectly covered.
👉 Buy Now:
Amazon link : https://amzn.to/3TDjsnR
Flipkart link : https://dl.flipkart.com/s/3jWc6GNNNN
👉 Download Sample Copy for Free:
https://www.srushtideshmukhblog.com/files/ugd/c3edd13d52082a5a1d4f89ac02bbdd12d69fe9.pdf
## India's Demographic Dividend: A Double-Edged Sword ⚔️
The Opportunity 📈
India's young and growing population presents a significant demographic dividend, offering a potential for rapid economic growth. However, realizing this potential requires effective policies and investments.
Key Challenges 🚧
* Low Labor Force Participation: Despite a large working-age population, the labor force participation rate remains relatively low.
* Skill Shortage: The workforce lacks adequate skills, hindering productivity and competitiveness.
* Outdated Labor Laws: Complex and outdated labor laws create barriers to business growth and job creation.
* Inefficient Manufacturing: The manufacturing sector, despite being labor-intensive, has not fully leveraged the demographic dividend.
Strategies for Success 🚀
* Skill Development: Investing in skill development programs is essential to equip the workforce with the necessary skills.
* Labor Law Reforms: Modernizing labor laws can create a more conducive environment for businesses and job creation.
* Manufacturing Boost: Promoting growth in the manufacturing sector can absorb a larger portion of the workforce and drive economic development.
* Entrepreneurship: Encouraging entrepreneurship can create new jobs and stimulate innovation.
* Public-Private Partnerships: Collaborating with the private sector can leverage their expertise and resources to address development challenges.
Possible Prelims Question:
* What is the approximate median age of the Indian population?
* A) 25 years
* B) 30 years
* C) 35 years
* D) 40 years
Possible Mains Question:
* Analyze the challenges and opportunities presented by India's demographic dividend. Discuss the strategies that India can adopt to harness this potential for sustainable economic growth and development.
Sevottam Model
✅Sevottam is a generic framework for achieving excellence in public service delivery. It comprises of 3 modules namely:
✅ Citizen’s Charter
✅ Grievance Redressal Mechanism
✅ Capability Building for Service Delivery
✅The first component of the model requires effective charter implementation thereby opening up a channel for receiving citizens’ inputs into the way in which organizations determine service delivery requirements.
✅ The second component of the model, ‘Public Grievance Redress’ requires a good grievance redress system operating in a manner that leaves the citizen more satisfied with how the organization responds to complaints/grievances, irrespective of the final decision.
✅ The third component ‘Excellence in Service Delivery’, postulates that an organization can have an excellent performance in service delivery only if it is managing the key ingredients for good service delivery well and building its own capacity to continuously improve delivery.
#ethics
Join @upsc_ethics_toppers
@Anmolvachan1
Trend of Female Labour Force Participation in India
Credit Platform IAS
Q. Highlight the Central Asian and Greco-Bactrian elements in the Gandhara art (10 marks)
✅ The Gandhara School of art shows Buddha in the symbolic form, not a human form. It was developed between the 1st century BCE and the 7th century CE during Kushan rule, of which Gandhara sculpture was an important part, depicting sculpture of Buddha.
✅The central Asian and Greco-Bactrian elements in the Gandhara art:
▪️Greek Influence:
✅ Hellenistic features like curly hairs, moustaches on face.
✅ Vajrapani protector image.
✅ Muscular body.
✅ Coins with Greek script.
✅ Draperies covering both shoulders.
✅ Stucco plastering.
▪️Roman influence:
✅ Buddha is sometimes presented in Roman motifs like Triton.
✅ Buddha of Gandhara sometimes through a wine scroll.
✅ Buddha in human form is inspired by Roman tradition.
✅ The outer rope of Buddha of Gandhara like Kaya resembles Roman gods.
▪️Central Asian Influence:
✅ Bluish Schist used in Gandhara Art.
✅ Disc shaped halo around the Buddha head.
✅ Buddha presented in human form.
✅ Kharosthi letters on Buddhist inscriptions in Gandhara.
