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Dry and Wet Waste Management Technologies
🧤Atal Incubation Centre (AIC) – Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) (established under the Atal Innovation Mission (AIM), NITI Aayog) has demonstrated various technologies for waste management
🧤SHESHA: It is a compact helical-shaped waste converter aimed to manage biodegradable waste generated in small housing societies, restaurants, etc
🧤Rapid composting technology: It decomposes Kitchen waste using cellulolytic fungi Trichoderma koningiopsis (isolated from tree bark).
Martand Sun Temple
✅ The temple is located five miles from Anantnag in the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.
✅The Martand Sun Temple, also known as Pandou Laidan is a Hindu temple dedicated to Surya (the chief solar deity in Hinduism) and built during the 8th century CE.
✅The Martand Sun Temple was built by the third ruler of the Karkota Dynasty, Lalitaditya Muktapida, in the 8th century CE. It is said to have been built during 725-756 CE.
✅Martand is another Sanskrit synonym for Surya.
✅It is now in ruins, as it was destroyed by the orders of Muslim ruler Sikandar Shah Miri.
Kaimur Range:
◾️ Eastern portion of Vindhya range (an extension of it)
◾️ Passes through Rewa division of MP, Mirzapur division of UP and Rohtas district of Bihar
◾️ Forms watershed or divide between Son river and Tamsa river
◾️ The range is continuous and no gorges or wind gaps are present
▪️ Protected areas in the Kaimur Range include:
Kaimoor wildlife sanctuary in Uttar Pradesh
Chandra prabha wildlife sanctuary in Uttar Pradesh.
✅ Shillong Plateau:
◾️ Highland in Eastern Meghalaya and is an outlier of plateau of Peninsular India
◾️ Plateau's western, northern and southern end are Garo, Khasi and Jaintia hills respectively
◾️ Composed of ancient rocks and contains reserves of Coal, Iron ore, Limestone, etc
◾️ Shillong Peak is the highest point
Important Facts about Meghalaya
◾️ World's Largest cave fish discovered from Um Ladaw cave in Meghalaya's Jaintia Hills
◾️ World's longest Sandstone cave (around 24.5 Km) named Krem Puri is in Khasi hills
◾️ Further India's longest caves are present in Meghalaya
◾️ Meghalayan Age refers to 4200 years ago to present. It comes under Holocene Epoch. This was discovered after studying Stalagmites of Mawmluh caves in Meghalaya
◾️ Living Root Bridges are also a paradise to watch
◾️ Important places: Mawsynram, Cherrapunji (wettest place) in Khasi hills
◾️ In 2018 Mahabaleshwar of Maharashtra received more rainfall than Cherrapunji.
🔆Santhal revolt: 1856
✅agricultural people settled in Rajmahal Hills of Bihar.
✅ Practised shifting agriculture.
✅ British wanted them to adopt settled agriculture which will help EIC to extract taxes.
✅The Santhal life was disrupted by the onslaught of the Zamindari system that they introduced. They were rendered landless bonded labourers in their own homes.
✅ two Santhal brothers Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu organised 10,000 Santhals and proclaimed a rebellion against the British.
✅Bloody suppression of revolt
🟢 BOOKS AND AUTHORS
🔷December 2022🔷
📕 Forks in the road: My days at RBI and beyond
▪️C. Rangarajan
📕 The light we carry: Overcoming in uncertain times
▪️Michelle Obama
📕 Fit at any age
▪️Air Marshal PV Iyer
📕 Miracles of face yoga
▪️Mansi Gulati
📕 Brave hearts of Bharat, Vignettes from Indian history
▪️Vikram Sampath
📕 City of Joy
▪️Dominique Lapierre (Died recently)
📕 India Pakistan conundrum
▪️Sharat Sabarwal (ICS)
📕 The Chipko Movement: A people’s history
▪️Shekhar Pathak
🏆 Awarded with Kamaldevi Chattopadhyay, NIF Book prize 2002
▪️ Cash award is of Rs. 15 lakh.
