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UPSC Notes
Civil Services year-wise Seats
CSE 2011.....910
CSE 2012....998
CSE 2013....1228
CSE 2014....1364
CSE 2015 .....1164
CSE 2016......1079
CSE 2017......980
CSE 2018......782
CSE 2019......896
CSE 2020......796
CSE 2021......712
CSE 2022.... 1011
CSE 2023..... 1105
CSE 2024..... 1056
CSE 2025.... 979
CSE 2026.... 933
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*🪄Polar Vortex – Winter Storms in USA*
*💎 What is Polar Vortex?*
♟️ Large, persistent low-pressure cold air mass over Polar Regions
♟️ Contained by Polar-front Jet Stream (separates cold polar & warm tropical air)
*💎 Rotation*
♟️ Counter-clockwise → North Pole
♟️ Clockwise → South Pole
*💎 Formation Factors*
♟️ Strong temperature gradient (pole vs tropics)
♟️ Coriolis force (Earth’s rotation)
♟️ Pressure gradient force
♟️ Jet stream interaction
*💎 Stability Mechanism*
♟️ Strong vortex → Jet stream tight & circular → Cold air locked near poles
♟️ Weak vortex → Jet stream wavy → Cold air spills south (USA winter storms)
*💎 Types*
♟️ Tropospheric PV: 10–15 km (direct weather effects)
♟️ Stratospheric PV: 15–50 km (strongest in winter)
*💎 Impacts*
⚠️ Extreme cold waves in mid-latitudes
♟️ Ozone depletion (esp. Antarctic ozone hole)
♟️ Climate link: Arctic amplification → more instability & frequent cold outbreaks
*💎 India Angle*
⚠️ No direct impact
♟️ Indirect influence via Western Disturbances pushed by Arctic winds.
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*🛡️Directive Principles Of State policy DPSP*
♟️The constitution of India aims to establish not only political democracy but also socioeconomic justice to the people to establish a welfare state.
♟️These provisions are given in Part IV of Indian Constitution.
♟️Directive Principles of state policy are in the form of instructions to the governments at the centre as well as states.
♟️Though these principles are non justiciable, they are fundamental in the governance of the country.
♟️The idea of the Directive Principles of State Policy has been taken from the
Irish Republic .
♟️The Directive Principles of State policy were incorporated in our constitution in order to provide economic justice and to avoid concentration of wealth in the hands of few people.
♟️The constitution covers from Article 36 to 51 as Directive Principles of State
Policy.
♟️They are unique blend of socialistic, liberal, democratic and Gandhian Principles.
♟️They describe as the ‘conscience of the constitution’.
♟️In the “State of Tamil Nadu etc. Vs L.Abu Kavur Bai” case in 1984 , the Supreme court held that although directive principles of State Policy are not enforceable, yet the court should not avoid them.
*India’s Defence Budget 2026–27: Strengthening Security & Self-Reliance 🇮🇳*
🌟 *Key Highlights* 🌟
🛡️ Historic Allocation: *₹7.85 lakh crore defence budget* , highest among all ministries and around 15% higher than 2025.
🚀 Future-Ready Armed Forces: *Over ₹2.19 lakh crore* allocated for modern fighter aircraft, ships, submarines, drones and advanced technologies.
🇮🇳 Boost to Indigenous Industry: *₹1.39 lakh crore reserved for domestic procurement* , with 75% capital acquisition earmarked for Indian manufacturers.
🔬 Innovation Push: *DRDO funding increased to ₹29,100.25 crore* , strengthening defence research and development.
👨✈️ Veterans First: *₹12,100 crore* allocated to ECHS and pensions supporting *over 34 lakh pensioners.*
🏗️ Strategic Infrastructure: *₹7,394 crore for BRO* to expand roads, tunnels, bridges and airfields.
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Highlight of union budget 2026-27
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✍16 Finance Commission --- Devolution Formula.
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UPPCS 2026 STRATEGY by GYAN SIR
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Budget At A Glance 2026-27
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To create a new range of skilled career pathways for our youth, Union Finance Minister Smt. nsitharaman proposed interventions in the following sectors:
👉 Allied Health Professionals (AHPs)
👉Care Ecosystem
👉Hubs for Medical Value Tourism
👉 Set up a NIMHANS-2
👉Strengthen and increase capacities by 50% in District Hospitals by establishing Emergency and Trauma Care Centres.
India’s Animation, Visual Effects, Gaming and Comics (AVGC) sector is a growing industry, projected to require 2 million professionals by 2030. I propose to support the Indian Institute of Creative Technologies, Mumbai in setting up AVGC Content Creator Labs in 15,000 secondary schools and 500 colleges
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In the Union Budget 2026, the government announced plans to build new dedicated freight corridors linking Dangkuni in the east with Surat in the west.
