6226
This page will share GK & Current Affairs Updates Daily. UPSC | KPSC | IAS | IPS | NTPC | SSC | IBPS
🔘Sahyadri Tiger Reserve (STR)
Report of the Sahyadri Tiger Reserve (STR) water hole census has been released recently, and a total of 374 animals from 18 wild species of animals and birds were recorded.
◾️Sahyadri Tiger Reserve (STR) is located in the Sahyadri Ranges of Western Ghats in Maharashtra.
◾️It combines the Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary and the Chandoli National Park in the southern part of Maharashtra.
◾️The region of the Sahyadri Tiger Reserve includes the area around the Koyna Dam, Warna River and many other small rivers and streams originating from the Western Ghats and flowing to the east.
◾️Vegetation: Evergreen, semi-evergreen and moist deciduous forests.
◾️The habitat of Sahyadri is composed of woodlands, grasslands and plateau, the latter locally referred to as “Sadaa”, which are lateritic in nature with considerable habitat value.
◾️The Tiger Reserve is home to the endangered species of top carnivores such as the Tiger, Wild dog, and Leopard.
📮30 May
🗞Hindi Journalism Day
हिन्दी पत्रकारिता दिवस
🗞The first newspaper in the Hindi language called 'Udanta Martand' was taken out on 30 May 1826 published every Tuesday by Pt. Jugal Kishore Shukla from Calcutta.
🗞 First newspaper of India Hicky’s Bengal Gazette English newspaper started in January 1780
〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰
❇️ 30 MAY
🏝36th Statehood day of Goa was celebrated on May 30.
🏝On May 30, 1987, Goa became the 25th state of the Indian Union. Earlier it was a union territory with Daman and Diu from 19 December 1961 to 30 May 1987.
🏝GOA liberation Day - 19 December 1961
🟢 NEWS
🔶 Green Goa, Clean Goa’ initiative under Swacch Bharat Abhiyan
🔷 Goan Writer Damodar Mauzo Gets 57th Jnanpith Award
🔶 Goa Signed MoU With Uttarakhand For Strengthening Tourism Cooperation
🔷 Foreigner Ministers Of SCO Member Countries Meet In Goa
🔶 Government Of Goa Launched Vision For All School Eye Health Program
🔘Jivhala Scheme
In News
Jivhala scheme offers loans to Yerwada jail inmates in Maharashtra.
About
◾️Jivhala scheme is a loan scheme named Jivhala launched by the Maharashtra Department of Prisons.
◾️It is for the inmates who are serving sentences in various jails across Maharashtra.
◾️The scheme, was implemented by the Department of Prisons and Maharashtra State Cooperative Bank.
◾️It has been started in Pune’s Yerawada Central Jail.
◾️The credit scheme, named Jivhala, means affection in Marathi.
◾️It is primarily for inmates who are undergoing a prison sentence of more than three years.
◾️In the initial phase of this scheme, a Rs 50,000 loan will be given.
◾️The interest rate that will be applicable is 7%.
◾️Out of the interest that will be earned by the bank, 1 per cent will be contributed by the bank to the prisoners’ welfare fund.
◾️For issuing this loan no guarantor or mortgage is required
About Sengol:
Why in News ?
- 'Sengol' to be installed in new Parliament building.
It was Made of silver and gold, a five-feet long sceptre was handed over by Lord Mountbatten to Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru on August 14, 1947 as a symbol of transfer of power.
Major west flowing rivers in India
1-Narmada River
2-Tapi River
3-Luni River
4-Sabarmati River
5-Mahi River
6-Zuari River: It is a river of Goa.
7-Periyar River, It is the longest river in the state of Kerala.
🔘Basohli Painting
In News
The world-famous Basohli Painting which is popular for its miniature art style from Kathua district of Jammu has obtained the Geographical Indication (GI) Tag.
About
◾️Basholi paintings originated in the Basholi region of Jammu and Kashmir.
◾️It is a reputed school of miniature paintings known for its vivid, evocative colours, bold lines, and deep-set facial patterns.
◾️It is considered the first school of Pahari paintings.
◾️The Basholi painting style flourished during the 17th and 18th centuries under the patronage of local rulers and wealthy merchants.
◾️Colours used: Ochre yellow, brown, and green grounds predominating.
◾️The figures in the paintings are shown clad in rich costumes, stylised faces and large bulging eyes lent unique individuality to these paintings.
◾️Themes: The portraits of local rulers, Radha-Krishna, and Madhava-Malati love themes and themes from the Bhagavata Purana.
