6226
This page will share GK & Current Affairs Updates Daily. UPSC | KPSC | IAS | IPS | NTPC | SSC | IBPS
▪️ Armenia
In Headlines : Armenia and Azerbaijan have again agreed to respect a "humanitarian ceasefire" in the Nagorno-Karabakh region.
Armenia is located in the geopolitical Transcaucasus (South Caucasus) region.
Bordered by Georgia and Azerbaijan, Iran and Turkey.
Remember as Armenia - AGIT / GAIT
Nakhichevan (Naxcivan), an exclave of Azerbaijan, borders Armenia to the southwest.
The capital is Yerevan (Erevan).
The status of Nagorno-Karabakh, an enclave of 1,700 square miles in southwestern Azerbaijan populated primarily by Armenians, was from 1988 the source of bitter conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan.
It is a Landlocked country.
✅LATEST GI TAG IN NEWS 2022-23
➢ Manamadurai pottery : Tamil Nadu
➢ ‘Mircha’ rice : Bihar
➢ Nagari Dubraj : Chhattisgarh
➢ Banarasi Paan : Uttar Pradesh
➢ Banarasi Langda Mango : Uttar Pradesh
➢ Kangra Tea : Himachal Pradesh
➢ Gamocha : Assam
➢ Beypore Uru : Kerala
➢ Bird’s eye chilli’ : Mizoram
➢ Mithila Makhana : Bihar
➢ Classical wind music instrument narasinghapettai nagaswaram : Tamil Nadu
➢ Kangra Tea : Himachal Pradesh
➢ Kashmiri carpet : Jammu and Kashmir
➢ Sojat Mehndi : Rajasthan
➢ Judima rice : Assam
➢ Sweet Cucumber : Nagaland
➢ Sirarakhong chilly and Tamenglong Orange : Manipur
➢ Gucchi or Morel mushroom : Jammu and Kashmir
➢ Tezpur Litchi : Assam
➢ Dalle Khursani : Sikkim
➢ Moira Bananas , Harmal Chillies, Khaje : Goa
➢ Telia Rumal : Telangana
➢ Sohrai Khovar Painting : Jharkhand
➢ Thanjavur Netti and Arumbavur wood Carving : Tamil Nadu
➢ Kashmir saffron : Jammu & Kashmir
➢ Gorakhpur terracotta : Uttar Pradesh
➢ Chak-Hao, Black Rice : Manipur
➢ Khola Chilli : Goa
➢ Sohrai and Kohbar Art : Jharkhand
➢ GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS (GI) :-
➢ GI tags are issued as per the Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection)
Act,1999. This tag is issued by the Geographical Indication Registry under the Department of
Industry Promotion and Internal Trade, Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
➢ Darjeeling Tea was the first Indian product to get the geographical indication tag in 2004.
➢ The second GI tag in India was given to Aranmula Kannadi (Handicraft) which is a mirror and
made in Kerala.
➢ A GI is registered for an initial period of ten years, which must be renewed after 10 years.
➢ Kerala has topped among Indian states for having most number of products securing the
Geographical Indication (GI) tag in financial year 2022-23.
➢ What is GI tag?
➢ A GI is a sign used on products that have a specific geographical origin and possess qualities or a reputation that are due to that origin.
▪️Krishna River:
▪️Tributaries :
▪️Left bank - Bhima, Musi, Munneru, Halia, Paleru, Don River.
▪️Right bank - Ghatprabha, Malprabha, Tungabhadra, Koyna, Warna, Panchganga, Venganga.
▪️Important dams: Sirisailam dam, Nagarjuna Sagar dam, Prakasam barrage, Almatti dam.
▪️Important cities: Vijayawada, Srisailam, Amaravati, Pune, Hyderabad
🔆 Biome :
✅A biome is a plant and animal community that covers a large geographical area. The boundaries of different biomes on land are determined mainly by climate. Therefore, a biome can be defined as the total assemblage of plant and animal species interacting within specific conditions such as
rainfall, temperature, humidity, and soil conditions.
