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MCN Update
The following Mains Concise Notes cover the highly important Education theme for Mains 2025
MCN 76 : NEP Progess Review of School Education
MCN 77 : NEP Progress Review of Higher Education
MCN 78 : Regulation of Higher Education
Conext for Relevance :
1. 5 Years of NEP
2. VC Appointments Regulations Issue
3. Delhi - School Fee Regulation Law
4. CBSE Open Book Exam Proposal
5. Niti Aayog Report on Enhancing Higher Education via States and State Public Universities
6. Three Language Issue
MCN Update
The following Mains Concise Notes (MCN) for 2025 cover the following under the Anti Corruption theme :
MCN 70 : RTI, CIC, SIC
MCN 71 : Lokpal
MCN 72 : Whistleblowers Act
Context for Relevance :
1. Data Protection Act amending RTI : Information v Privacy Debate
2. 20 Years to RTI
3. SC staying HC order on including Judges under Lokpal's Jurisdiction
4. PIL filed in SC in 2025 due to high whistleblower deaths in 2024
These areas especially RTI and Lokpal are high priority for Mains 2025.
MCN Update
The following Mains Concise Notes cover all aspects of the Corporate Sector :
MCN 63 : Corporate Governance
MCN 64 : Insider Trading
MCN 65 : Corporate Social Responsibility
Context for Relevance :
1. Top Bank Officials of IndusInd banned by SEBI for Insider Trading
2. SEBI's new compliance guidelines
Thank you.
MCN Update
Moving to Governance & Social Justice collectively, the following Mains Concise Notes cover Non State Actors & Pressure Groups as relevant for 2025
MCN 58 : Self Help Groups
MCN 59 : International Donors
MCN 60 : Pressure Groups
As opposed to Polity, Governance and Social Justice is far more interlinked and cyclical, therefore topics must be chosen very carefully and precisely.
Context for Relevance :
1. Lakhpati Didi Scheme
2. USAID Issue
3. Agri and other Protests.
https://youtu.be/HYivMZlX7Hc
PS : Redoing and reuploading L16 MCM due to audio issues.
MCN Update
Comparative Constitutional Schemes covered under the following Mains Concise Notes for 2025 in the following manner :
MCN 49 : India & US : President
MCN 50 : India & US : Presidential v Parliamentary Form of Govt.
MCN 51 : India, US, UK, France : Forms of Govt & Political Systems
MCN 52 : India, US, UK, France : Federalism
MCN 53 : India, US, UK, France : Separation of Powers
MCN 54 : India, US, UK, France : Judiciary and Judicial System
Context for Releance :
1. US Presidential Elections
2. French Assembly Elections
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To be able to help such incredible institutions pro bono so that students learn better is why we do what we do.
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MCN Update :
The last set of Mains Concise Notes (MCN) for Federalism theme, they contain -
MCN 43 : Governor
MCN 44 : Niti Aayog
MCN 45 : GST
MCN 46 : Federal Models
Context for Relevance :
1. SC judgement on Governor Assent Timelines
2. Niti Aayog completes 10 years in 2025
3. PAC report on GST Reforms
Lecture covering all federalism related MCNs coming right up!
Just to give contemporary context, federalism and related issues have been all over the last year.
Couldn’t type all in the message window so attaching my primary note - all of this to be included in the notes and lectures.
https://youtu.be/RWC6Rg1IPHA?si=Kd0-5Iw5GB78gYBl
From Sainik School to NUJS to a top tier law firm to the civil services, this is a conversation about learning and making the most of what we have.
This isn’t a toppers talk per se, it’s an ordinarily story made extraordinary by doing simple things right :)
MCN Update
These are final set of notes covering all relevant aspects of theme : Judiciary and Dispute Resolution for Mains 2025 :
MCN 33 : Tribunals
MCN 34 : National Green Tribunal
MCN 35 : Gram Nyaylayaya
Relevance for Context :
1. NGT Completed 15 years
2. SC in Jan 2025 seeks data from Ministry on Tribunals Status
3. Gram Nyalayaya never asked before while Lok Adalats was asked in 2024.
A consolidated lecture on Judicial Functioning covering topics of MCN 27-35 coming right up!
MCN Update :
These Mains Concise Notes for Mains 2025 cover :
MCN 27 : Judicial Review
MCN 28 : Judicial Activism & Restraint
MCN 29 : Suo Moto & Complete Justice
Context for Relevance :
1. 75 years of SC
2. SC Judgement on Governor Timelines (Art 142 - Complete Justice)
3. Highest number of suo moto cases taken up by SC in 2024.
(PIL was asked in 2024 hence done concisely this time)
https://youtu.be/-rJVGi1h1mw
Topics covered in Mains Concise Notes MCN 23 - 26 discussed in Lec 11 : Judicial Independence, Structure, Accountability
Thank you.