The above influences can be well justified because of the strategic location of Gandhara school. Thus, in this regard it can be claimed that the art that flourished in the Gandhara valleys was a blend of different cultures.
European Travellers in Medieval India
Question: European travellers' accounts in the medieval period have played an important role in shaping our understanding of the empires and people of that period in India. Comment. (Answer in 250 words)
Credit Platform IAS
Q. ‘The emergence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Digital Revolution) has initiated e-Governance as an integral part of government.’ Discuss. (10 marks)
Fourth Industrial Revolution includes development of new digital technologies that has improved the functioning of society. Components include Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Machine Learning etc that have been a recent phenomenon.
▪️Role of fourth industrial revolution in integrating e-governance
✅ Easier access to services: Through digital revolution and technology improvement, access to government services has become easier. Latest technology such as cloud computing have improved connectivity issues that had been plaguing digital governance.
✅ Better policy measures: New technology such as Big Data, Data Mining etc has capacity to identify useful aspects from large datasets. This will allow policy makers to make clear distinction between what is useful for the future. This ensures better policy measures.
✅ Faster resolution of grievances: Artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies have helped in evolution of new grievance resolution techniques such as bots. This has led to faster reduction in public issues.
✅ Transparency: Technology growth has created new opportunities for improving transparency in governance. This includes monitoring misgovernance such as corruption or favouritism.
However, the Fourth Industrial Revolution is facing different challenges like: Poor Internet Connectivity, Digital illiteracy and Issue of security and Privacy . The World Economic Forum has launched a Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0) in India.
Government along with other stakeholders should cooperate effectively to use this opportunity to enhance e-governance under the umbrella of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
:Critically assess the relevance of John Rawls's theory of social justice in the context of India.
✅Original Position and Veil of Ignorance:
Rawls introduces the concept of the "original position," a hypothetical scenario where individuals, under a "veil of ignorance," design the principles of justice without knowledge of their own socio-economic status, talents, or personal attributes.
This thought experiment is intended to ensure that the principles chosen are fair and impartial, as individuals would make decisions that protect their interests regardless of their eventual position in society.
Two Principles of Justice:
Equal Basic Liberties: The first principle asserts that each person should have an equal right to the most extensive basic liberties compatible with similar liberties for others. This includes freedoms such as speech, assembly, and religion.
Difference Principle: The second principle allows for social and economic inequalities only if they are arranged to benefit the least advantaged members of society. This principle seeks to balance the need for economic efficiency and individual freedoms with the goal of improving the welfare of the most disadvantaged.
Justice as Fairness:
Rawls terms his approach "justice as fairness." He argues that a just society is one where social and economic inequalities are structured in a way that they benefit everyone, particularly those who are less fortunate.
The theory emphasizes the importance of fairness and equity in designing social institutions and policies.
Relevance to the Indian Context :
Affirmative Action and Reservations :
India has implemented reservation policies to improve access to education and employment for Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), and Other Backward Classes (OBCs).
These policies align with Rawls's difference principle, which allows for inequalities only if they benefit the least advantaged.
Economic Development Programs :
The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) provides a legal guarantee for at least 100 days of wage employment per year to rural households.
This program reflects the difference principle by aiming to improve the livelihoods of the rural poor, who are among the least advantaged in India.
Social Welfare Schemes
Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) is a government scheme aimed at providing affordable housing to the economically weaker sections (EWS) and low-income groups (LIG) in urban areas.
Health Care Initiatives :
The Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY) provides health insurance coverage of up to ₹5 lakh per family per year for secondary and tertiary hospitalization.
This health care initiative aligns with Rawls’s principles by improving access to essential health services for low-income families, who are often the least advantaged.
Education Reforms
The RTE Act mandates free and compulsory education for children aged 6 to 14 years and aims to improve educational access for marginalized groups.
This act is in line with Rawls’s principle of equal basic liberties, as it ensures that all children, regardless of their socio-economic background, have the right to education.
Criticism and Challenges :