▪️There are five major biomes i.e. forest, desert, grassland, aquatic and altitudinal biomes. Their characteristics can be outlined as under:
🔸 Aquatic biomes
✅These include both freshwater and marine biomes.
✅Freshwater biomes are bodies of water surrounded by land such as ponds, rivers, and lakes that have a salt content of less than one percent.
✅Marine biomes cover close to three-quarters of Earth’s surface. Marine biomes include the ocean, coral reefs, and estuaries.
🔸 Grasslands
✅These are open regions dominated by grass, having a warm, dry climate.
✅They can be of two types: tropical grasslands/Savannas and temperate grasslands.
✅Savannas are found closer to the equator and can have a few scattered trees.
✅Temperate grasslands are found further away from the equator.
✅They do not have any trees or shrubs and receive less precipitation than savannas.
✅For instance, prairies and steppes are two types of temperate grasslands.
🔸 Forests
✅Forests are dominated by trees, and cover about one-third of the Earth.
✅They contain much of the world’s terrestrial biodiversity, including insects, birds, and mammals.
✅Based on latitudinal location and climate, the three major forest biomes are temperate forests, tropical forests, and boreal forests (also known as the taiga).
✅Tropical forests are warm, humid, and found close to the equator.
✅Temperate forests are
found at higher latitudes and experience all four seasons.
✅Boreal forests are found at even higher latitudes and have the coldest and driest climate, where precipitation occurs primarily in the form of snow.
🔸 Deserts
✅Deserts are dry areas where rainfall is less than 50 cms (20 inches) per year.
✅They cover around 20 percent of Earth’s surface.
✅Because of their extreme conditions, there is not as much biodiversity found in deserts as in other biomes.
✅Any vegetation and wildlife living in a desert must have special adaptations for surviving in a dry environment.
✅Here, wildlife consists primarily of reptiles and small mammals.
✅According to their geographic location or climatic conditions, deserts can fall into four categories: hot and dry, semiarid, coastal, and cold.
🔸 Altitudinal Biomes
✅These have extremely inhospitable conditions, with the lowest measured average yearly temperatures of any of the five major biomes ranging from -34 to 12 degrees Celsius.
✅Precipitation is just 15–25 centimeters (six to ten inches) per year, as soil nutrients are of poor quality and summers are short.
✅They can be classified into arctic and alpine.
✅The arctic biome is found north of boreal forests and the alpine biome is found on mountains where the altitude is too high for trees to survive.
✅These do not have much
biodiversity and vegetation is simple, including shrubs, grasses, mosses, and lichens.
✅ This is partly due to a frozen layer under the soil surface, called permafrost.
■ IMPORTANT PIPELINES:
□ Naharkatia-Nunmati-Barauni pipeline.
◇ This was the first pipeline constructed to india to bring crude oil from naharkatia oilfield to Nunmati.
□ Mumbai high – Mumbai – Ankleshwar-Koyali pipeline
◇ Pipeline connects oilfield of Mumbai high and Gujarat with oil refinery at Koyali.
□ Salaya – koyali – Mathura pipeline
◇ Important pipeline has been laid from salya in Gujarat to Mathura in UP via viramgram.
□ Hajira-Bijapur-Jagdispur (HBJ) gas pipeline.
◇ Constructed by gas authority of india to transport gas. It connects Hazira in MH to Bijapur in MP and jagdishpur in UP.
□ Jamnagar – Loni LPG pipeline – constructed By GAIL
◇ Connects Jamnagar in Gujarat to Loni near Delhi in UP and passes through the states of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Haryana and UP.
□ Kandla- Bhatinda Pipeline
◇ 1,331km long pipeline has been constructed for transporting crude oil to oil refinery at Bhatinda. Constructed by IOC.