◾️These are painted on paper, cloth, or wood using natural pigments and dyes.
🔘Kishtwar National Park
In News
Snow Leopards spotted in Jammu & Kashmir’s Kishtwar National Park.
About
◾️The presence of the elusive snow leopards in Jammu and Kashmir’s Kishtwar High Altitude National Park has been confirmed by a research team of Department of Wildlife Protection through camera trap.
◾️Attributed as one of the seven snow leopard reserves under a project launched by Central Government, the Kishtwar High Altitude National Park lies in Doda District, about 40km north-east of Kishtwar Town.
◾️The park was established to conserve the snow leopard species, its prey populations and its fragile mountain habitat.
◾️Spread over an area of 400 sq km the park was declared a national park on 4 February 1981.
◾️With Rinnay River in the north, KibarNala catchment in the south, the Great Himalayas in the east and Marwa River in the west, the area lies in the Central Crystalline belt of the Great Himalayas.
◾️The altitude of the park ranges from 1700m to 4800m.
■ FACTORS AFFECT SOIL FORMATION IN INDIA.
#Soil
1. PARENT MATERIAL.
◇ The rocks from which soils are formed are called parent materials.
◇ In most of the cases, the parent material determines the colouration, mineral composition and texture of the soil.
◇ In some cases, the soil formed may or may not have the same physical properties as the parent rock.
◇ Climatic factors induce chemical changes which also affect the physical properties of the soil.
◇ The surface rocks are exposed to the process of weathering. In this process, the rocks are converted into fine grains and provide a base for the soil formation.
◇ In Indian Conditions, parent material is generally categorized into :-
1. Ancient crystalline and metamorphic rocks.
2. Cuddapah and Vindhyan rocks.
3. Gondwana rocks.
4. Deccan basalts.
5. Tertiary and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks of extra peninsular India {Rock System}.
🌀 Important History Questions 🌀
==============================
🔘 Kalibangan in Rajasthan, Lothal in Gujarat, Ropar in Punjab and Mohenjodaro in Pakistan are important sites of which ancient civilization?
➨ Indus Valley Civilization.
🔘 Which ancient civilization existed between 2350 BC and 1750 BC?
➨ Indus Valley Civilization.
🔘 Vedic period existed between?
➨ 1500 and 600 BC
🔘 The four vedas are?
➨ Rig veda, Sam veda, Yajur veda and Atharva veda.
🔘 'Satyameva Jayate' is taken from?
➨ Mundaka Upanishad.
🔘 Name the Kshatriya Prince who later came to be known as 'Buddha'?
➨ Siddhartha.
🔘 Where was Gautam Buddha born in the year 567 BC?
➨ Lumbini in Kapilavastu (Nepal).
🔘 Where did Gautam Buddha attained enlightenment?
➨ under pipal tree at Bodh Gaya.
🔘 Where did Gautam Buddha delivered his first sermon?
➨ Sarnath in U.P.
🔘 Where did Gautam Buddha died?
➨ Kushinagar in U.P.
🔘 The religious book of Buddhism is?
➨ Triptikas.
🔘 Where was Vardhamana Mahavira born?
➨ Kundagrama in 540 BC.
🔘 Vardhamana Mahavira died at?
➨ Pavapuri (present day Bihar).
🔘 Religious book of Jainism?
➨ Agam (in pali language).
🔘 Triratna concept (right knowledge, right faith and right conduct) are major teachings of?
➨ Jainism.
🥳 Famous Tribes of the World 🥳
==============================
🔹 Abhors tribe➖Arunachal Pradesh and Assam
🔹 Afridis tribe➖Pakistan
🔹 Akuntsu (Akunt'su or Akunsu) tribe➖Brazil
🔹 Awa tribe➖Brazil
🔹 Batak tribe➖Indonesia
🔹 Bantus tribe➖Africa
🔹 Berbers tribe➖Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia
🔹 Boers tribe➖South Africa
🔹 Bindibu tribe➖Western Australia
🔹 Cossacks tribe➖Russia
🔹 Eskimos tribe➖Greenland, Canada
🔹 Flemings tribe➖Belgium
🔹 Gaucho tribe➖Uruguay, Argentina
🔹 Hamits tribe➖Africa
🔹 Jarawas tribe➖Andaman and Nicobar Islands
🔹 Korowai tribe➖Papua (New Guinea)
🔹 Kyrgyz (Kirghiz) tribe➖Central Asia
🔹 Kikuyu tribe➖Kenya
🔹 Kurds (Kurdish) tribe➖Iraq
🔹 Magyars tribe➖Hungary
🔹 Maoris tribe➖New Zealand
🔹 Masai tribe➖East Africa
🔹 Negroes tribe➖Africa
🔹 Papuans tribe➖New Guinea
🔹 Pygmies tribe➖Congo Basin (Africa)
🔹 Red Indians tribe➖North America
🔹 Sentinelese tribe➖Andaman and Nicobar Islands
🔹 Veddas tribe➖Sri Lanka
🔹 Zulus tribe➖South Africa
🔹 Zoe tribe➖Brazil
Polity: The Making of the Indian Constitution.
