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Computer Security - Overview
In this tutorial, we will treat the concept of Computer Security which can be a laptop, a workstation, a server or a network device. This tutorial is done mainly for people that are within the IT industry who are IT specialists, System administrators, Security administrators.
Why Security?
Cyberspace (internet, work environment, intranet) is becoming a dangerous place for all organizations and individuals to protect their sensitive data or reputation. This is because of the numerous people and machines accessing it. It is important to mention that the recent studies have shown a big danger is coming from internal threats or from disappointed employees like the Edward Snowden case, another internal threat is that information material can be easy accessible over the intranet.
One important indicator is the IT skills of a person that wants to hack or to breach your security has decreased but the success rate of it has increased, this is because of three main factors −
Hacking tools that can be found very easily by everyone just by googling and they are endless.
Technology with the end-users has increased rapidly within these years, like internet bandwidth and computer processing speeds.
Access to hacking information manuals.
All this can make even a school boy with the curiosity, a potential hacker for your organization.
Since locking down all networks is not an available option, the only response the security managers can give is to harden their networks, applications and operating systems to a reasonable level of safety, and conducting a business disaster recovery plan.
The following graph gives us a basic idea.

What to Secure?
Let’s see this case, you are an IT administrator in a small company having two small servers staying in a corner and you are very good at your job. You are doing updates regularly, setting up firewalls, antiviruses, etc. One day, you see that the organization employees are not accessing the systems anymore. When you go and check, you see the cleaning lady doing her job and by mistake, she had removed the power cable and unplugged the server.
What I mean by this case is that even physical security is important in computer security, as most of us think it is the last thing to take care of.

Now let’s go directly to the point of what all to secure in a computer environment −
First of all, is to check the physical security by setting control systems like motion alarms, door accessing systems, humidity sensors, temperature sensors. All these components decrease the possibility of a computer to be stolen or damaged by humans and environment itself.
People having access to computer systems should have their own user id with password protection.
Monitors should be screen saver protected to hide the information from being displayed when the user is away or inactive.
Secure your network especially wireless, passwords should be used.
Internet equipment as routers to be protected with password.
Data that you use to store information which can be financial, or non-financial by encryption.
Information should be protected in all types of its representation in transmission by encrypting it.
Benefits of Computer Security Awareness
Do you know in all this digital world, what is the biggest hole or the weakest point of the security?
Answer. It is us, humans.
Most of the security breaches come from uninformed and untrained persons which give information to a third party or publish data in Internet without knowing the consequences.
See the following scenario which tells us what employees might end up doing without computer security awareness −

