##########################
## Finding Files (find, locate)
##########################
## LOCATE ##
# updating the locate db
sudo updatedb
# displaying statistics
locate -S
# finding file by name
locate filename # => filename is expanded to *filename*
locate -i filename # => the filename is case insensitive
locate -b '\filename' # => finding by exact name
# finding using the basename
locate -b filename
# finding using regular expressions
locate -r 'regex'
# checking that the file exists
locate -e filename
# showing command path
which command
which -a command
## FIND ##
find PATH OPTIONS
# Example: find ~ -type f -size +1M # => finding all files in ~ bigger than 1 MB
## Options:
# -type f, d, l, s, p
# -name filename
# -iname filename # => case-insensitive
# -size n, +n, -n
# -perm permissions
# -links n, +n, -n
# -atime n, -mtime n, ctime n
# -user owner
# -group group_owner
##########################
## Working with files and directory (touch, mkdir, cp, mv, rm, shred)
##########################
# creating a new file or updating the timestamps if the file already exists
touch filename
# creating a new directory
mkdir dir1
# creating a directory and its parents as well
mkdir -p mydir1/mydir2/mydir3
######################
### The cp command ###
######################
# copying file1 to file2 in the current directory
cp file1 file2
# copying file1 to dir1 as another name (file2)
cp file1 dir1/file2
# copying a file prompting the user if it overwrites the destination
cp -i file1 file2
# preserving the file permissions, group and ownership when copying
cp -p file1 file2
# being verbose
cp -v file1 file2
# recursively copying dir1 to dir2 in the current directory
cp -r dir1 dir2/
# copy more source files and directories to a destination directory
cp -r file1 file2 dir1 dir2 destination_directory/
######################
### The mv command ###
######################
# renaming file1 to file2
mv file1 file2
# moving file1 to dir1
mv file1 dir1/
# moving a file prompting the user if it overwrites the destination file
mv -i file1 dir1/
# preventing a existing file from being overwritten
mv -n file1 dir1/
# moving only if the source file is newer than the destination file or when the destination file is missing
mv -u file1 dir1/
# moving file1 to dir1 as file2
mv file1 dir1/file2
# moving more source files and directories to a destination directory
mv file1 file2 dir1/ dir2/ destination_directory/
######################
### The rm command ###
######################
# removing a file
rm file1
# being verbose when removing a file
rm -v file1
# removing a directory
rm -r dir1/
# removing a directory without prompting
rm -rf dir1/
# removing a file and a directory prompting the user for confirmation
rm -ri fil1 dir1/
# secure removal of a file (verbose with 100 rounds of overwriting)
shred -vu -n 100 file1
##########################
## File Timestamps and Date
##########################
# displaying atime
ls -lu
# displaying mtime
ls -l
ls -lt
# displaying ctime
ls -lc
# displaying all timestamps
stat file.txt
# displaying the full timestamp
ls -l --full-time /etc/
# creating an empty file if it does not exist, update the timestamps if the file exists
touch file.txt
# changing only the access time to current time
touch -a file
# changing only the modification time to current time
touch -m file
# changing the modification time to a specific date and time
touch -m -t 201812301530.45 a.txt
# changing both atime and mtime to a specific date and time
touch -d "2010-10-31 15:45:30" a.txt
# changing the timestamp of a.txt to those of b.txt
touch a.txt -r b.txt
# displaying the date and time
date
# showing this month's calendar
cal
# showing the calendar of a specific year
cal 2021
# showing the calendar of a specific month and year
cal 7 2021
# showing the calendar of previous, current and next month
cal -3
# setting the date and time
date --set="2 OCT 2020 18:00:00"
# displaying the modification time and sorting the output by name.
ls -l
# displaying the output sorted by modification time, newest files first
ls -lt
# displaying and sorting by atime
ls -ltu
# reversing the sorting order
ls -ltu --reverse
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##########################
## Bash History
##########################
# showing the history
history
# removing a line (ex: 100) from the history
history -d 100
# removing the entire history
history -c
# printing the no. of commands saved in the history file (~/.bash_history)
echo $HISTFILESIZE
# printing the no. of history commands saved in the memory
echo $HISTSIZE
# rerunning the last command from the history
!!
# running a specific command from the history (ex: the 20th command)
!20
# running the last nth (10th) command from the history
!-10
# running the last command starting with abc
!abc
# printing the last command starting with abc
!abc:p
# reverse searching into the history
CTRL + R
# recording the date and time of each command in the history
HISTTIMEFORMAT="%d/%m/%y %T "
##########################
## Getting Help in Linux
##########################
# MAN Pages
man command # => Ex: man ls
# The man page is displayed with the less command
# SHORTCUTS:
# h => getting help
# q => quit
# enter => show next line
# space => show next screen
# /string => search forward for a string
# ?string => search backwards for a string
# n / N => next/previous appearance
# checking if a command is shell built-in or executable file
type rm # => rm is /usr/bin/rm
type cd # => cd is a shell builtin
# getting help for shell built-in commands
help command # => Ex: help cd
command --help # => Ex: rm --help
# searching for a command, feature or keyword in all man Pages
man -k uname
man -k "copy files"
apropos passwd
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https://youtu.be/PWVT4jlKPR0
" Cyber Night " - Technical event
We invite you to the cyber night brought together by Tecca and Anotech. Arrangements have been made to start the event on December 31st at 9.30 pm. In this we talk about many aspects of Hacking.