MCN Update
The following Mains Concise Notes (MCN) for 2025 cover the following under the Digital Governance/Public Service Delivery Theme
MCN 73 : Digital India
MCN 74 : E Governance
MCN 75 : AI Governance
Context for Relevance
1. 10 years of Digital India
2. Aadhar Good Governance Portal Launched
3. 2025 Govt Report on AI Governance
4. India to host AI Impact Summit
Please note : Citizen Charter is a low priority for Mains 2025 as was asked in 2024 and has low repetition frequency, if needed, a detailed note on it in available under pinned CCN Notes on Governance on this(my) channel.
E Governance and related themes have been asked repeatedly and therefore are in constant focus.
Thank you.
MCN Update
These Mains Concise Notes (MCN) for 2025 cover the theme : Role of Civil Services
MCN 66 : Civil Services - Structure
MCN 67 : Civil Services - Role
MCN 68 : Civil Services - Values
MCN 69 : Example Matrix for Civil Services
Context for Relevance :
1. 5 years to Mission Karmayogi
2. 1 crore enrolment landmark on iGot platform
Please note - Civil Services in GS II is asked in a very specific context as per the PYQs, please do not overindulge in this area.
MCN Update
The following Mains Concise Notes (MCN) for 2025 cover -
MCN 61 : Regulatory Governance
MCN 62 : Sectoral Regulators : SEBI, CCI, DGCA
Context for Relevance :
1. Parliamentary Panel on Regulating the Regulators
2. SEBI's new scheme on consultative regulation
3. CCI imposing fine on Meta
4. Recent aircraft crash
https://youtu.be/gEeSJwOMMmA
PS : Redoing and reuploading L16 MCM due to audio issues.
MCN Update :
The final section of Mains Concise Notes on for Polity for 2025 covering the Theme : Closure
MCN 55 : Fundamental Duties
MCN 56 : Transformative Constitutonalism
MCN 57 : Constitutional Morality
Context for Relevance :
1. 75 years to our Constitution
2. Petition seeking enforcement of duties
Lectures and rest MCNs for GS II to follow post!
Thank you.
MCN Update
These Mains Concise Notes cover the theme of Local Self Government for Mains 2025
MCN 47 : Panchayats
MCN 48 : Municipalities
Context for Relevance :
1. Panchayat Advancement Index published in 2025 by MoPR
2. Devolution Index 2024 released in Feb 2025
3. CAG Report on ULB
4. MoPR Panel on elected women representatives
https://youtu.be/VRxrhP8pAN4
Federalism II coming right up immediately after this.
MCN Update
Within the larger theme of Federalism, these Mains Concise Notes cover -
MCN 40 : Emergency
MCN 41 : Fiscal Federalism, Finance Commission, Fiscal Health
MCN 42 : Water Federalism & Inter State Water Disputes
Context for Relevance -
1. 50 years of 1975 Emergency
2. 16th FC to submit report this October, so review of 15th FC and challenges for 16th FC is important
3. RBI released States Fiscal Health Report and Niti Aayog released the Fiscal Health Index
4. 35 years to Cauvery Water Issue, in news again as KN has released some water to TN but would be constructing a dam affecting the issue.
Next set and consolidated lecture coming up!
This theme is best done together, which is releasing notes followed by the lecture.
Thank you.
MCN Update
Moving to the Federalism theme, the following notes cover :
MCN 37 : Essentials and Core Relations
MCN 38 : Centre State Legislative Relations, Doctrines, and Case Laws
MCN 39 : Issues of Repugnancy and Union Dominance
Questions have been asked from these areas previously necesitating the need to compress all relevent information in a single page.
Next set, coming up asap!
Thank you.
MCN Update
This Mains Concise Note (MCN) 36 FULLY contains the topic Separation of Powers.
Please Note :
1. Specfic Issues pertaining to SoP such as Office of Profit, Ordinances, Privileges, Judicial Activism etc already covered.
Context for Relevance :
1. Last direction question asked 5 years ago.
2. 75 years to the Constitution
3. Contemporary developments such as usage of Art 142 etc underline the larger importance of the doctrine of SoP.
4. International Comparison to the done in the forthcoming theme.
MCN Update
The following Mains Concise Notes cover :
MCN 30 : Arbitration & Conciliation Act, 1996
MCN 31 : Mediation Act, 2023
MCN 32 : Comparison of Arbitration, Mediation, Conciliation
Context for Relevance :
1. SC 2025 Landmark Judgement on power of Courts to modify Arbitration Decisions/Awards
2. India's first Mediation Association Launched in 2025 to advance the recently enacted Mediation Act, 2023
3. Last PYQ from these areas in 2015 around similar legal deveopments.
Post this, would be posting MCN on Tribunals with special focus on NGT, Gram Nyayalayays, and Lok Adalats after which a consolidated lecture covering MCN 29 onwards till here.
Thank you.
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MCN Update
The following Mains Concise Notes cover :
MCN 23 : Judicial Indepdence
MCN 24 : Higher Judicial Appointments
MCN 25 : Sub Ordinate Judicial Appointments
MCN 26 : Judicial Discipline & Accountability
With the SC celebrating 75 years, the recent case of a Delhi HC Judge, SC relaxing norms for HC Judges, these areas become important for Mains 2025.
Lecture coming right up!