So the benefits of computer security awareness are obvious as it directly minimizes the potential of you being hacked off your identity, your computer, your organization.
Potential Losses due to Security Attacks
The potential loses in this cyberspace are many even if you are using a single computer in your room. Here, I will be listing some examples that have a direct impact on you and on others −
Losing you data
Types of OS
As computers and computing technologies have evolved over the years, so have their usage across many fields. To meet growing requirements more and more customized software have flooded the market. As every software needs operating system to function, operating systems have also evolved over the years to meet growing demand on their techniques and capabilities. Here we discuss some common types of OS based on their working techniques and some popularly used OS as well.
GUI OS
GUI is the acronym for Graphical User Interface. An operating system that presents an interface comprising graphics and icons is called a GUI OS. GUI OS is very easy to navigate and use as users need not remember commands to be given to accomplish each task. Examples of GUI OS includes Windows, macOS, Ubuntu, etc.
Time Sharing OS
Operating systems that schedule tasks for efficient processor use are called time sharing OS. Time sharing, or multitasking, is used by operating systems when multiple users located at different terminals need processor time to complete their tasks. Many scheduling techniques like round robin scheduling and shortest job next scheduling are used by time sharing OS.
Real Time OS
An operating system that guarantees to process live events or data and deliver the results within a stipulated span of time is called a real time OS. It may be single tasking or multitasking.
Distributed OS
An operating system that manages many computers but presents an interface of single computer to the user is called distributed OS. Such type of OS is required when computational requirements cannot be met by a single computer and more systems have to be used. User interaction is restricted to a single system; it’s the OS that distributed work to multiple systems and then presents the consolidated output as if one computer has worked on the problem at hand.
Popular Operating Systems
Initially computers had no operating systems. Every program needed full hardware specifications to run correctly as processor, memory and device management had to be done by the programs themselves. However, as sophisticated hardware and more complex application programs developed, operating systems became essential. As personal computers became popular among individuals and small businesses, demand for standard operating system grew. Let us look at some of the currently popular operating systems −
Windows − Windows is a GUI operating system first developed by Microsoft in 1985. The latest version of Windows is Windows 10. Windows is used by almost 88% of PCs and laptops globally.
Linux − Linux is an open source operating system mostly used by mainframes an supercomputers. Being open source means that its code is available for free and anyone can develop a new OS based on it.
BOSS − Bharat Operating System Solutions is an Indian distribution of Linux based on Debian, an OS. It is localized to enable use of local Indian languages. BOSS consists of −
Linux kernel
Office application suite BharteeyaOO
Web browser
Email service Thunderbird
Chat application Pidgim
File sharing applications
Multimedia applications
Mobile OS
An operating system for smartphones, tablets and other mobile devices is called mobile OS. Some of the most popular OS for mobile devices includes−
Android − This Linux-based OS by Google is the most popular mobile OS currently. Almost 85% of mobile devices use it.