☑️ Dhauladhar Range:
◾️ Also called White Range
◾️ part of Lesser Himalayas or Outer Himalayas or Himachal or Mahabharat Range
◾️ Highest peak is Hanuman Tibba
◾️ Start from Dalhousie and near Badrinath. Lie almost entirely in Himachal Pradesh and Jk
◾️ prominent pass across the range is Indrahar pass
◾️ To the south lies the famous Kangra valley.
Natural Farming
✅Natural farming is a method of agriculture that seeks to create a balanced and self-sustaining ecosystem in which crops can grow without the use of synthetic chemicals or genetically modified organisms.
✅Instead of relying on artificial inputs like synthetic fertilisers and pesticides, natural farmers rely on techniques like crop rotation , intercropping, and composting to enhance soil health and support crop growth.
✅Natural farming methods are often based on traditional knowledge and practices and may be adapted to local conditions and resources.
✅The goal of natural farming is to produce healthy, nutritious food in a way that is sustainable and environmentally friendly.
✅ Daily Top 10 General Awareness Quiz : 11 MAR 2023
Q.1. NTPC has partnered with which company for a new a joint venture company in Renewable Energy?
- IOC
Q.2. ‘JC Daniel Award’ is the highest award in cinema in which language?
- Malayalam
Q.3. What is the name of the flag campaign to be hosted by India in the month of August 2022?
- ‘Har Ghar Tiranga’ Campaign
Q.4. ‘Podu’ or shifting cultivation, which was seen in the news, is practised by the tribal people of which state?
- Telangana
Q.5. When is the ‘Nelson Mandela Day’ observed every year?
- July 18
Q.6. India signed a MoU with which country for reintroduction of cheetah and wildlife conservation?
- Namibia
Q.7. What is the rank of India in the 2022 edition of Henley Passport Index?
- 87
Q.8. India’s first brain health clinic was inaugurated in which city?
- Bengaluru
Q.9. Which state is associated with the ‘Family Doctor’ pilot project?
- Andhra Pradesh
Q.10. Which country successfully launched its space station module called ‘Wentian’?
- China.
What are Grasslands
✅Grasslands (e.g. prairies or savannas) are biomes characterized by vast expanses of grasses and a few scattered trees.
✅ They are found in regions where there is not enough rain to support forests but where there is enough rainfall to prevent the land from becoming a desert.
✅Grasslands are typically located in the interior regions of continents, away from the moderating influence of oceans.
✅Approximately 24 per centof total vegetation cover is grassland in India
🔆ZOJI LA:
✅ Zoji La is a high mountain pass located in the Kargil district of Ladakh.
✅The pass links Leh and Srinagar and provides an important link between the Union Territories of Ladakh and Kashmir.
✅Zoji la is known as the “Mountain Pass of Blizzards”.
✅ It remains closed during winter due to heavy snowfall, cutting off the Ladakh region from Kashmir.
✅The Zoji la tunnel project was launched in 2018.
✅The tunnel is Asia’s longest and most strategic bi-directional tunnel, which will provide all-weather connectivity between Srinagar, Kargil and Leh.
☑️ Articles Related With Governor:
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Mnemonics:
North Sea is bounded by the coastlines:
Trick: " GuN SEND to BSF "
G - Germany
Nv- Netherland
Sc- Sweden
Ec- England
N - Norway
D - Denmark
B - Belgium
S - Scotland
F - France.
🔆Samudragupta:
✅ Belong to Gupta Empire.
✅ Son of Chandragupta 1.
✅ Reign 400 AD.
✅ The Allahabad Pillar Inscription (Prayaga – Prashasti) gives a detailed account of his achievements.
✅ His court poet was Harisena.
✅ Meghavarman, the ruler of Sri Lanka, sent a missionary to Samudragupta for permission
to build a Buddhist temple at Bodh Gaya.
✅ Called Indian Napoleon.
✅ Also called Kaviraja.
✅ He is depicted in his coins playing Veena.
