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🔆Allahabad Pillar Inscription (Prayag Prasasti) (335–375 AD) :
✅Prashasti is a eulogy that means "in praise of someone."
✅The Allahabad Prasasti was first inscribed on the Ashokan Pillar in Kausambhi, near Allahabad.
✅It was later relocated to the Allahabad fort.
✅It is an Ashokan Stambh, but it has four different inscriptions, The standard Ashokan inscriptions in Brahmi script are found on all pillars.
✅The Queen's edict lauding Ashoka's wife Kaurwaki's charitable deeds.
✅Inscriptions of Samudragupta written by Harisena in Sanskrit and Brahmi script. It discusses Samudragupta's conquests and the boundaries of the Gupta Empire.
✅Jahangir’s Persian inscriptions.
POSH Act 2013:
(Source: Insight IAS)
🔘Tungnath Temple
In News
The central government recently issued a notification declaring the ancient temple of Tungnath as a monument of national importance.
About
◾️Tungnath Temple is located in Rudraprayag District, Uttarakhand.
◾️It is the highest Shiva temple in the world nestled at an altitude of 3680 meters.
◾️It is one of the Panch Kedars and is believed to have belonged to an ancient era almost 1000 years old.
◾️It was built in the North Indian style of architecture and has a dozen shrines of other Gods surrounding the temple.
◾️Panch Kedar is a group of five sacred shrines of Lord Shiva located in the Garhwal Himalayas, Uttarakhand.
◾️The five temples are the Kedarnath Temple , the Tungnath Temple, the Rudranath Temple, the Madhyamaheshwar Temple or Madmaheshwar and the Kalpeshwar Temple.
🔘Quasicrystals : Third Natural Source
In News
Scientists have discovered a third natural source of quasicrystals.
About
◾️Quasicrystal, also called quasi-periodic crystal, matter formed atomically in a manner somewhere between the amorphous solids of glasses and the precise pattern of crystals.
◾️In quasicrystals, the atoms are arranged in a pattern that repeats itself at irregular, yet predictable, intervals.
◾️The American-Israeli scientist Dan Shechtman discovered quasicrystals in the lab in 1982.
◾️The first natural quasicrystal found was as microscopic grains in a fragment of the Khatyrka meteorite lying in the Koryak mountains of Russia.
◾️The second time scientists found natural quasicrystals in the remains of the Trinity test of the Manhattan Project.
◾️Recently in the Sand Hills dunes in northern Nebraska, where scientists found silicate glass which is a dodecagonal quasicrystal, rare even for quasicrystals
🔆Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD)
✅ Why In News: The whitefly attacks have led to the spread of cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) across the cotton belt of Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan.
▪️Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD)
✅CLCuD is a viral disease that affects the overall growth of the cotton plant and hits its yield.
✅Leaves of infected cotton curl both upward and downward.
✅When whiteflies attack the crop, the CLCuD is expected because they transmit the virus further.
✅During the survey, cotton farmers informed that they have done two or three sprays to control the white flies.
✅Farmers also indicated that they have sown CLCuD-resistant hybrids and even after that the attack of the virus is prevalent.
🔆Kushiyara River
✅The Kushiyara River is a distributary river in Bangladesh and Assam, India.
✅It forms on the India-Bangladesh border as a branch of the Barak River, when the Barak separates into the Kushiyara and Surma.
✅Origin and course: The waters of the Kushiyara thus originate in the state of Nagaland in India and pick up tributaries from Manipur, Mizoram and Assam.
🔸From its origin at the mouth of the Barak, also known as the Amshid bifurcation point, the Kushiyara flows westward forming the boundary between Assam, India, and the Sylhet District of Bangladesh.
✅Distance covered: Altogether, the Kushiyara runs about 160 kilometres.
■ TROPICAL DRY DECIDOUS FORESTS.
#Naturalvegetation
□ CLIMATIC CONDITION
◇ Annual rainfall is 100-150 cm.
□ CHARACTERSTICS
◇ These are similar to moist deciduous forests and shed their leaves in dry season.
◇ The major difference is that they can grow in areas of comparatively less rainfall.
◇ They represent a transitional type – moist deciduous on the wetter side and thorn forests on the drier side.
◇ They have closed but uneven canopy.
◇ The forests are composed of a mixture of a few species of deciduous trees rising up to a height of 20 me tres.
◇ Undergrowth: Enough light reaches the ground to permit the growth of grass and climbers.
