179592
UPSC Notes
*🛡️Pattachitra Painting*
*💎Origin*
♟️Pattachitra (Sanskrit: pata = cloth, chitra = picture) refers to scroll painting traditions from:
⚜️Odisha – associated with Jagannath cult (esp. Puri)
⚜️West Bengal – distinct regional form
*💎Themes*
♟️Mythological and devotional depictions:
⚜️Jagannath, Krishna Leela, Hindu gods & goddesses
⚜️Episodes from Puranas and Vaishnava lore
*💎Technique*
♟️Painted on:
⚜️Treated cloth (coated with chalk-gum paste, polished)
⚜️Palm leaves (in some variations)
♟️Natural pigments: vegetable & mineral-based
♟️Artists are known as Chitrakars
*💎Stylistic Features*
♟️Bold black outlines, rich natural colors:
⚜️Red, yellow, blue, green, white
♟️Characteristic elements:
⚜️Almond-shaped eyes, ornate jewelry, compact storytelling
⚜️Intricate decorative borders
*💎Note*
♟️A key form of narrative visual storytelling deeply linked to temple rituals, especially Rath Yatra in Puri.
*🛡️Bhakti Saint & their time Period*
♟️Shankara (788 - 820 AD)
♟️Ramanuja (1017-1137 A.D)
♟️Basava (12th Century)
♟️Madhva (1238-1319 AD)
♟️Ramanada (15th century)
♟️Kabir (1440-1510 AD)
♟️Chaitanya (1468-1533 AD)
♟️Guru Nanak Dev (1469-1538 AD)
♟️Purandara (15th century)
♟️Dadu Dayal (1544-1603 AD)
♟️Surdas (1483-1563 AD)
♟️Vallabhacharya (1479-1531 AD)
♟️Shankaradeva (1499-1569 AD)
♟️Mirabai (1498-1563 AD)
♟️Haridas (1478-1573 AD)
♟️Tulasidas (1532-1623 AD)
♟️Namdeva (1270-1309 AD)
♟️Jnanesvar (1275-1296 AD)
♟️Eknath (1533-1599AD)
♟️Tukaram (1608?- 1650AD).
*🔆Keywords in Preamble*
Trick- DR. Sushant Singh Saini
was fond of JaLEBI
✅D- Democratic
✅R- Republic
✅S- Sovereign
✅S- Social
✅S- Secular
✅J-Justice
✅L-Liberty
✅E-Equality
✅B-Brotherhood-word used in the preamble is ‘fraternity’
✅I-Integrity
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*🛡️Retired Judge*
♟️At any time, the chief justice of India can request a retired judge of the Supreme Court or a retired judge of a high court (who is duly qualified for appointment as a judge of the Supreme Court) to act as a judge of the Supreme Court for a temporary period.
♟️He can do so only with the previous consent of the president and also of the person to be so appointed.
♟️Such a judge is entitled to such allowances as the president may determine.
♟️He will also enjoy all the jurisdiction, powers and privileges of a judge of Supreme Court. But, he will not otherwise be deemed to be a judge of the Supreme Court.
*🛡️Sixth Schedule*
♟️Provides power to tribal communities to administer tribal areas in Assam, Tripura, Meghalaya, And Mizoram under art 244 (2) and art 275 (1) of the constitution.
*💎Advantages*
♟️Democratic devolution of powers
♟️Preserves and promotes distinct culture of region
♟️Protect agrarian rights such as land
♟️Enhance transfer of funds
*💎Issues*
♟️Limited geographical coverage
♟️Financial mismanagement and rampant corruption
♟️Financial dependency over state authority
♟️Conflicts over consultation between governor and council of ministers
♟️Lack authority of resources for implementing schemes like mgnrega.
♟️Lack of codification of customary laws
♟️Lack of skilled professionals.
♟️Creation of elected village councils
♟️Regular election by state election commission
♟️Recognize gram sabha under laws
♟️Bring transparency in planning, implementation, and monitoring of developmental programmes.
*🛶Bhima River⛵*
🌊The Bhima River (also known as the Chandrabagha River) is a major river in southwest India.
🌊It is a major tributary of the Krishna River.
*💧Course*
🌊It originates in the Bhimashankar hills near Karjat on the western side of the Western Ghats, inthe Pune District of Maharashtra.
🌊Bhima flows southeast through the states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Telangana.
🌊The Bhima River merges into the Krishna River at Kadlur (Raichur) in Karnataka.
🌊This 861 km-long river has the Western Ghats on the west, the Balaghat Range in the north, and the Mahadeo Hills in the south.
🌊It runs in a well-entrenched valley, and its banks are heavily populated.
🌊The total basin area of the river is 48,631 sq. km, out of which 75 percent lie in the state of Maharashtra.
🌊The river is rain-fed, and the volume of the river varies based on the monsoonal changes.
🌊Major tributaries are the Sina and Nira rivers.
🌊Pandharpur is an important pilgrimage centre located on the right bank of Bhima River.
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*🛡️LEADER OF THE HOUSE*
♟️Under the Rules of Lok Sabha, the ‘Leader of the House’ means the prime minister, if he is a member of the Lok Sabha, or a minister who is a member of the Lok Sabha and is nominated by the prime minister to function as the Leader of the House.
♟️There is also a ‘Leader of the House’ in the Rajya Sabha. He is a minister and a member of the Rajya Sabha and is nominated by the prime minister to function as such.