National Ganga River Basin Authority:
▪️ Constituted in 2009 under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. It is a body for planning, coordinating and financing for both centre and state.
▪️ The main functions include:
✔️Conservation and reduction of pollution in the Ganga River and using comprehensive planning and management.
✔️Development of the river basin is the core approach for management. All the activities and measure are aimed at reducing pollution and relevant to river ecology.
✔️Management of minimum ecology flow. Infrastructures like sewerage, catchment area and protection against flood.
✔️Investigation and research project for improving the quality of water and creating public awareness to use water conservation practices.
✔️Monitor and review of all the programmes and activities.
📮14 March
❇️ International Day of Mathematics
गणित का अंतर्राष्ट्रीय दिवस
▪️Theme 2023 - "Mathematics for Everyone"
🔸This day was first celebrated in 2020 on the 14th of March by International Mathematical Union
🔹March 14 is already known as Pi(π) Day
🔸Pi (π) is approximately = 3.14 = 22/7
🔹22 July = Pi approximation Day
🔸22 December = National Mathematics Day (birth anniversary of Srinivasa Ramanujan)
💠Award related to Mathematics 👇
▪️Fields Medal (mathematician's Nobel Prize)
▪️Rolf Nevanlinna Prize
▪️Chern Medal
▪️Leelavati Award
🔹Leelavati is a twelfth century mathematical treatise written by the Indian mathematician Bhaskara II
🔸Arithmophobia : Fear of Maths subject
💠International Mathematical Union
▪️President : Carlos E. Kenig
▪️Parent organization : International Science Council.
🏆95th OSCAR AWARDS 2023🏆
🏆 BEST FILM
🔷 Everything Everywhere All at Once (winner)
🏆 BEST ACTOR
🔷 Brendan Fraser for 'The Whale'
🏆 BEST ACTRESS
🔷 Michelle Yeoh for 'Everything Everywhere All at Once'
🏆 BEST DIRECTOR
🔷 Daniel Kwan with Daniel Scheinert for 'Everything Everywhere All at Once'
🏆 BEST ORIGINAL SONG
🔷 Naatu Naatu by Kaala Bhairava and Rahul Sipligunj (RRR)🇮🇳
🏆 BEST DOCUMENTARY SHORT
🔷 The Elephant Whisperers 🇮🇳
🏆 BEST ANIMATED FEATURE
🔷 Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio
🏆 BEST INTERNATIONAL FEATURE FILM
🔷 All Quiet on the Western Front
🏆BEST ORIGINAL SCREENPLAY FILM
🔷 Everything Everywhere All at Once.
🔆Tropical Evergreen Trees( given in NCERT) :
R E M A (Rema)
✅Rosewood,
✅Ebony,
✅Mahogany,
✅Aini
▪️Semi Evergreen ( in NCERT):
C H K (check)
✅cedar,
✅hallock,
✅Kail
▪️Tropical Deciduous Dry( in NCERT):
P A K ka T A B ela ( Pak ka Tabela)
✅Palas,
✅amaltas,
✅Khair,
✅Tendu,
✅Axlewood ,
✅Bel
▪️Tropical Deciduous Moist (in NCERT) :
SSS AT ( Three Sat)
✅Sandalwood,
✅Sal,
✅Shisham,
✅Amla,
✅Teak.
Mnemonics;
Arrival Of European companies in chronological order
Trick: PD BD FS
P = Portuguese (1498)
D = Dutch
B-BRITISH English) (1600)
D = Dennis (1616)
F = French (1664)
S = Swedish (1731.
✅ Festivals of Manipur:
🔆 Yaoshang Festival
🔆 Gaan Ngai Festival
🔆 Sangai Festival
🔆 Amur Falcon Festival
🔆 Lai Haraoba Festival
🔆 Manipur Sangai Festival
🔆 Lui Ngai Ni Festival
🔆 Ningol Chakouba Festival
🔆 Kachai Lemon Festival
🔆 Shirui Lily Festival
📍 Association of SouthEast Asian Nations (ASEAN):
🖍️ Established: 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand
🖍️ Secretariat: Indonesia, Jakarta
🖍️ It is an intergovernmental organization aimed primarily at promoting economic growth and regional stability.