Читать полностью…
■ POWER AND FUNCTION OF ELECTION COMMISSION:
◇ To determine the territorial areas of the electoral constituencies throughout the country on the basis of the Delimitation Commission Act of Parliament.
◇ To prepare and periodically revise electoral rolls and to register all eligible voters.
◇ To notify the dates and schedules of elections and to scrutinise nomination papers.
◇ To grant recognition to political parties and allot election symbols to them.
◇ To act as a court for settling disputes related to granting of recognition to political parties and allotment of election symbols to them.
◇ To appoint officers for inquiring into disputes relating to electoral arrangements.
◇ To determine the code of conduct to be observed by the parties and the candidates at the time of elections.
◇ To prepare a roster for publicity of the policies of the political parties on radio and TV in times of elections.
◇ To advise the president on matters relating to the disqualifications of the members of Parliament.
◇ To advise the governor on matters relating to the disqualifications of the members of state legislature.
◇ To cancel polls in the event of rigging, booth capturing, violence and other irregularities.
◇ To request the president or the governor for requisitioning the staff necessary for conducting elections.
◇ To supervise the machinery of elections throughout the country to ensure free and fair elections.
◇ To advise the president whether elections can be held in a state under president’s rule in order to extend the period of emergency after one year.
◇ To register political parties for the purpose of elections and grant them the status of national or state parties on the basis of their poll performance.
🔘Monlam Chenmo Festival
In News
The annual five-day-long ‘Monlam Chenmo’ Festival, began recently in Ladakh.
About
◾️Monlam Chenmo is an annual five-day-long Great Prayer Festival of Ladakh.
◾️It is a mass prayer camp by Buddhist monks and nuns for world peace and happiness.
◾️The annual Mass Prayer is resuming this year after three years of discontinuation due to Covid.
◾️The event is being organised by the All Ladakh Gonpa Association.
◾️It is a major annual prayer of the Sangha Community of Ladakh gathered at one platform.
◾️The Festival falls on the 21st to 25th days of the third month of the Tibetan lunar calendar.
◾️It is being held since 1991.
Mediterranean Sea:
▪️ France reinforced naval forces in Mediterranean Sea mid tensions between neighbours Greece and Turkey over recently-discovered gas reserves.
▪️ The countries surrounding the Mediterranean in clockwise order are Spain, France, Monaco, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Albania, Greece, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco;
▪️ Malta and Cyprus are island countries in the sea.
▪️ In addition, the Gaza Strip and the British Overseas Territories of Gibraltar and Akrotiri and Dhekelia have coastlines on the sea.
▪️ The Mediterranean Sea connects to the Atlantic Ocean by the Strait of Gibraltar in the west & to the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea by the Straits of the Dardanelles and the Bosporus respectively, in the east
▪️ The 163 km long artificial Suez Canal in the southeast connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea.
Biosphere Reserves in India:
credits: The Indian Express
Trick to Remember ASEAN Countries:
Trick: MBBS PTV LIC
(Those who pass MBBS watch PTV and buy LIC policy)
M- Malaysia
B- Brunei
B- Burma
S- Singapore
P- Phillipines
T- Thailand
V- Vietnam
L- Laos
I- Indonesia
C- Cambodia
Total= 10 countries
🏆 16TH INDIAN PREMIER LEAGUE
🏟 Hosted By - India
🕹 Title Sponsor - TATA
🥇 Winner - Chennai Super King (5th time)
🥈 Runner-up - Gujarat Titans
🟣 Purple Cap (Most Wickets) - Mohammed Shami (28 wickets)
🟠 Orange Cap (Most Run) - Shubman Gill (890 Runs)
🏌♀ Super striker of the season: Glenn Maxwell (strike rate of 183.49)
🎯 Game changer of the season: Shubman Gill
🎖 Most valuable player of the season: Shubman Gill
🏵 Fairplay Award: Delhi Capitals
🔘The Aadhaar-enabled Payment System (AePS)
In News
The Aadhaar-enabled Payment System (AePS) in India has recently faced exploitation by cybercriminals, leading to unauthorized access to users’ bank accounts.