□ DISTRIBUTION.
◇ They occur in an irregular wide strip running from the foot of the Himalayas to Kanyakumari except in Rajasthan, Western Ghats and West Bengal.
◇ The important species are teak, axlewood, rosewood, common bamboo, red sanders, laurel, etc.
◇ Large tracts of this forest have been cleared for agricultural purposes.
▪︎SOURCE - D.R. Khullar.
Indias first commer SSA observatory
✅India's first commercial Space situational awareness Observatory will be set up in the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand.
🌲The observatory will be set up by Digantara, a Bengaluru-based space sector start-up.
Key Points of the Observatory
✅The observatory will be the first-of-its-kind in the region, set up to augment the start-up’s SSA capabilities.
✅It will be strategically positioned to serve global space traffic management operations.
✅It will assist in tracking any activity in space including that of space debris and military satellites hovering over the region.
✅At present, the US is a dominant player in monitoring space debris.
✅The observatory will bring value to the nation by serving as an essential data source for advancing knowledge of the realm of space.
✅It will be able to supplement its space-based sensors in their mission to monitor satellites and debris in orbits ranging from Low Earth Orbit (LEO) to Geosynchronous earth orbit.
■ TROPICAL MOIST DECIDUOUS
#Naturalvegetation
□ CLIMATIC CONDITIONS.
◇ Annual rainfall 100 to 200 cm.
◇ Mean annual temperature of 27 °C.
◇ Spring and summer are dry.
□ CHARACTERSTICS
◇ The trees drop their leaves during the spring and early summer when sufficient moisture not available.
◇ General appearance is bare in extreme summers (April-May).
◇ Tropical moist deciduous forests present irregular top storey (25 to 60 m).
◇ Heavily buttressed trees and fairly complete undergrowth.
◇ These forests occupy a much larger area, but large tracts under these forests have been cleared for cultivation.
□ DISTRIBUTION
◇ The belt running along the Western Ghats surrounding the belt of evergreen forests.
◇ A strip along the Shiwalik range including terai and bhabar from 77° E to 88° E.
◇ Manipur and Mizoram.
◇ Hills of eastern Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh.
◇ Chota Nagpur Plateau.
◇ Most of Odisha.
◇ Parts of West Bengal and
◇ Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
▪︎SOURCE - D.R. KHULLAR, CHAPTER -6.
🧰 8th May
🔴 World Red Cross
विश्व रेड क्रॉस दिवस
Theme 2023 : "Everything we do comes #fromtheheart"
❣ Red Cross Day was adopted on May 08, 1948 and it was officially declared as World Red Cross (or Red Crescent Day).
❣ First Red Cross Day was celebrated in 1948.
❣ This date is the anniversary of the birth of Henry Dunant, who was born on 8 May 1828.
❣ He was the founder of International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and the recipient of the first Nobel Peace Prize.
❣ International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
🔶Danish Red Cross Launched the World’s First Volcano Cat Bond
🏢 ICRC : International Committee for Red Cross
🔻 Formation : 1863
🔻 HQ : Geneva, Switzerland
🔻 D.G : Yves Daccord
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❇️ 8th May
🩸 World Thalassemia Day
विश्व थैलेसीमिया दिवस
Theme 2023 : "'Be aware. Share. Care.'
An inherited blood disorder that causes your body to have less hemoglobin than normal.
International Organizations:
Conventions and Protocols:
Ramsar Convention- wetlands
Bonn Convention- On migratory birds
Vienna Convention- Ozone layer
Montreal Protocol- Ozone layer
Minamata Convention- Mercury
Geneva Protocol- Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare
Stockholm Convention- Persistant Organic pollutants(POP)
Rotterdam Convention- Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides
Basel Convention- Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal
India’s first Water Bodies Census.
✅ It was released by Ministry of Jal Shakti.
✅ The report of a comprehensive data base of ponds, tanks, lakes, and reservoirs in the country.
✅ The census was conducted in 2018 - 19, and enumerated more than 2.4 million water.
Meitei Community:
The Meitei community in Manipur has intended to file contempt proceedings against the Hill Areas Committee (HAC) of the Manipur Legislative Assembly.
About the Issue
The Meitei community has been seeking the Scheduled Tribe status for decades. Recently, the Manipur High Court ordered the State government to recommend the inclusion of the Meitei community in the Scheduled Tribes list, following which the HAC passed a resolution opposing the high court’s order and called for the Union government and the State government to appeal it.