Windows Phone 7 − It is the latest mobile OS developed by Microsoft.
Apple iOS − This mobile OS is an OS developed by Apple exclusively for its own mobile devices like iPhone, iPad, etc.
Blackberry OS − This is the OS used by all blackberry mobile devices like smartphones and playbooks.
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ለተማሪ......ወላጆች(አሳዳጊዎች) በቅድሚያ ሰላምታችን እያቀረብን ነገ ቅዳሜ ማለትም መጋቢት 23/2015 ዓ.ም ከቀኑ 8:00 ላይ በት/ቤታችን ግቢ ውስጥ አጠቃላይ መማር ማስተማርን በተመለከተ ከ8ኛ እና ከ11ኛ ክፍል ተማሪዎች እና ወላጆቻቸው ጋር ውይይት ስላለ በሰዓቱ ከልጄዎ ጋር በመገኘት የበኩለዎን አስተዋፅኦ እንዲያበርክቱ ጥሪ እናስተላልፋለን።
ዳልሻ ትምህርት ቤት!
💐💍ሄዋን💍💐
💛እውነተኛና ልብ አንጠልጣይ የፍቅር ታሪክ በመልካም ልቦች የቴሌግራም ገፅ ተዘጋጅቶ የቀረበ💛
💜ክፍል 1💜
ገና በልጅነቴ ነበር አባቴ ለሀብታም ጓደኛው እኔን እንደሚድረው ቃል የገባለት
እኔ ባባቴ ሀሳብ ባልስማማ አማራጭ አልነበረኝምና ባልፈልገውም ሁለተኛ ጀረጃ ትምህርቴን እንደጨረስኩ ያባቴ ጓደኛ ከዚህ በኃላ እንድማር ባለመፍቀዱና ካባቴ ጋር በመስማማታቸው እንዳገባ ተወሰነ .....
ድል ያለ ሰርግ ተደግሶ አለሜን ሳላይ አለምሽ ተብሎልኝ ተጋባን...ለመጀመሪያ ቀን ባሌ ቤት ስገባ የእስር ቤት ህይወት አንድ ብዬ መጀመሬን ለራሴ አሰብኩት...
መረረኝም ጣፈጠኝም አማራጭ አልነበረኝምና የቤት እመቤትነት ኑሮ ሳልፈልግ አንድ ብዬ ጀመርኩት.. ..
ቀናቶች ተቆጥረው ወራትን ወለዱ ባሌ ትልቅ ሰው ከመሆኑ ባሻገር ለኔ መልካም ለመሆንና ካለሀብት የሀዘን ኑሮ ሊያወጣኝ ይጥራል... እውነት ለመናገር ክፋ የሚባል አይነት ሰው አይደለም አንዳንዴ ፈገግ ብዬ ካየኝ በደስታ የሚሆነውን ነው የሚያጣው......
የሚጎድልብኝ አንድም ነገር የለም ባዶ የሚባል አይነት ኑሮ ልኑር እንጂ ማንኛዋም ሴት የምትመኘው አይነት የድሎት ህይወት ነው የምኖረው፡፡
ያልኩትንም ነገር በመፈፀም ሆነ የሚያስፈልጉኝን ነገሮች በማሟላት ወደኋላ አይልም ግን እኔ ከአባቴ እኩያ ጋር በፍቅር አብሮ መክነፍ የማላስበው ሆነ...በቃ ጭራሽ የሚሆንልኝን ነገሮች አባት ለልጁ የሚያደረገው እንክብካቤ አድርጌ እስከመቁጠር ደርሻለሁ .....
ከባለቤቴ አቶ ሽፈራው ጋር እስካሁን አንሶላ አልተጋፈፍንም ለየብቻ ነው የምናድረው እንዲህ ፍላጎቴን ማሟላት ከዚህ ከባድ መስዕዋትነት ይጀምራል እኔ ፍቃደኛ ባለመሆኔና ለዚህ ነገር ዝግጁ እስከምሆን እንዲታገሰኝ ስነግረው ቅር ቢለውም ፍላጎቴን አልተቃወመም ለዛም ነው ጥሩ ሰው መሆኑን ባንደበቴ የምመሰክረው ..... ግን አንድ ነገር እርግጠኛ ሆኜ አውቃለሁ እንደሚወደኝ... አንድ ቀን አባቴ ሊጠይቀኝ ሲመጣ እኔ ሌላ ክፍል እንደምተኛ አውቆ በጣም ተበሳጨ..... ይህን አይነት ወርቅ ህይወት ሰጥቼሽ ምን ፈልገሽ ነው እንደዚህ የምትሆኚው አለኝ...... ያባቴ እንደዛ መበሳጨት አልገባኝም......
✎ ክፍል አስር ከ50Vote♥️ በኋላ ይለቀቃል.... ቶሎ እንዲቀጥል አንብበው ሲጨርሱ Like♥️ ማድረግ አይርሱ።
ይ................
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●▬▬▬▬๑۩♡۩๑▬▬▬▬▬●
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Watch "🔴ቅድስት ሳምያ||ክፍል ሁለት|| መንፈሳዊ ትረካ||#eotc" on YouTube
https://youtu.be/bK2pHdovSC4
የ2ኛ ደረጃ ትምህርት ቤት ተማሪዎች ጥያቄና መልስ ውድድር በደብረ ታቦር ከተማ አስተዳደር ትምህርት መምሪያ(በዞን) ደረጃ ዛሬ መጋቢት16/2015 ዓ.ም ተካሂዷል::
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የትምህርት ቤታችን የ8ኛ ክፍል ተማሪ የሆነችው ፅጌማርያም ጋሻው በእለተ ዓርብ መጋቢት 08/2015 ዓ.ም ከቤተሰቦቿ ጋር ባለመግባባት ትምህርት ቤት አልመጣችም በመሆኑም እስከ ቀኑ 8:00 ከቤቷ እንደዋለችና ከ8:00 በኋላ ለቤተሰቦቿ ደብዳቤ ፅፋ በማስቀመጥ እና የትራንስፖርት ብር ጭምር እንደያዘች በመግለፅ ተሰውራለች(ጠፍታለች)፤
ስለሆነም ትምህርት ቤታችን በተማሪዋ መሰወር(መጥፋት) እያዘን ተማሪዋ ያለችበትን ያዬ፣የሰማ፣የጠቆመ...ከታች ባለው ስልክ ቁጥር እንድታሳውቁን በእግዚአብሔር ስም እንጠይቃለን።
0918255701
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ቤተሰቦቿ!
Please attach to the student & give information
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2ኛው ዙር የተማሪዎች ፅብረቃ(Presentation)ለወላጆች
ዛሬ የካቲት 20/2015 ከ5ኛ -8ኛ ክፍል
ተማሪዎች ተጀምሯል::
ከጥር 29 እስከ የካቲት 3/2015 ዓ.ም ባለው ሳምንት በየነ ምግባራቸው ለተሻሉ ተማሪዎች እና ክፍሎች እውቅና ተሰጠ::
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I have attached citizenship for grade 8th
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− If your computer has been hacked or infected, there is a big chance that all your stored data might be taken by the attacker.
Bad usage of your computer resources − This means that your network or computer can go in overload so you cannot access your genuine services or in a worst case scenario, it can be used by the hacker to attack another machine or network.
Reputation loss − Just think if your Facebook account or business email has been owned by a social engineering attack and it sends fake information to your friends, business partners. You will need time to gain back your reputation.
Identity theft − This is a case where your identity is stolen (photo, name surname, address, and credit card) and can be used for a crime like making false identity documents.