Use the below Google form to register for the above mentioned workshop.
##########################
## Searching for text patterns (grep)
##########################
grep [OPTIONS] pattern file
Options:
-n # => print line number
-i # => case insensitive
-v # inverse the match
-w # search for whole words
-a # search in binary files
-R # search in directory recursively
-c # display only the no. of matches
-C n # display a context (n lines before and after the match)
# printing ASCII chars from a binary file
strings binary_file
##########################
## Piping and Command Redirection
##########################
## Piping Examples:
ls -lSh /etc/ | head # see the first 10 files by size
ps -ef | grep sshd # checking if sshd is running
ps aux --sort=-%mem | head -n 3 # showing the first 3 process by memory consumption
## Command Redirection
# output redirection
ps aux > running_processes.txt
who -H > loggedin_users.txt
# appending to a file
id >> loggedin_users.txt
# output and error redirection
tail -n 10 /var/log/*.log > output.txt 2> errors.txt
# redirecting both the output and errors to the same file
tail -n 2 /etc/passwd /etc/shadow > output_errors.txt 2>&1
cat -n /var/log/auth.log | grep -ai "authentication failure" | wc -l
cat -n /var/log/auth.log | grep -ai "authentication failure" > auth.txt # => piping and redirection
##########################
## Viewing files (cat, less, more, head, tail, watch)
##########################
# displaying the contents of a file
cat filename
# displaying more files
cat filename1 filename2
# displaying the line numbers
can -n filename
# concatenating 2 files
cat filename1 filename2 > filename3
# viewing a file using less
less filename
# less shortcuts:
# h => getting help
# q => quit
# enter => show next line
# space => show next screen
# /string => search forward for a string
# ?string => search backwards for a string
# n / N => next/previous appearance
# showing the last 10 lines of a file
tail filename
# showing the last 15 lines of a file
tail -n 15 filename
# showing the last lines of a file starting with line no. 15
tail -n +5 filename
# showing the last 10 lines of the file in real-time
tail -f filename
# showing the first 10 lines of a file
head filename
# showing the first 15 lines of a file
head -n 15 filename
# running repeatedly a command with refresh of 3 seconds
watch -n 3 ls -l
##########################
## The ls Command
## ls [OPTIONS] [FILES]
##########################
# listing the current directory
# ~ => user's home directory
# . => current directory
# .. => parent directory
ls
ls .
# listing more directories
ls ~ /var /
# -l => long listing
ls -l ~
# -a => listing all files and directories including hidden ones
ls -la ~
# -1 => listing on a single column
ls -1 /etc
# -d => displaying information about the directory, not about its contents
ls -ld /etc
# -h => displaying the size in human readable format
ls -h /etc
# -S => displaying sorting by size
ls -Sh /var/log
# Note: ls does not display the size of a directory and all its contents. Use du instead
du -sh ~
# -X => displaying sorting by extension
ls -lX /etc
# --hide => hiding some files
ls --hide=*.log /var/log
# -R => displaying a directory recursively
ls -lR ~
# -i => displaying the inode number
ls -li /etc
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##########################
## Running commands as root (sudo, su)
##########################
# running a command as root (only users that belong to sudo group [Ubuntu] or wheel [CentOS])
sudo command
# becoming root temporarily in the terminal
sudo su # => enter the user's password
# setting the root password
sudo passwd root
# changing a user's password
passwd username
# becoming root temporarily in the terminal
su # => enter the root password
##########################
## Keyboard Shortcuts
##########################
TAB # autocompletes the command or the filename if its unique
TAB TAB (press twice) # displays all commands or filenames that start with those letters
# clearing the current line
CTRL + L
# closing the shell (exit)
CTRL + D
# cutting (removing) the current line
CTRL + U
# moving the cursor to start of the line
CTRL + A
# moving the cursor to the end of the line
Ctrl + E
# stopping the current command
CTRL + C
# sleeping a the running program
CTRL + Z
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How to hack CCTV | Google Hacking | Docking in Sinhala | Ep 2 :-
https://youtu.be/j1FYROxBar8
Google hacking/docking is very helpful thing for everyone,
It helps us to search anything easily. So in this video I talk about how to get access IP cameras & CCTV cameras.
Tap on Like and put a comment on YouTube guys, and Share🌝❤️
Google Hacking is Scary easy | Docking in Sinhala | Ep 1 :-
https://youtu.be/aTA6EE21G7M
Google Hacking | Common Query Operator | Docking in Sinhala.
Google hacking/docking is very helpful thing for everyone,
It helps us to search anything easily. So in this video I talk about basics of Google Hacking.
Today I'm talk about Common Google Query Operators and Query Operator Structures.
Then I show you how to do Google Hacking and How to use Exploit db for Docking