About Meitei community:
Manipur’s two major tribal communities – Naga and Kuki – live in the hill districts, which account for about 90% of the state’s area.
But these 10 districts send only 20 legislators to the 60-member legislative assembly since they are more sparsely populated than the Valley.
The Meiteis account for roughly 64.6% of the state’s population and are largely concentrated in the Imphal Valley.
They are currently categorised as OBCs or SCs, the Meitei people dominate in more than half the State’s Assembly constituencies. A majority of them identify as Hindu while about 8% are Muslim
Agmark Registration:
(Source: Insight IAS)
✅ Nuclear Plants In India:
(Source: The Indian Express)
■ SUB TROPICAL MOIST PINE FORESTS.
◇ Distribution - Western Himalayas between 73°E and 88°E longitudes at elevations between 1000 to 2000 metres above sea level.
◇ Some hilly regions of Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Naga Hills and Khasi Hills.
◇ Chir or Chil is the most dominant tree which forms pure stands.
◇ It provides valuable timber for furniture, boxes and buildings.
◇ It is also used for producing resin and turpentine.
▪︎SOURCE - D.R.KHULLAR, CHAPTER - 6.
■ CLASSIFICATION OF ROCKS:
◇ The crustal rocks are classified on several grounds e.g. mode of formation, physical and chemical properties, locations etc.
◇ On the basis of mode of formation The rocks are divided into three broad categories :-
1. Igneous rocks
2. Sedimentary rocks,
3. Metamorphic rocks.
#River_India
▪️ Yamuna River
▪️ The Yamuna, is the second-largest tributary river of the Ganga and the longest tributary in India.
▪️Originates from the Yamunotri glacier near Bandarpoonch peaks in the Mussoorie range of the lower Himalayas in Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand.
▪️It meets the Ganges at the Sangam (where Kumbh mela is held) in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh after flowing through Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana and Delhi.
▪️Length: 1376 km
▪️ Tributaries : Chambal, Betwa, Ken, Sindh, Baghain,Rishiganga
▪️ Yamuna is one of the National Waterways of India, designated as NW110 in Haryana, Delhi and Uttar Pradesh.
▪️Imp. Dam: Lakhwar-Vyasi Dam (Uttarakhand), Tajewala Barrage Dam (Haryana) etc.
❇️ 12 May
🔴 International Nurses Day
अंतर्राष्ट्रीय नर्स दिवस
🟢 Theme 2023 : "Our Nurses. Our Future."
♦️This day also marks the anniversary of Florence Nightingale's birth.
🔵 World Health Organization has designated 2020 as the Year of the Nurse and Midwife in honour of the 200th anniversary of Florence Nightingale’s birth.
♦️ Florence Nightingale is known as "Lady with the Lamp"
♦️International Council of Nurses (ICN)
🔶 Founded : 1899
🔶 HQ : Geneva, Switzerland
🔷 6 May : National Nurses Day
🔷 6 -12 May : National Nurses Week
✍ Credit : Arvιnd Kυмar ✪
☑️ Build-Operate-Transfer Toll Model:
Читать полностью…
❇️ 11th May
🛰 National Technology Day
राष्ट्रीय प्रौद्योगिकी दिवस
Theme23: 'School to Startups-Igniting Young Minds to Innovate.'
🌸On 11th of May,1998 India victoriously test fired the nuclear missile, Shakti-I at the Pokhran Test Range of Indian Army in Rajasthan. It is a reminder of the anniversary of Shakti
🧿SHAKTI🧿
The first nuclear test Pokhran with a codenamed as ‘Smiling Buddha’ was carried out in May 1974
🏂The test was led by late aerospace engineer & President Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam. Later, Prime Minister Atal Bihari Bajpayee declared India as a nuclear state.
🟢NEWS
🔶India and Mexico have signed MoU on research technology.
🔶Hyderabad Hosts India’s First-Ever Unique Kind Of Flow Chemistry Technology Hub
🔶L&T & IIT Bombay Develop Green Hydrogen Technology
🔶Nation’s First AI & Robotics Technology Park (ARTPARK) - Bengaluru
🔶Centres For Nanotechnology - IIT Guwahati
🏢 Ministry of Science & Technology
▪️Dr. Jitendra Singh
▪️Udhampur
■ TYPES OF FOLDS:
◇ The nature of folds depends on several factors e.g., the nature of rocks, the nature and intensity of compressive forces, duration of the operation of compressive forces etc.