▪︎SOURCE - Khullar
❇️ 30 JUNE
🪐☄International Asteroid Day
अंतर्राष्ट्रीय क्षुद्रग्रह दिवस
🪐The Asteroid Belt is a Region of the Solar System located Roughly Between the Mars And Jupiter
🪐R Rajamohan, Who Led The 1st Asteroid Discoveries In Independent India, Passes Away
🪐NASA Launches Lucy Mission To Study the Jupiter Trojan Asteroids
🪐China To Send First-Ever ‘Asteroid Mining Robot’ Into Space
🪐The International Astronomical Union (IAU) has named an asteroid after Indian classical singer Pandit Jasraj
🪐 Asteroid 2023 HG1 Hurtling Through Space Towards Earth At 7200 Kmph
🪐NASA’s Lucy Mission Captures First Views Of Jupiter Trojan Asteroids
🪐2022 AP7: Astronomers Discover An Asteroid That Could Destroy Planets
▪️Brahmaputra River:
▪️The Brahmaputra (meaning the son of Brahma).
▪️It is 2,900 km in length.
▪️Source: Chemayungdung glacier (Kailas Range) at an elevation of about 5,150 m. It’s source is very close to the sources of Indus and Satluj.
▪️Mariam La separates the source of the Brahmaputra from the Manasarovar Lake.
▪️ In the vast Ganges Delta, it merges with the Padma, the popular name of the river Ganges in Bangladesh, and finally, after merging with Padma, it becomes the Meghna and from here, it flows as Meghna river before emptying into the Bay of Bengal
▪️ Tributaries :
Left - Dibang river, Dhansiri river, Lohit river and kolong river
Right - kameng river, Manas river, Teesta river, Subansiri river.
Chambal River:
▪️It is one of the most pollution-free rivers of India
▪️The Chambal rises in the highlands of Janapao Hills (700 m) in the Vindhyan Range.
▪️It joins the Yamuna in Etawah district of Uttar Pradesh.
▪️Tributaries: Banas, Kali Sindh, Parbati.
▪️ Power Projects/ Dam: Gandhi Sagar Dam, Rana Pratap Sagar Dam, Jawahar Sagar Dam, and Kota Barrage.
▪️The National Chambal Sanctuary is located along river Chambal on the tri-junction of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. It is known for critically endangered gharial, the red-crowned roof turtle, and the endangered Ganges river dolphin.
North India’s first skin bank opens in Safdarjung Hospital..
✅The country has 16 skin banks:
🔸seven in Maharashtra,
🔸four in Chennai,
🔸three in Karnataka, and
🔸one each in Madhya Pradesh and Odisha.
✅ India's first Skin Bank Opened at Wadia Children's Hospital in Mumbai.
🌳 22 JUNE
🦥 World Rainforest Day
विश्व वर्षावन दिवस
Theme 2023 : "Carbon & Climate"
🌿 To honour and promote the world's rainforests & to raise awareness about the risks of deforestation.
🌴 June 22, 2017, World Rainforest Day was celebrated for the first time.
🌴 Forest Man : Jadav payeng
🌳 RAINFORESTS IN INDIA
🎍Andaman And Nicobar Islands – Tropical Evergreen Forest
🎍Assam – Unspoiled Escapes
🎍North Western Ghats Moist Deciduous Forests – Rich in Flora and Fauna
🎍South Western Ghats Moist Deciduous Forests – Species-rich Regions of Deccan
🎍Brahmaputra Valley Semi-Evergreen Forests – Home to the Most Alluvial Soil
🎍Odisha Semi-Evergreen Forests – Treat to the Eyes
📊 17th ‘India State of Forest Report (ISFR)’ 2021
Released by - Forest Survey of India (FSI)
🎋 Area-wise, largest forest cover - Madhya Pradesh
🎋The mangroves in India increased by 17 sq km
Note :
International Day of Forests - 21 March
More robust measures needed to minimise disaster impact in Lake Victoria Basin: Study
▪️Lake Victoria:
✅It is the world’s second-largest freshwater lake.
✅Location: It is located in East Africa, bordered by Tanzania, Uganda, and Kenya.
✅It is also called Victoria Nyanza in Kenya, Nalubaale in Uganda, and Ukerewe in Tanzania.
✅It is a source of the White Nile River which flows northward and eventually joins the Blue Nile in Sudan to form the Nile River.
✅The lake supports the largest freshwater fishery in the world, producing 1 million tons of fish per year and employing 200,000 people in supporting the livelihoods of 4 million people.