About
◾️The AePS is a bank-led model that allows online interoperable financial transactions at Point of Sale (PoS) or micro-ATMs through the Business Correspondent (BC) of any bank using the Aadhaar authentication.
◾️It was taken up by the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) – a joint initiative of Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and Indian Banks’ Association (IBA).
◾️The AePS is meant to provide easy and secure access to banking services for the poor and marginalized sections of society, especially in rural and remote areas.
◾️It eliminates the need for OTPs, bank account details, and other financial information.
◾️Transactions can be carried out with only the bank name, Aadhaar number, and captured fingerprint during Aadhaar enrollment.
🔘Sea Butterflies
In News
The population of the sea butterflies in the Southern Ocean is shrinking due to climate change, making them extremely vulnerable.
About
◾️Sea butterflies, scientific name Thecosomata, are a suborder of sea snails known as shelled pteropods.
◾️They are found in all oceans but are more diverse and abundant in colder waters.
◾️Sea butterflies have bilateral symmetry and a coiled or uncoiled shell of various shapes and sizes.
Their shell is mostly transparent and very fragile and can be easily dissolved by ocean acidification.
◾️They have a pair of wing-like lobes or parapodia for propulsion and a head with eyes, tentacles, and a mouth with a long proboscis to capture prey.
◾️They are a major food source for many fish, seabirds, whales, and other marine animals.
◾️They also play a key role in transporting carbon from the surface to the deep ocean through their shells and fecal pellets.
#River_India
YAMUNA RIVER
▪️ Longest and Western-most tributary of Ganges.
▪️ Source - Yamunotri Glacier in westernslopes of Banderpunch.
▪️ It makes boundary between Delhi and Haryana.
▪️ It passes through Delhi, Mathura, Agra and flows southward till joins Ganges in Prayagraj.
▪️ It creates highly fertile Alluvial, Yamuna-Ganges Doab region.
▪️ Important Tributaries of Yamuna - Chambal, Betwa, ken and Tons.
🔆 Pantanal Wetland
✅ Brazilian scientists warn that Pantanal wetland is at risk of collapse.
✅ Pantanal Wetland of the South America is the world's largest wetland.
✅This is a freshwater wetland spans for more than 179,000 km2 in Brazil, Paraguay and Bolivia.
✅It consists of highest concentrations of flora and fauna in South America.
✅ Most of its land is used for traditional cattle ranching and fishing by local communities and sport fishers, with relatively little impact on its ecosystems.
✅ This wetland is at risk of collapse due to a series of local and seemingly minor decisions that fail to account for their cumulative impact on one of Earth's most biodiverse ecosystems.
✅ In 2000, it was inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List.
✅ Threat- Climate change, deforestation in Amazon rainforest and severe drought and massive fires.
▪️Isle of Wight
✅ Palaeontologists have found the skeletal remains of the Europe's largest meat-eating dinosaur on Isle of Wight.
✅Meat-eating Dinosaur - This dinosaur belonged to the spinosaur group of dinosaurs.
✅ It is considered as the longest-known dinosaur predator.
✅ It lived during the Cretaceous Period.
✅ Isle of Wight - It is the largest and second-most populous island of England.
✅It is part of the historic county of Hampshire.
✅ The island lies off the south coast of England in the English Channel.
✅ It is separated from the mainland by a deep strait known as the Solent.
✅ The administrative centre of the unitary authority of the Isle of Wight
is Newport.
✅The backbone of the island is formed by a chalk ridge that extends across the entire breadth of the island, from Culver Cliff in the east to the Needles in the west.
✅It is designated a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.
Rhododendrons
✅As per the recent Botanical Survey of India (BSI) publication; Darjeeling and Sikkim Himalayas are home to more than one-third of all types of rhododendrons found in India
About Rhododendrons:
✅Name: Rhododendron meaning rose tree in Greek
✅Ecological Significance: It is considered an indicator species for climate change
✅Nature: Evergreen to Deciduous in nature (can be in form of dwarf shrubs to large trees)
✅Threats: Rampant construction
✅Habitat: Cold, moist deep valleys of the eastern Himalayas
State tree of Uttarakhand and the state flower of Nagaland
It’s blooming in the Garhwal Himalayas and is celebrated as ‘Phool Sankranti’, a festival of flowers.
✅It is native to many regions of the world, including Asia, Europe, North America, and Australia
List of National Parks In India:
(Source: The Indian Express)
❇️ 21st MAY
🧨 National Anti-terrorism Day
🧨 Observed across India to commemorate the death anniversary of the former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi.