🖍️ Founding Members: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand.
🖍️ Later Members: Brunei Darussalam (1984), Vietnam (1995), Lao PDR and Myanmar (1997), and Cambodia (1999).
11 March 2023 Current Affairs
➼ Vice President Jagdeep Dhankhar releases the book on Mundaka Upanishad
➼ Malaysia ex-PM Muhyiddin Yassin arrested, faces corruption charge
➼ Colonel Geeta Rana became the first woman officer to command a field workshop
➼ Axis Mutual Fund appoints B Gopkumar as MD and CEO
➼ Citi names Bhanu Vohra as Head of Commercial Banking in India
➼ IndiGo appoints Mark Sutch as CCO of CarGo International
➼ Ram Chandra Poudel elected as new Nepal president
➼ India Bags Golden & Silver Star at the International ‘Golden City Gate Tourism Awards 2023 at ITB, Berlin 2023
➼ Sir David Chipperfield Selected as the 2023 Laureate of the Pritzker Architecture Prize
➼ Noted Assamese Scholar Indibor Deuri Passes Away
➼ Assam creates Guinness World Records for the largest number of handwritten notes
➼ Neiphiu Rio became the Chief Minister of Nagaland for the fifth time.
🔆National Bamboo Mission
✅Recently, the National Workshop of Bamboo Sector Development was conducted under the National Bamboo Mission (NBM) in New Delhi on 10th March 2023.
About National Bamboo Mission:
✅It is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme started in the year 2006-07 and was subsumed under the Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH), for the years 2014-15 and 2015-16.
✅MIDH is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme implemented from 2014-15 for the holistic development of horticulture in the country, covering fruits, vegetables, root and tuber crops, mushrooms, spices, flowers, aromatic plants, coconut, cashew and cocoa.
✅The aim of the National Bamboo Mission will focus on the development of bamboo in limited States where it has social, commercial and economical advantages.
✅Nodal Ministry: Department of Agriculture & Cooperation (DAC) under the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare.
✅Bamboo is majorly grown in North Eastern region and States including Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Karnataka, Uttarakhand, Bihar, Jharkhand, Andhra etc.
Benefits of the Mission:
✅The initiative would assist farmers, local craftspeople, and other persons involved in the bamboo industry, including allied sectors, both directly and indirectly.
✅The initiative aims to reduce the import of bamboo goods while also increasing farmer income.
It establishes a full value chain for the expansion of the bamboo sector.
🔆Yaoshang Festival
✅Recently, the five-day-long Yaoshang festival, Manipur’s version of Holi, has begun.
✅The festival is celebrated every year on the full moon of Lamta month (February-March) of the Meitei lunar calendar.
✅The festival is celebrated by the Meitei people who are predominantly Hindu.
✅It is celebrated at the same time as Holi and is known as ‘Manipur’s version of Holi’.
✅The five-day-long celebration begins with the burning of ‘yaoshang’ (a small thatch hut/straw hut) which is constructed with bamboo and straws on the first day.
✅The highlight of the festival is the ThabalChongba, a traditional Manipuri folk dance where boys and girls hold hands and sing and dance in a circle.
✅The festival marks the rejuvenation of the spirit of life and commemorates the birthday of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu.
✅Children visit neighbours to ask for a monetary donation which is called.
🔆Meitei people
✅Meiteis are the dominant population of Manipur in northeastern India.
✅A majority follow Hinduism while more than 8% are Muslims, locally known as
✅The Marup system (literally, "friendship association"), a type of cooperative saving and credit institution, is an intriguing aspect of Meitei village's socio-economic organisation.
✅They speak a Tibeto-Burman language, they differ culturally from the surrounding hill tribes by following Hindu customs.