🔆 The Sengol
✅Union Home Minister appealed to the people of Tamil Nadu to elect more than 25 MPs of in the 2024 Lok Sabha election to thank Prime Minister Narendra Modi for installing Sengol, a legacy of the Chola era, in the new Parliament House.
▪️What is the sengol?
✅ Measuring five feet in length, this gold coated silver sceptre features an intricately carved ‘nandi’ at the top, which is meant to represent the concept of justice.
▪️When was it made and by whom?
✅ It was made during the time of Independence in 1947, when the British handed over power to India.
▪️Why was it made?
✅ Lord Mountbatten, the last British viceroy, wanted to mark the epoch moment of the ceremonial transfer of power from the British to the Indians.
▪️Who was given the sengol?
✅ The late Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru received this sengol from Tamil Nadu and he accepted this as a symbol of achieving independence.
✅ It is a sign of a shift of power from Britishers to The people of this country.
✅ It was the head of ancient Shaivite math Thiruvavaduthurai Aadeenam math that presented the Sengol to Nehru in 1947.
▪️What does the sengol stand for today?
✅ The sengol has since assumed importance as the sceptre of righteousness.
✅ It is a reminder of India’s diversity and the birth of a great nation.
✅ The one who receives Sengol is expected to have a fair and just rule.
▪️What is the significance of Sengol?
✅ During the Chola period, the Sengol was of great importance during the coronation ceremonies of kings, and was symbolic of transfer of power from one ruler to the next."
Damodar river:
▪️ Damodar river rises in the hills of the Chotanagpur plateau and flows
through a rift valley.
▪️Damodar River is a river flowing across the Indian states of Jharkhand and West Bengal.
▪️Damodar River is known as Damuda.
▪️The word damu stands for holy and da signifies water.
▪️ Rich in mineral resources, the valley is home to large-scale mining and
industrial activity.
▪️ It has a number of tributaries and subtributaries, such as Barakar,
Konar, Bokaro, Haharo, etc.
▪️The Barakar is the most important tributary of the Damodar.
❇️16th June
👨👩👧👦 International Day of Family Remittances
परिवार प्रेषण का अंतर्राष्ट्रीय दिवस
Theme23 : "Digital remittances towards financial inclusion and cost reduction"
👨👩👧👦 The day recognizes the contribution of over 200 million migrants to improve the lives of their 800 million family members back home and to create a future of hope for their children.
👨👩👧👦 In 2015, the UN has adopted June 16 as the International Day of Family Remittances (IDFR)
🟢 NEWS
🔶UP Government Launched Family ID – One Family One Identity Portal
🔷A Book Titled ‘The World: A Family History’ Authored By British Historian Simon Sebag
🔶India Won Excellence In Family Planning Leadership (EXCELL) Award
🔷India received highest ever foreign inward remittances in a single year of $89,127 million in FY 2021-22
❇️ 3 JULY
🛍International Plastic Bag Free Day
अंतर्राष्ट्रीय प्लास्टिक बैग मुक्त दिवस
Theme23 : No Specific Theme
Theme22 By UN : “Global initiative that aims to eliminate the use of single-use plastic bags”
♻️ 4R : Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Recover!
🛍India to Achieve Plastic Free Nation : 2022
🛍 India's 1st single use plastic- free airport : Indira Gandhi International Airport (New Delhi)
🛍‘Single-Use Plastic’ Use To Banned By Union Govt. From 1st July, 2022
🛍India’s First Plastic Project Listed By EKI Energy Services Ltd
🛍Dabur Becomes First Indian Plastic Waste Neutral’ FMCG Company
🛍India’s 1st Credit Card Made From Recycled PVC Plastic Launched By HSBC
🛍India Becomes First Asian Nation To Launch ‘Plastics Pact’
🛍 Dzukou Valley (Nagaland ) became a Plastic Free Zone
🛍 The India Plastics Pact's targets to be achieved by 2030
🔆Nallamala Forest:
📍Features
✅It is one of the largest stretches of undisturbed forest in South India, apart from the Western Ghats.