♟️The leader of the house in either House is an important functionary and exercises direct influence on the conduct of business. He can also nominate a deputy leader of the House. The same functionary in USA is known as the ‘majority leader’.
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With Prelims 2026 approaching, Kamaraj IAS Academy is launching a special 75-Day Strategy Initiative – Prelude to Prelims 2026 designed to help aspirants focus on what truly matters for the examination.
Over the next 75 days, we will provide subject-wise smart analysis of expected areas of questions.
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*🛡️Tricks to remember important Vanilla Countries in Indian Ocean*
*💎Trick:- MalSy Gone Mad at MauRya*
*♟️Mal = Mayotte*
*♟️Sy = Seychelles*
*♟️Gone = cone =Comoros*
*♟️Mad = Madagascar*
*♟️Mau = Mauritius*
*♟️Rya = Reunion island*
*♟️Maldives is no more member of Vanilla Islands.*
*🛡️Green Hydrogen Hubs – MNRE*
*💎Recognised Ports:-*
♟️Deendayal (Gujarat)
♟️V.O. Chidambaranar (Tamil Nadu)
♟️Paradip (Odisha)
*💎Purpose:-* Boost clean fuel innovation, green investments & industrial participation.
*💎About NGHM (National Green Hydrogen Mission):-*
*♟️Launch:-* Jan 2023
*♟️Goal:-* Make India a Global Hub for Green Hydrogen production, use & export.
*♟️Target:-* 5 MMT Green Hydrogen/year by 2030.
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*🛡️Impact of a Falling Rupee*
💎 *Mnemonic:-* "CRISIS"-- Rupee Depreciation Triggers an Economic CRISIS!
*♟️C- Costlier Imports*- Crude oil, electronics, and raw materials become expensive.
*♟️R- Rising Inflation-* Businesses pass higher import costs to consumers.
*♟️I- Investor Flight-* Foreign investors withdraw capital from Indian markets.
*♟️S- Shrinking Export Gains-* Inflation-driven input costs negate export benefits.
*♟️I- Increasing Debt Burden-* Foreign debt becomes expensive, raising repayment costs.
*♟️S- Stock Market Volatility-* Economic uncertainty reduces foreign investments.
*Hit 👍❤️👌 To Appreciate our Consistent Efforts.*
*🛡️Important Conferences Related to Environment*
♟️Ramsar Convention - 1971
♟️Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora - 1973
♟️Montreal Protocol - 1987
♟️Vienna Convention - 1988
♟️Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) - 1992
♟️United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) - 1992
♟️Basel Convention - 1989
♟️Rio Summit - 1992
♟️Stockholm Convention - 2001
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety - 2000
♟️UN-REDD - 2008
♟️Nagoya Protocol - 2010
♟️Minamata Convention - 2013
♟️United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) - 1994
♟️Kyoto Protocol - 1997
♟️Rotterdam Convention - 1998
*🛡️List of Foreign Travellers Visited VIJAYANAGARA*
*♟️Abu Abdullah/ lbn Batuta (Book:Rihla) -* Morocco - Harihara I
*♟️Nicolo de Conti -* Italy - Devaraya-II
*♟️Abdur Razzaq -* Persia - Devaraya-II
*♟️Athanasius Nikitin -* Russia - Virupaksha Raya II
*♟️Ludvico de Vorthema -* Italy - Krishna Deva Raya
*♟️Duarte Barbosa -* Portugal - Krishna Deva Raya
*♟️Dominigo Paes -* Portugal - Krishna Deva Raya
*♟️Fernao Nuniz -* Portugal - Achyuta Deva Raya
*♟️Marco Polo -* Venice - Achyuta Deva Raya
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*🛡️Major Ports on Eastern Coast*
*♟️1) Tutocorin (Tamil Nadu):-* artificial port located in Gulf of Mannar, all-weather port, trades in fertilizers and petrochemical products
*♟️2) Chennai (Tamil Nadu):-* artificial port, India's second busiest port
*♟️3) Ennore (Tamil Nadu):-* India's first corporatised port
*♟️4) Vishakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh):-* deepest port of India, deals with the export of iron ore to Japan, with ship-building and fixing facilities
*♟️5) Paradip (Odisha):-* natural harbour, deals with the export of Iron and Aluminum
*♟️6) Haldia (West Bengal):-* riverine port, situated on Hugli River, known as Diamond Harbour, formed to relieve pressure on Kolkata port
*♟️7) Kolkata (West Bengal):-* riverine port, oldest operating port in India, constructed by British East India Company, trades in jute, tea, coal and steel.
Hcs 2026 CUTOFF nikalne ki last days strategy,
most important topics full Study plan By GYAN SIR
https://x.com/i/status/2033020216364646428
Читать полностью…
With Prelims 2026 approaching, Kamaraj IAS Academy is launching a special 75-Day Strategy Initiative – Prelude to Prelims 2026 designed to help aspirants focus on what truly matters for the examination.
Over the next 75 days, we will provide subject-wise smart analysis of expected areas of questions.
📚 Carefully curated exam-oriented content
🔗 Trend analysis based on previous year questions
🔗 Concept clarity with current affairs integration
📖 Revise, analyze, and master the most expected areas of questions.
📌 Through our Telegram channel, aspirants will receive exclusive content, daily updates, and focused preparation materials to strengthen their Prelims preparation.
🗓 Prepare Smart. Stay Consistent. Achieve Success.
Let these 75 days become the turning point in your UPSC journey. 📩 Regularly follow our Telegram channel - t.me/kamarajias