Basic Computer Security Checklist
There are some basic things that everyone of us in every operating system need to do −
Check if the user is password protected.
Check if the operating system is being updated. In my case, I did a screenshot of my laptop which is a Windows 7.

Check if the antivirus or antimalware is installed and updated. In my case, I have a Kaspersky antivirus being updated.

Check for the unusual services running that consumes resources.

Check if your monitor is using a screen saver.
Check if the computer firewall is on or not.
Check if you are doing backups regularly.
Check if there are shares that are not useful.
Check if your account has full rights or is restricted.
Update other third party software’s.
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Change Text Case
Change Text Case
In this chapter, we will discuss how to change text cases in Word 2010. You can also capitalize a character you are typing by pressing and holding the SHIFT key while you type. You can also press the CAPS LOCK to have every letter that you type capitalized, and then press the CAPS LOCK again to turn off capitalization.
Change Text to Sentence Case
A sentence case is the case where the first character of every sentence is capitalized. It is very simple to change the selected portion of text into sentence case by following two simple steps −
Step 1 − Select the portion of text that that needs to be put in sentence case. You can use any of the text selection methods to select the portion of text.
Step 2 − Click the Change Case button and then select the Sentence Caseoption to capitalize the first character of every selected sentence.

Change Text to Lowercase
Changing text to lowercase is where every word of a sentence is in lowercase. It is very simple to change a selected portion of text into lowercase by following two simple steps −
Step 1 − Select the portion of text that needs to be put in lowercase. You can use any of the text selection methods to select the portion of text.
Step 2 − Click the Change Case button and then select Lowercase option to display all the selected words in lowercase.

Change Text to Uppercase
This is where every word of a sentence is in uppercase. It is very simple to change selected text into uppercase by following two simple steps −
Step 1 − Select the portion of text that you want to change to a bold font. You can use any of the text selection method to select the portion of text.
Step 2 − Click the Change Case button and then select UPPERCASE option to display all selected words in all caps. All characters of every selected word will be capitalized.

Capitalize Text
A capitalize case is the case where every first character of every selected word is in capital. This is very simple to change selected text into capitalize by following two simple steps −
Step 1 − Select the portion of text that needs to be capitalized. You can use any of the text selection method to select the portion of text.
Step 2 − Click the Change Case button and then select the Capitalize Each Word option to put a leading cap on each selected word.

Toggle the Text
The Toggle operation will change the case of every character in reverse way. A capital character will become a character in lower case and a character in lower case will become a character in upper case. It is very simple to toggle case of the text by following two simple steps −
Step 1 − Select the portion of text that you want to change to a bold font. You can use any of the text selection method to select the portion of text.
Step 2 − Click the Change Case button and then select the tOGGLE cASEoption to change all the words in lowercase into words in uppercase; the words in uppercase words change to words in lowercase.