✅Location:
It is spread over five districts in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.
✅It is located in Nallamala Hills, which is a part of the Eastern Ghats.
✅It lies south of the Krishna river.
✅The forest has a good tiger population, and a part of the forest belongs to the Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve, the largest tiger reserve in the country.
✅Climate:
It has a warm to hot climate throughout the year, with summer especially hot and winters mostly cool and dry.
✅It gets most of its rain during the South West monsoon.
✅Vegetation: Tropical dry deciduous.
✅Flora: It harbours endemic species like Andrographis nallamalayana, Eriolaena lushingtonii, Crotalaria madurensis var, Dicliptera beddomei and premna hamitonii.
✅Fauna: It is home to as many as 700 species of animals besides tigers, leopards, such as black buck, wild hog, peacock, pangolin, Indian Python and King Cobras and several rare bird species.
■ THERMAL POWER PLANTS IN INDIA.
◇ Maharashtra : karadi, Nashik, Kaparkheda, Paras, Bhusawal, Parli, Uran, Ballarshah, Chola, Tromboy, Kolhapur, Dhobal, Ujjaini.
◇ Gujarat : Banas, Gandhinagar, Kachchh, Sabarmati, Wanskbori, Kawas, Sikka, Mahuva, Utran, Shahpur, Porbandar, Kandla, Ahmedabad, Dhuvaram, Ukai.
◇ Andhra P : Nellore, vijaywada, bhadrachalam, manuguru.
◇ WB : Bundel, Kolkata, Durgapur, farakka, Murshidabad, Birbhum, Kalaghat, Titagarh, Mejia, Santaldih, gauripur.
◇ Tamil nadu : Neyveli, Methur, Ennore, Tuticorin.
◇ UP : Obra, Harduaganj, Renusgar, rosa, Jawaharpur, Unchohar, rihand, Kanpur, Mau, Gorakhpur, Dohrighat, Tundla, Bahraich.
◇ MP : Singrauli, Satpura, Chandragupta.
◇ Chhattisgarh : Korba.
◇ Haryana : Faridabad, Panipat, Yamunanagar.
◇ Punjab : Bhatinda, roopnagar.
◇ Delhi : Indraprastha, Rajghat, Badarpur.
◇ Rajasthan : Kota, polana, sawai madhiopur, Banswara, Anta.
◇ Assam : Namrup, Bongaigaon, Chandarpur.
◇ Odisha : Talcher, Balimela.
◇ Bihar : Barauni, kahalgaon.
❇️ 1st JULY
🩺 National Doctor's Day
राष्ट्रीय चिकित्सक दिवस
👨⚕Marks the birth and death anniversary of Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy
👩⚕The first National Doctor's day was celebrated in July 1991
This year's theme for National Doctor's Day is “Celebrating Resilience and Healing Hands".
❇️ 1st JULY
⚖ GST DAY (Goods and Services Tax)
🔸1 July 2017 GST to be applicable across India.
🔸First GST Day was celebrated on 1 July 2018
💰France 1st country to implement GST in 1954
💰Assam was the first state to ratify the GST Bill
💰The first state to pass State GST Bill is Telangana
💰 Indian GST Follows Canadian Dual Model
💰Constitution Amendment Bill (115th) to GST introduced in the LokSabha
💰GST AMENDMENT ACT :101
💰 Constitutional Bill :122
💰GST COUNCIL (Article 279A) HEADED BY : Union Finance minister
💥GST RELEATED NEWS
💰44th GST Council Meet chaired by FM Nirmala Sitaraman
💰Government has lowered the GST On electrical vehicles : 12%
💰Govt Launched QRMP scheme GST Payers with Turnover upto Rs 5 cr
💰28% GST will be levied on lotteries.
Betwa River:
▪️Betwa or Vetravati originates in Vindhya Range just north of Hoshangabad in Madhya Pradesh and flows north-east through Madhya Pradesh and flow through Orchha to Uttar Pradesh.
▪️ It meets Yamuna at Hamirpur town in Uttar Pradesh.