🕊 He was assassinated on this day in 1991, by LTTE cadres in a suicide bombing attack at a rally at Sriperumbudur in Tamil Nadu.
🕊Rajiv Gandhi was the youngest prime minister of India when he was sworn in at 40.
🕊The Anti Terrorism Day is observed to spread the message of peace and humanity. Unity in diversity is India's greatest strength.
NOTE :
🟢 Sadbhavana Diwas is observed on 20 August every year to commemorate the birth anniversary.
〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰
❇️ 21st May
☕️ International Tea Day (3rd)
अंतर्राष्ट्रीय चाय दिवस
Theme23: “The Timeless Journey of Tea: From Ancient Legends to Global Delight”
🔶India - 2nd largest producer and 4th largest exporter of tea in the world!
🔶Assam - largest tea-producing state
South China Sea:
▪️It is a marginal sea that is part of the Pacific Ocean, encompassing an area from the Karimata & Malacca Straits to the Strait of Taiwan.
▪️The areas importance largely results from one-third of the worlds shipping sailing through its waters & that it is believed to hold huge oil & gas reserves beneath its seabed.
▪️River Sources: Agno, Jiulong, Mekong, Pahang, Pmpanga, Pearl, Rajang, Red.
▪️Basin Countries: Brunei, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam.
🔘Black-Headed Ibis : Conservation Status
In News
The campus of Mangalore University is home to three species that are listed as near-threatened on the red list of the International Union for Conservation of Nature, according to a nine-year study on the avifaunal variety of the area (IUCN).
About
◾️Black-Headed Ibis is a large wader bird with a white body and bare black head and neck.
◾️Males and females look similar and both have greyish tail feathers.
◾️These are called wader birds due to their adaptability to a wide variety of aquatic environments.
◾️They are found primarily around wetlands including agricultural fields and occasionally around coastal areas.
◾️It is found in South- and Southeast Asia from India to the west and as far east as Japan.
Conservation status
IUCN Red List: Near Threatened
The Wildlife Protection Act 1972: Schedule-IV
Caspian Sea:
▪️It is in an endorheic basin (a basin without outflows) located between Europe and Asia.
▪️It is the largest enclosed inland body of water on Earth by area, classed as the worlds largest lake or a full-fledged sea.
▪️Bordered by: Russia, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, & Iran.
▪️Primary Inflows: Volga River, Ural River, Kura River, Terek River
▪️The fifth Caspian Summit took place in 2018 at Kazakh port city of Aktau. The leaders signed the ‘Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea’
🔘Animal Pandemic Preparedness Initiative
In News
The Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying has launched an Animal Pandemic Preparedness Initiative (APPI) under One Health Approach to address the threat of diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans.
About
◾️One Health approach recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health.
◾️The Ministry has also launched Animal Health System Support for One Health (AHSSOH) project, funded by the World Bank.
◾️Animal Pandemic Preparedness Initiative (APPI) is in line with the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Global One Health strategy, which emphasizes the importance of multisectoral collaboration in addressing the threat of zoonotic diseases.
◾️The initiative aims to enhance India’s preparedness and response capabilities to prevent and control zoonotic diseases, thereby safeguarding the health of both animals and humans.
🔆Important Navigation Satellite System
✅BeiDou (China): 22 operational satellites.
✅GLONASS (Russia): 27 operational satellites.
✅Galileo (European Union): Available for civilian and commercial use- 22 satellites.
✅Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (Japan): Regional satellite navigation system- Still under construction.
✅IRNSS (India) - Regional Satellite Navigation System- later given the operational name of NavIC. - covers India and nearby regions extending up to 1,500 km.
■ HIMALAYAN MOIST TEMPERATE FORESTS.
#Naturalvegetation
□ CLIMATIC CONDITIONS.
◇ Annual rainfall varies from 150 cm to 250 cm.
□ DISTRIBUTION.
◇ Occurs in the temperate zone of the Himalayas between 1500 and 3300 metres.
◇ Cover the entire length of this mountain range in Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Darjeeling and Sikkim.
□ CHARACTERSTICS.
◇ Mainly composed of coniferous species.
◇ Species occur in mostly pure strands.
◇ Trees are 30 to 50 m high.
◇ Pines, cedars, silver firs, spruce, etc. are most important trees.
◇ They are fairly open forests with shrubby undergrowth including oaks, rhododendrons and some bamboos.
▪︎D.R. KHULLAR { CHAPTER - 6 }