h2 { color:#0000FF; } Install Learn computer App from: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.learn_computer.course_free
ከ8ኛ እና ከ11ኛ ክፍል የተማሪ ወላጆች ጋር
ዛሬ መጋቢት 23/2015 ስለ አጠቃላይ መማር ማስተማር ...
1. ከክልል አቀፍ ፈተና ተፈታኝ የ8ኛ ክፍል
ተማሪዎችና ወላጆች ጋር...
2. በ2016 ዓ.ም የዩኒቨርሲቲ መግቢያ ፈተና
ተፈታኝ ከሆኑ የ11ኛ ክፍል ተማሪ ወላጆች
ጋር እንዴት ሁሉም ተማሪዎች በአመርቂ
ውጤት ወደ ዩኒቨርሲቲ መግባት
እንዲችሉ ከትምህርት ቤቱ እና
ከወላጆች እንዲሁም ከተማሪዎች
በሚጠበቁ አብይ ጉዳዮች ዙሪያ
ጥልቅ ውይይት በማድረግና የተለያዩ
ውሳኔዎችን በማሳለፍ ተጠናቋል::
💐💍ሄዋን💍💐
💛እውነተኛና ልብ አንጠልጣይ የፍቅር ታሪክ በመልካም ልቦች የቴሌግራም ገፅ ተዘጋጅቶ የቀረበ💛
💜ክፍል 1💜
ገና በልጅነቴ ነበር አባቴ ለሀብታም ጓደኛው እኔን እንደሚድረው ቃል የገባለት
እኔ ባባቴ ሀሳብ ባልስማማ አማራጭ አልነበረኝምና ባልፈልገውም ሁለተኛ ጀረጃ ትምህርቴን እንደጨረስኩ ያባቴ ጓደኛ ከዚህ በኃላ እንድማር ባለመፍቀዱና ካባቴ ጋር በመስማማታቸው እንዳገባ ተወሰነ .....
ድል ያለ ሰርግ ተደግሶ አለሜን ሳላይ አለምሽ ተብሎልኝ ተጋባን...ለመጀመሪያ ቀን ባሌ ቤት ስገባ የእስር ቤት ህይወት አንድ ብዬ መጀመሬን ለራሴ አሰብኩት...
መረረኝም ጣፈጠኝም አማራጭ አልነበረኝምና የቤት እመቤትነት ኑሮ ሳልፈልግ አንድ ብዬ ጀመርኩት.. ..
ቀናቶች ተቆጥረው ወራትን ወለዱ ባሌ ትልቅ ሰው ከመሆኑ ባሻገር ለኔ መልካም ለመሆንና ካለሀብት የሀዘን ኑሮ ሊያወጣኝ ይጥራል... እውነት ለመናገር ክፋ የሚባል አይነት ሰው አይደለም አንዳንዴ ፈገግ ብዬ ካየኝ በደስታ የሚሆነውን ነው የሚያጣው......
የሚጎድልብኝ አንድም ነገር የለም ባዶ የሚባል አይነት ኑሮ ልኑር እንጂ ማንኛዋም ሴት የምትመኘው አይነት የድሎት ህይወት ነው የምኖረው፡፡
ያልኩትንም ነገር በመፈፀም ሆነ የሚያስፈልጉኝን ነገሮች በማሟላት ወደኋላ አይልም ግን እኔ ከአባቴ እኩያ ጋር በፍቅር አብሮ መክነፍ የማላስበው ሆነ...በቃ ጭራሽ የሚሆንልኝን ነገሮች አባት ለልጁ የሚያደረገው እንክብካቤ አድርጌ እስከመቁጠር ደርሻለሁ .....
ከባለቤቴ አቶ ሽፈራው ጋር እስካሁን አንሶላ አልተጋፈፍንም ለየብቻ ነው የምናድረው እንዲህ ፍላጎቴን ማሟላት ከዚህ ከባድ መስዕዋትነት ይጀምራል እኔ ፍቃደኛ ባለመሆኔና ለዚህ ነገር ዝግጁ እስከምሆን እንዲታገሰኝ ስነግረው ቅር ቢለውም ፍላጎቴን አልተቃወመም ለዛም ነው ጥሩ ሰው መሆኑን ባንደበቴ የምመሰክረው ..... ግን አንድ ነገር እርግጠኛ ሆኜ አውቃለሁ እንደሚወደኝ... አንድ ቀን አባቴ ሊጠይቀኝ ሲመጣ እኔ ሌላ ክፍል እንደምተኛ አውቆ በጣም ተበሳጨ..... ይህን አይነት ወርቅ ህይወት ሰጥቼሽ ምን ፈልገሽ ነው እንደዚህ የምትሆኚው አለኝ...... ያባቴ እንደዛ መበሳጨት አልገባኝም......
✎ ክፍል አስር ከ50Vote♥️ በኋላ ይለቀቃል.... ቶሎ እንዲቀጥል አንብበው ሲጨርሱ Like♥️ ማድረግ አይርሱ።
ይ................
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𝙟𝙤𝙞𝙣 𝙪𝙨 💚:
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መጽሐፍ ቅዱስ ጥቅሶች - http://android-bible.com/go/amh_verses
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With all secondary school
Which found in Debre tabor town administration.
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ተማሪዋ ዛሬ መጋቢት 13/2015 ተገኝታለች!!
ደስ ብሎናል እንኳን ደስ አላችሁ...
የትምህርት ቤታችን የ8ኛ ክፍል ተማሪ የሆነችው ፅጌማርያም ጋሻው በእለተ ዓርብ የካቲት 08/2015 ዓ.ም ከቤተሰቦቿ ጋር ባለመግባባት ትምህርት ቤት አልመጣችም በመሆኑም እስከ ቀኑ 8:00 ከቤቷ እንደዋለችና ከ8:00 በኋላ ለቤተሰቦቿ ደብዳቤ ፅፋ በማስቀመጥ እና የትራንስፖርት ብር ጭምር እንደያዘች በመግለፅ ተሰውራለች(ጠፍታለች)፤
ስለሆነም ትምህርት ቤታችን በተማሪዋ መሰወር(መጥፋት) እያዘን ተማሪዋ ያለችበትን ያዬ፣የሰማ፣የጠቆመ...ከታች ባለው ስልክ ቁጥር እንድታሳውቁን በእግዚአብሔር ስም እንጠይቃለን።
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ቤተሰቦቿ!
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በ2ኛው ሩብ ዓመት ዝቅተኛ አፈፃፀም ከነበራቸው(ከአንድ የትምህርት ዓይነት ጀምሮ ከ50% በታች ካስመዘገቡ) የተማሪ ወላጆች ጋር ዛሬ የካቲት 11/2015 ዓ.ም ውይይት ተካሂዷል።
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የ2015 ዓ.ም የመጀመሪያዉ የ8ኛ ክፍል ሞዴል ፈተና ከካቲት 3-4/2015 ዓ.ም ተሰጠ::
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ከጥር 22-26/2015 ዓ.ም በነበረው ቫኬሺን(የእረፍት ጊዜ) ለትምህርት ቤታችን መምህራን የተለያዩ የአቅም ማጎልበቻ ስልጠናዎች ተሰጥተዋል::
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