▪️ Length: 590 km
▪️ Tributary- Dhasan
▪️Dams :Rajghat Dam ,Matatila Dam ,Parichha Dam ,Dhurwara Dam.
Green Steel:
✅Green Steel is the manufacturing of steel using renewable or low-carbon energy sources such as hydrogen, coal gasification, or electricity instead of the traditional carbon-intensive manufacturing route of coal-fired plants.
🔘Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Urban Livelihoods Mission : Collaborative Partnership With UNDP
In News
The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Urban Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NULM) entered into a collaborative partnership.
About
◾️UNDP and DAY-NULM Partnership aims to empower women to make well-informed career choices in the field of entrepreneurship.
◾️It will provide support for women looking to start and expand their enterprises such as the care economy, digital economy, electric mobility, waste management, food packaging and more.
◾️It Focused on fostering entrepreneurship development and accelerating enterprise growth.
It is a three-year project, extendable beyond 2025 which will cover eight cities in the initial phase.
◾️UNDP will offer national-level capacity-building support to DAY-NULM.
◾️This support will focus on knowledge generation and management, such as compiling compendiums of best practices related to urban poverty, to enhance the implementation of national-level schemes.
◾️UNDP will also contribute to the initiative by developing community business mentors called Biz-Sakhis in selected project locations.
◾️These mentors, who possess valuable business knowledge, can support new and existing enterprises, and serve as a resource for DAY-NULM at a later stage.
◾️DAY-NULM is a flagship mission under the Union Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.
◾️It has the aim to uplift the urban poor by enhancing sustainable livelihood opportunities through skill development
The pH scales
✅The pH scale is a measure of how acidic or basic (alkaline) a solution is.
✅It ranges from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is neutral.
✅A pH less than 7 is acidic, and a pH greater than 7 is basic.
✅It is based on hydrogen ion concentration in an aqueous solution.
✅pH values decrease as hydrogen ion levels increase.
✅A solution with pH 4 is ten times more acidic than pH 5, and a hundred times more acidic than pH 6.
✅Whilst the pH range is usually given as 0 to 14, lower and higher values are theoretically possible.
🔆 Mathura Art
✅ Red sandstone was used.
✅ Represented all three religions: Buddhism, Jainism and Hinduism.
✅ Mathura sculptors have been found at Mathura, Sonkh, and Kankalitha.
✅ Buddha was represented in a delighted mood.
✅ Muscular Buddha wearing thin cloth.
✅ There is Pirva Mandal i.e. long hair knotted on top.
✅ Sitting posture, mostly in Padmasana and in different mudras.
✅Bhumisparsh mudra – one palm in an upright position and the other hand touching the earth, calling the earth to become the witness of truth i.e. attainment of nirvana.
✅ Abhay mudra – expressing the fearlessness and that the light coming from Buddha do not discriminate between people to people i.e. all are equal.
✅ Anjali mudra (Namaste) - denotes regard, learning something and wishing for prosperity.
🪐Longest Day Of The Year
🌓On June 21, 2023, the sun will be above the Tropic of Cancer at noon. This means that on this day the sunlight will be on the earth for the longest time. On Earth the day would be early in the morning while the sunset would be late. Due to which there will be longest day and shortest night.
🌎what is solstice
The rays of the sun remain on the earth for about 15 to 16 hours. That's why this day is called the biggest day of the year. It is also called Solstice. It means the sun is standing still. By September 21, day and night become equal. After this, from 21st September, the process of getting longer night starts increasing.
🌓Although there is an exception to this, in 1975 June 22 was the biggest day of the year. Now this will happen in 2203.
🌓In Delhi and North India, the day of June 21 is usually 14 hours instead of 12. In normal days when day and night are equal then they are of 12-12 hours.
🔆PAIKA REBELLION OF ODISHA
✅ Why In News: Government has clarified that the 1817 Paika rebellion of Odisha could not be called the first war of Independence, but can be considered it as a beginning of a popular uprising against the British and will included as a case study in the Class 8 NCERT history textbook.
✅The Culture Ministry had received a reference from the Odisha Chief Minister asking that the Paika rebellion be declared the first war of Independence.
