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UPSC Notes
*🛡️Cultural Significance of Vijayanagara Empire [14th–16th c.]*
*💎Religious Pluralism*
♟️Patronized Shaiva & Vaishnava sects, Dvaita & Advaita schools.
♟️Boosted Bhakti movement, with temples as centres of devotion.
♟️Encouraged coexistence of Muslims & Christians.
*💎Cultural Revival & Architecture*
♟️Preserved indigenous traditions, commentaries on Vedas.
♟️Built magnificent temples & palaces blending Chalukya, Hoysala, Pandya & Chola styles.
♟️Examples: Virupaksha, Vittala, Hazara Rama Temples (Hampi).
*💎Sculpture & Painting*
♟️Bronze & stone sculptures with royal, religious & mythological themes.
♟️Murals (e.g., Lepakshi) depicting Hindu mythology.
*💎Literature & Music*
♟️Patronized works in Kannada, Telugu, Tamil, Sanskrit (e.g., Tenali Raman, Krishnadevaraya).
♟️Haridasa tradition infused Bhakti into Carnatic music.
*💎Dance*
♟️Innovation in Devadasi Nritya (Bharatanatyam) & early Kuchipudi.
♟️Temple sculptures depict dance poses & mudras.
*🛡️International Labour Organization*
♟️It is an United Nations Agency established in 1919 as part of the Treaty of Versailles that ended World War I, and it became the first specialized agency of the UN in 1946.
♟️It has 187 Member states.
♟️It sets labour standards, develops policies and devises programmes promoting decent work for all women and men.
♟️It is the only tripartite U.N. agency that brings together governments, employers and workers.
♟️It is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.
*💎Major Reports*
♟️World Employment and Social Outlook (WESO),
♟️Global Wage Report,
♟️World Social Protection Report,
♟️World Employment and Social Outlook for Youth,
♟️World of Work Report.
Report of the 16th Finance Commission for 2026-31
Report Summary PRS Legislative Research
Summary of union budget 2025-26
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✍According to the Economic Survey 2025-26, Gross NPAs have fallen to 2.2% and Net NPAs to 0.5% of gross advances — the lowest in years, reflecting stronger bank asset quality.
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Budget Speech 2026-27
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Budget 2026-27 Highlights
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launch a Khelo India Mission to transform the Sports sector over the next decade
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I propose to - Set up three new All India Institutes of Ayurveda, Upgrade AYUSH pharmacies and drug testing laboratories to higher certification standards and ensure the availability of more skilled personnel, Upgrade the WHO Global Traditional Medicine Centre in Jamnagar to strengthen evidence-based research, training, and awareness in traditional medicine."
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7 high-speed rail corridors between cities as growth connectors: Mumbai to Pune, Pune to Hyderabad, Hyderabad to Bengaluru, Hyderabad to Chennai, Chennai to Bengaluru, Delhi to Varanasi, Varanasi to Siliguri."
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‘Education to Employment and Enterprise’ Standing Committee to recommend measures that focus on the Services Sector as a core driver of Viksit Bharat. This will make us a global leader in services, with a 10% global share by 2047. The Committee will prioritise areas to optimise the potential for growth, employment and exports. They will also assess the impact of emerging technologies, including AI, on jobs and skill requirements and propose measures thereof.
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The Union Finance Minister proposed an outlay of ₹20,000 crore over the next 5 years in Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) technologies to scale up and achieve higher readiness levels in end-use applications across.
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✔️2 New Ramsar sites Unlocked.
🔹1. Patna bird sanctuary - Etah, UP (NOT Bihar)
🔹2. Chhari-Dhand , Kutch, Gujarat.
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*India’s Defence Budget 2026–27: Strengthening Security & Self-Reliance 🇮🇳*
🌟 *Key Highlights* 🌟
🛡️ Historic Allocation: *₹7.85 lakh crore defence budget* , highest among all ministries and around 15% higher than 2025.
🚀 Future-Ready Armed Forces: *Over ₹2.19 lakh crore* allocated for modern fighter aircraft, ships, submarines, drones and advanced technologies.
🇮🇳 Boost to Indigenous Industry: *₹1.39 lakh crore reserved for domestic procurement* , with 75% capital acquisition earmarked for Indian manufacturers.
🔬 Innovation Push: *DRDO funding increased to ₹29,100.25 crore* , strengthening defence research and development.
👨✈️ Veterans First: *₹12,100 crore* allocated to ECHS and pensions supporting *over 34 lakh pensioners.*
🏗️ Strategic Infrastructure: *₹7,394 crore for BRO* to expand roads, tunnels, bridges and airfields.
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Highlight of union budget 2026-27
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✍16 Finance Commission --- Devolution Formula.
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UPPCS 2026 STRATEGY by GYAN SIR
Uppcs 2025 Prelims questions from SCS GYAN SIR BATCH = /channel/studyforcivilservices/51325
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Budget At A Glance 2026-27
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To create a new range of skilled career pathways for our youth, Union Finance Minister Smt. nsitharaman proposed interventions in the following sectors:
👉 Allied Health Professionals (AHPs)
👉Care Ecosystem
👉Hubs for Medical Value Tourism
👉 Set up a NIMHANS-2
👉Strengthen and increase capacities by 50% in District Hospitals by establishing Emergency and Trauma Care Centres.
India’s Animation, Visual Effects, Gaming and Comics (AVGC) sector is a growing industry, projected to require 2 million professionals by 2030. I propose to support the Indian Institute of Creative Technologies, Mumbai in setting up AVGC Content Creator Labs in 15,000 secondary schools and 500 colleges
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In the Union Budget 2026, the government announced plans to build new dedicated freight corridors linking Dangkuni in the east with Surat in the west.
It also said that 20 new national waterways will be made operational over the next five years to encourage cleaner and more eco-friendly transport of goods.
Several initiatives by the Government for large-scale enhancement of public infrastructure, the Government will continue to focus on developing infrastructure in cities with over 5 lakh population (Tier II and Tier III), which have expanded to become growth centres.
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Recognising MSMEs as a vital engine of growth, FM Smt. nsitharaman proposed a three pronged approach to help them grow as ‘Champions’:
👉Equity support
👉Liquidity support
👉Professional support
*🛡️Dibru-Saikhowa National Park*
♟️DSNP is a national park in Assam located in Dibrugarh and Tinsukia districts.
♟️It was designated a Biosphere Reserve in July 1997 with an area of 765 sq. km.
♟️The park is bounded by the Brahmaputra and Lohit Rivers in the north and the Dibru river in the south.
♟️It mainly consists of moist mixed semi-evergreen forests, moist mixed deciduous forests, canebrakes, and grasslands.
♟️It is the largest Salix swamp forest in north-eastern India, with a tropical monsoon climate with a hot and wet summer and cool and usually dry winter.
✅ India’s Nuclear Energy Vision
🇮🇳 Target: 100 GW Installed Nuclear Capacity by 2047.
⚡ Current Installed Capacity: ~8.8 GW
📈 Growth: ~71% increase since 2014
🔹 Part of India’s long-term clean energy & energy security strategy
🔹 Supports Net-Zero by 2070 commitment.
🇮🇳 India’s First Sovereign Artificial Intelligence Park
🔹 State: Tamil Nadu
🔹 MoU Signed: January 2026
🔹 Partner: Sarvam AI
🔹 Location: Chennai
🔹 Investment: ₹10,000 crore
✅ Key Feature: India’s first Sovereign AI Park Conceptualised as a “Full-Stack AI District”
Economics Survey 2025-26
Key Highlights
Hindi
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