◇ Symmetrical folds are simple folds, the limbs (both) of which incline uniformly.
◇ Asymmetrical folds are characterized by unequal and irregular limbs. Both the limbs incline at different angles.
◇ Monoclinal folds are those in which one limb inclines moderately with regular slope while the other limb linclines steeply at right angle and the slope is almost vertical.
◇ Isoclinal folds are formed when the compressive forces are so strong that both the limbs of the fold become parallel but not horizontal.
The Rig Veda
▪️ The Rig Veda is the earliest of the Vedas. It is a collection of 1,028 hymns in Vedic Sanskrit.
▪️ Many of these are beautiful descriptions of the nature. The prayers are largely for seeking worldly prosperity.
▪️ It is believed that these recitations are the natural outpouring of the Vedic Rishis, experiencing a mentally transcendental stage.
▪️ Some of the well-known Rishis are Vasistha, Gautama, Gritasamada, Vamadeva, Vishvamitra and Atri.
▪️ The prominent gods of the Rig Veda are Indra, Agni, Varun, Rudra, Aditya, Vayu, Aditi and the Ashwini twins.
▪️ Some of the prominent goddesses are Usha - the goddess of dawn, Vak - the goddess of speech and Prithvi - the goddess of earth.
➼ Assamese Braille dictionary adjudged largest by Guinness World Records
➼ Karnataka ranked the most ‘innovative’ State by the National Manufacturing Innovation Survey
➼ UGC launches 'CU-Chayan', a unified faculty recruitment portal for central universities
➼ US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Approves First RSV Vaccine for Older Adults
➼ Olympic silver medallist Nijel Amos gets 3-year ban for doping
➼ South Africa fast bowler Shabnim Ismail quits international cricket
➼ Geoffrey Emmanuel first Indian to compete in FIM JuniorGP
➼ Air Marshal Ashutosh Dixit appointed as new Deputy Chief of Air Staff
➼ Polavarapu Mallikharjuna Prasad selected as the next Chairman and Managing Director of Coal India (CIL)
➼ 2016 Olympic Gold Medalist Tori Bowie Dies At 32
2016
➼ International Firefighter’s Day 2023: 04 May
➼ World Portuguese Language Day 2023: 05 May
➼ Himachal Cabinet approves monthly incentive of Rs 1,500 for women of Spiti
Luni River:
▪️Luni is an endorheic river.
▪️The Luni or the Salt River (Lonari
or Lavanavari in Sanskrit) is named
so because its water is brackish
below Balotra.
▪️It is also known as the Sagarmati.
▪️It originates from Western slopes of
the Aravalli ranges near Ajmer.
▪️Its total catchment area falls in
Rajasthan.
Mumbai to soon get India’s first-ever twin undersea tunnels.
(Source: The Indian Express)
✅ Mahi River:
▪️The river originates from Dhar district of Madhya Pradesh.
▪️The river flows through Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Gujarat.
▪️It is a Westward flowing river which drains into Arabian sea near Gulf of Khambhat..
▪️Major Tributaries of the Mahi river: Som River ,Anas River ,Panam River , Goma River , Mesri River
▪️Mahi Bajaj Sagar dam and Kadana Dam are the major Hydro Power stations situated on this river.
🔆What are Channapatna Toys?
✅Toy manufacturers in Channapatna, Karnataka, applauded the Government's decision to prohibit the import of toys from China and said that the government's action is contributing to augmenting their profitability.
📍About Channapatna Toys:
✅Channapatna toys are a particular form of wooden toys and dolls that are manufactured in the town of Channapatna in the Ramanagara district of Karnataka.
✅Channapatna is also known as Gombegala Ooru (toy-town).
✅History:
The historic ruler of Mysore, Tipu Sultan, is the one attributed to introducing these wooden toys to the current town of Channapatna.
✅He invited artists from Persia to train the local artists in wooden toy making, which then helped this industry thrive locally.
📍Features:
✅Most of these toys are handmade.
✅They are also painted in organic colours extracted from vegetables and plants and natural dyes, making the Channapatna Toys 100% chemical free.
✅Traditionally, they are mostly made of Ivory Wood. However, nowadays, sandalwood and mango wood are also used.
✅Their shapes are mostly round and cubes with blunt edges, so they are completely safe for kids.
✅They received the geographical indication (GI) tag in 2005.