✅ The ministry said the matter was examined in consultation with the Indian Council of Historical Research, under the Union Education Ministry, and according to the comments by the Indian Council of Historical Research, the Paika rebellion could not be called the first war of Independence.
✅However, from a historical point of view, it can be said that the ‘Paika Bidroha’, which was set off in March 1817 and continued until May 1825, had set an example for the classes as well as the masses in India to follow later on.
▪️About Paika Rebellion:
✅The Paikas (pronounced “paiko”, literally ‘foot soldiers’), were a class of military retainers had been recruited since the 16th century by kings in Odisha from a variety of social groups to render martial services in return for hereditary rent-free land (nish-karjagirs) and titles.
✅The advent of the British and establishment of colonial rule brought new land revenue settlements, which led to the Paikas losing their estates mostly to Bengali absentee landlords.
✅ The British changed the currency system, demanding revenue payments in rupees, which increased pressure on the dispossessed, marginal tribals.
✅The British control over salt — which had pre-1803-4 origins, but was extended to coastal Orissa in 1814 — also meant increased hardship for the people in the region.
✅In 1817, some 400 Kondhs rose in revolt against the British under the leadership of Bakshi Jagabandhu Bidyadhar Mohapatra Bharamarbar Rai, the highest-ranking military general of Mukund Dev II, and erstwhile holder of the lucrative Rodanga estate.
✅Paikas fought bloody battles at several places, but the colonial army gradually crushed the revolt.
✅ Bakshi Jagabandhu escaped to the jungles, and stayed out of reach of the British until 1825, when he finally surrendered under negotiated terms.
Geographical Indication Tag
◾️It is a sign used on products that have a specific geographical origin and possess qualities or a reputation that are due to that origin.
◾️This is typically used for agricultural products, foodstuffs, wine and spirit drinks, handicrafts and industrial products.
◾️The Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999 seeks to provide for the registration and better protection of geographical indications relating to goods in India.
◾️This GI tag is valid for 10 years following which it can be renewed.
■ OIL FIELDS NORTH – EAST.
□ ASSAM
◇ Assam is the oldest oil Producing state in India. The main oil bearing strata extend for a distance of 320 km in upper assam along the Brahmaputra valley.
◇ Digboi field
1. located in the north – east of Tipam hills in Dibrugarh district in upper assam, digboi is the oldest oil field of India.
2. Most oil is sent to refinery at Digboi.
◇ The naharkatiya field
1. It is located at a distance of 32km southwest of digboi at the left bank of burhi dihing river.
2. Oil from this area is sent to oil refineries at Noonamati in Assam and Barauni in Bihar through pipeline.
◇ The moran – Hugrijan field
1. Located about 40km south-west Naharkatiya.
□ ARUNACHAL PRADESH
1. Has oil reserves at Manabhum, Kharsang and Charali.
□ TRIPURA
At Mamunbhanga, baramura-Deotamura subhang, Manu, Ampi bazar, amarpur-Dambura areas.
□ NAGALAND
Also has some oil bearing rock strata.
▪︎SOURCE - D.R. Khullar
🛑 15 JUNE
🟢 Global Wind Day
वैश्विक पवन दिवस
💠 1st celebration of World Wind Day took place for the first time in Europe in 2007
💠 World Wind Day is organized by the organizations of the World Wind Energy Council (GWEC)
💠 GWEC : HQ : Brussles Belgium
🛑WINDS RELATED FACTS🛑
🔷 Study of Wind : Anemology
🔷 Largest wind farm in the world is Alta Wind Energy Center ,California USA
🔷 Denmark is called "Country of winds"
🔷 Gansu Wind Farm in China is the largest wind farm in the world
🔷 Jaisalmer Wind Park is the largest operational onshore wind farm in India
🟢NEWS
🔶China Unveils World’s Most Powerful Hypersonic Wind Tunnel For Advancing Aerospace Ambitions
🔷Sri Lanka Assent To Adani Green’s $442 Million Wind Power Project
🔶Adani Green Becomes World’s Largest Wind-Solar Hybrid Power Developer
🔷Windergy 2023 To Be Held In Chennai In October