West African lion
🧤Numbers: 120-374 West African lions are estimated to remain in the wild
Lions were recently classified into two subspecies:
🧤Panthera leo leo (‘northern lion’): Inhabiting west Africa, north Africa, West Asia and India
IUCN: Critically Endangered
🧤Panthera leo melanochaita (‘southern lion’): Inhabits eastern and southern Africa
IUCN: Vulnerable..
☑️ Types Of Big Cats & Their Locations:
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❇️ 8 March
👱🏻♀International Women’s Day
अंतर्राष्ट्रीय महिला दिवस
Theme23 - “DigitALL: Innovation and technology for gender equality”
👩🏻🦱 International Women's Day will be celebrated across the world on March 8 to mark the social, economic, cultural, and political achievements of women.
👩🏻🦰 For the first time, International Women's Day was celebrated in 1911.
👩🏻National Women's Commission ➖ 1992
🟢 NEWS
🔶 Global Gender Gap Report 2022
India - 135th
🔷 Women’s Prize for Fiction - Ruth Ozeki for “The Book of Form and Emptiness”.
🔶 World Women's Entrepreneur Award - Sangeeta Abhayan Kerala Entrepreneur
🔷 Salhoutuonuo Kruse And Hekani Jakhalu Become 1st Women MLAs From Nagaland
🔶 UNESCO Decides To Dedicates 2023 The International Day Of Education To Afghan Girls And Women
🔷 National Women’s Day Of India 2022: 13 Feb ( Sarojini Naidu )...
About Lala Lajpat Rai:
✅Birth: He was born on 28th January, 1865 in a small village named Dhudike in Punjab’s Ferozepur district.
✅Lala Lajpat Rai was one of the greatest freedom fighters of India.
✅He was also called ‘Punjab Kesari’ and 'Lion of Punjab'.
✅He studied law at the Government College, Lahore.
✅Was influenced by Swami Dayananda Saraswati and joined the Arya Samaj in Lahore.
✅He believed that the ideals in Hinduism combined with nationalism will lead to the establishment of a secular state.
✅Along with Bipin Chandra Pal and Bal Gangadhar Tilak, he formed the Lal-Bal-Pal trio of extremist leaders.
✅He was also involved with the Hindu Mahasabha.
✅He fought against untouchability.
Contributions:
▪️Political:
✅He joined the Indian National Congress (INC) and participated in many political agitations in Punjab.
✅For his political agitation, he was deported to Burma without trial in 1907 but returned after a few months because of lack of evidence.
✅He was opposed to the partition of Bengal.
✅He founded the Home Rule League of America in 1917 in New York. In the US, he worked to get moral support for the Indian independence movement from the international community.
✅He was also elected President of the All India Trade Union Congress.
✅He supported the non-cooperation movement of Gandhi at the Nagpur session of the Congress in 1920.
✅He protested against the Rowlatt Act and the Jallianwala Bagh massacre that followed.
✅He was elected deputy leader of the Central Legislative Assembly in 1926.
✅In 1928, he moved a resolution in the assembly refusing cooperation with the Simon Commission since the Commission had no Indian members.
▪️Social:
✅He founded Hindu Relief movement in 1897 to provide help to the famine -stricken people and thus prevent them falling into the clutches of the missionaries.
✅He founded the Servants of People Society in 1921.
✅Literary : His important literary works include Young India, England’s Debt to India, Evolution of Japan, India’s Will to Freedom, Message of the Bhagavad Gita, Political Future of India, Problem of National Education in India, The Depressed Glasses, and the travelogue ‘United States of America’.
▪️Institutional:
✅He founded several institutions and organizations such as Hisar Bar Council, Hisar Arya Samaj, Hisar Congress, National DAV Managing Committee.
✅He was the editor of the Arya Gazette, which he had founded.
He co-founded the Punjab National Bank in 1894.
✅Death: In 1928, he was leading a silent protest against the Simon Commission in Lahore when he was brutally lathi-charged by Superintendent of Police, James Scott. He died of injuries sustained a few weeks later.