It also said that 20 new national waterways will be made operational over the next five years to encourage cleaner and more eco-friendly transport of goods.
Several initiatives by the Government for large-scale enhancement of public infrastructure, the Government will continue to focus on developing infrastructure in cities with over 5 lakh population (Tier II and Tier III), which have expanded to become growth centres.
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https://x.com/i/status/2019716208355098852
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uppcs 2023 DSP Topper ( Scs Gyan sir student ) Rank 42 Roll number 185483 Arun Parashar
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UPPCS 2024 Main Exam Result Out
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*🛡️Mineral and Energy Resources – Key Points*
*♟️Mineral resources*- Metallic & Non-metallic
*♟️Metallic*- Ferrous (iron ore) & Non-ferrous (copper)
*♟️Non-metallic*- Organic (coal, petroleum) & Inorganic (mica, limestone)
*♟️Exploration by*- GSI, IBM, & State Departments
*💎Mineral Belts in India*
*♟️1. North-Eastern*- iron ore, coal, bauxite
*♟️2. South-Western*- ferrous metals, bauxite
*♟️3. North-Western*- copper, building stones
*♟️Odisha*- largest iron ore & bauxite producer
*♟️Madhya Pradesh & Odisha*- major manganese producers
*♟️Andhra Pradesh*- largest mica producer
*♟️Jharkhand*- highest coal reserves
*♟️Chhattisgarh*- top coal producer
*♟️Rajasthan*- top petroleum producer
*♟️Uranium & Thorium*- vital for nuclear energy
*♟️Renewables*- solar, wind, tidal, geothermal, biogas
*🛡️Cultural Significance of Vijayanagara Empire [14th–16th c.]*
*💎Religious Pluralism*
♟️Patronized Shaiva & Vaishnava sects, Dvaita & Advaita schools.
♟️Boosted Bhakti movement, with temples as centres of devotion.
♟️Encouraged coexistence of Muslims & Christians.
*💎Cultural Revival & Architecture*
♟️Preserved indigenous traditions, commentaries on Vedas.
♟️Built magnificent temples & palaces blending Chalukya, Hoysala, Pandya & Chola styles.
♟️Examples: Virupaksha, Vittala, Hazara Rama Temples (Hampi).
*💎Sculpture & Painting*
♟️Bronze & stone sculptures with royal, religious & mythological themes.
♟️Murals (e.g., Lepakshi) depicting Hindu mythology.
*💎Literature & Music*
♟️Patronized works in Kannada, Telugu, Tamil, Sanskrit (e.g., Tenali Raman, Krishnadevaraya).
♟️Haridasa tradition infused Bhakti into Carnatic music.
*💎Dance*
♟️Innovation in Devadasi Nritya (Bharatanatyam) & early Kuchipudi.
♟️Temple sculptures depict dance poses & mudras.
*🛡️International Labour Organization*
♟️It is an United Nations Agency established in 1919 as part of the Treaty of Versailles that ended World War I, and it became the first specialized agency of the UN in 1946.
♟️It has 187 Member states.
♟️It sets labour standards, develops policies and devises programmes promoting decent work for all women and men.
♟️It is the only tripartite U.N. agency that brings together governments, employers and workers.
♟️It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.
*💎Major Reports*
♟️World Employment and Social Outlook (WESO),
♟️Global Wage Report,
♟️World Social Protection Report,
♟️World Employment and Social Outlook for Youth,
♟️World of Work Report.
Report of the 16th Finance Commission for 2026-31
Report Summary PRS Legislative Research
Summary of union budget 2025-26
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✍According to the Economic Survey 2025-26, Gross NPAs have fallen to 2.2% and Net NPAs to 0.5% of gross advances — the lowest in years, reflecting stronger bank asset quality.
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Budget Speech 2026-27
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Budget 2026-27 Highlights
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launch a Khelo India Mission to transform the Sports sector over the next decade
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I propose to - Set up three new All India Institutes of Ayurveda, Upgrade AYUSH pharmacies and drug testing laboratories to higher certification standards and ensure the availability of more skilled personnel, Upgrade the WHO Global Traditional Medicine Centre in Jamnagar to strengthen evidence-based research, training, and awareness in traditional medicine."
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7 high-speed rail corridors between cities as growth connectors: Mumbai to Pune, Pune to Hyderabad, Hyderabad to Bengaluru, Hyderabad to Chennai, Chennai to Bengaluru, Delhi to Varanasi, Varanasi to Siliguri."
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‘Education to Employment and Enterprise’ Standing Committee to recommend measures that focus on the Services Sector as a core driver of Viksit Bharat. This will make us a global leader in services, with a 10% global share by 2047. The Committee will prioritise areas to optimise the potential for growth, employment and exports. They will also assess the impact of emerging technologies, including AI, on jobs and skill requirements and propose measures thereof.
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