Edubridge IAS Discussion group

15 Dec 2022 13:38

Question 9
Answer – C
Bioreactors are used in tissue engineering to mature and guide the development of tissue-engineered constructs. Bioreactors are in vitro culture systems that have been designed to alter the following basic physiological phenomena: cell survival along with tissue structure, organization, mechanical properties, and function. Bioreactor provides the optimal conditions for achieving the desired product by providing optimum growth conditions (temperature, pH, substrate, salts, vitamins etc.).
Conventional sewage treatment utilises bioreactors to undertake the main purification processes. Aerators supply oxygen to the sewage and biota to create activated sludge in which the biological component is freely mixed in the liquor in "flocs". In these processes, the liquid's Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is reduced sufficiently to render the contaminated water fit for reuse.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

15 Dec 2022 13:36

Question 7
Answer - A
Electrosmog or non-ionizing radiation or electromagnetic fields (EMF) or electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or microwave radiation is human-made radiation, a pollutant.
There are no rules as of now to regulate the pollution caused by electrosmog.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

15 Dec 2022 13:34

Question 5
Answer – A
According to the RBI, a wilful default is deemed to have occurred in any of the following four circumstances:
1. The unit has defaulted in meeting its payment/repayment obligations to the lender even when it has the capacity to honour the said obligations.
2. The unit has defaulted in meeting its payment/repayment obligations to the lender and has not utilized the finance from the lender for the specific purposes for which finance was availed of but has diverted the funds for other purposes.
3. The unit has defaulted in meeting its payment / repayment obligations to the lender and has siphoned off the funds so that the funds have not been utilised for the specific purpose for which finance was availed of, nor are the funds available with the unit in the form of other assets.
4. The unit has defaulted in meeting its payment / repayment obligations to the lender and has also disposed off or removed the movable fixed assets or immovable property given for the purpose of securing a term loan without the knowledge of the bank / lender (or the asset bought by the lenders’ funds have been sold off without the knowledge of the bank/lender.)

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

15 Dec 2022 13:32

Question 3
Answer – D
Light travels down a fiber-optic cable by bouncing repeatedly off the walls. This phenomenon is called total internal reflection.
The optical fiber is electrically non-conductive, so it does not act as an antenna to pick up electromagnetic signals. Electromagnetic Interference does occur in coaxial cables since current does cut across the conductor. Fiber optics are immune to this interference since signals are transmitted as light instead of current.
The main advantage of optical fiber communication over electrical cable transmission is its high bandwidth capability (almost 10Gps) over long distances due to the extremely low loss at the same specific wavelengths. Lightweight copper cable, by contrast, has very high losses at high frequencies.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

15 Dec 2022 13:30

Question 1
Answer – D
The Munda Revolt took place in the eastern part of the India mainly confined to Chotanagpur.
The Munda sardars of Chotanagpur fought against the destruction of their system of common land-holdings by the intrusion of jagirdars, thikadars (revenue farmers) and traders, moneylenders.
They aimed to establish a Munda rule in the land by killing thikadars, jagirdars, rajas and halcims.
The Mundas rose under Birsa Munda in a religious movement or rebellion ("ulgulan") with an agrarian and political content. To bring about the liberation, Birsa gathered a force of 6,000 Mundas armed with swords, spears, battle-axes, and bows and arrows. Birsa was, however, captured in 1900 and he died in jail the same year.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

15 Dec 2022 05:29

Q. 9 Consider the following statements regarding Bioreactor:
1. It is a device designed to grow cells in the context of cell culture.
2. It can be used to decrease the Biological Oxygen Demand of contaminated water.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

15 Dec 2022 05:27

Q. 5 Which of the following entities can be declared as wilful defaulter by a bank?
1. A person who has defaulted in repayment obligation even when he has capacity to pay.
2. A company that has diverted funds for purposes other than for which it was borrowed.
3. A person who has sold the assets bought by the lender's fund without informing the bank.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

15 Dec 2022 05:26

Q. 2 Regarding the reforms in Land Revenue during the colonial period, consider the following statements
1. Through the Permanent Settlement, the zamindars of Bengal were recognized as the owners of land if they paid the revenue.
2. Ryotwari settlement was introduced in Assam also.
3. The Mahalwari Settlement brought a class of middlemen between the government and the village community.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

14 Dec 2022 16:16

https://www.deccanherald.com/national/north-and-central/158-crore-children-in-10-17-age-group-addicted-to-substances-govt-tells-supreme-court-1171749.html

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

14 Dec 2022 13:38

Question 9
Answer – A
Governing Council of NITI Aayog:
Chairman- Prime Minister; It comprises the Chief Ministers of all the States, Chief Ministers of Union Territories with Legislatures (i.e., Delhi and Puducherry) and Lt. Governors of other Union Territories.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

14 Dec 2022 13:36

Question 7
Answer – B
Imperial Preference (later Commonwealth Preference) was a proposed system of reciprocally-levelled tariffs or free trade agreements between different Dominions and Colonies within the British Commonwealth of Nations. Formation of such free trade agreement could result into special privileges on British imports in India.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

14 Dec 2022 13:34

Question 5
Answer – A
CARE is a World Bank project. The Project will build resilience to climate threats and disasters by sharing regional data and knowledge. It will also assess climate impacts in districts across Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan to support agriculture, livestock, water, and transport.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

14 Dec 2022 13:32

Question 3
Answer - D
Megasthenes was an ambassador who was sent to the court of Chandragupta (the Mauryan emperor) by the Greek ruler of West Asia named Seleucus Nicator.
Megasthenes wrote an account about what he saw in India in his book Indica. Here is a part of his description: “The occasions on which the emperor appears in public are celebrated with grand royal processions. He is carried in a golden palanquin. His guards ride elephants decorated with gold and silver. Some of the guards carry trees on which live birds, including a flock of trained parrots, circle about the head of the emperor. The king is normally surrounded by armed women. He is afraid that someone may try to kill him. He has special servants to taste the food before he eats. He never sleeps in the same bedroom for two nights.”
And about Pataliputra (modern Patna) he wrote: “This is a large and beautiful city. It is surrounded by a massive wall. It has 570 towers and 64 gates. The houses, of two and three storeys, are built of wood and mud brick. The king‘s palace is also of wood, and decorated with stone carvings. It is surrounded with gardens and enclosures for keeping birds.”

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

14 Dec 2022 13:30

Question 1
Answer – C
Basholi is a small town in Kathua district of Jammu and Kashmir. It was founded by Raja Bhupat Pal in 1635 and is renowned for a special and vibrant style of Pahari miniature paintings. It is considered as the earliest Centre of painting in the Pahari region under the patronage Raja Kirpal Pal.
An artist in name of Devidasa, under the patronage of Kripal Pal, executed miniatures of the Rasamanjari text which was written by poet Bhanu Datta. The miniatures are known as Rasamanjari illustrations.
Basholi style of painting is characterized by vigorous and bold lines and strong glowing colours. An illustration from a series of Gita Govind painted by artist manaku in 1730 shows further development of the Basholi style.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

14 Dec 2022 05:32

Q. 8 Mahatma Gandhi did not join Indian National Congress immediately after his return from South Africa because
a) He did not fully agree with the political agenda of the Congress
b) He wanted to tour the country and understand the socio-political conditions first before making up his mind to join Congress
c) Gandhi wanted to join Servants of India society instead of Indian National Congress
d) None of the above

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

15 Dec 2022 13:37

Question 8
Answer – D
Basel III reforms are the response of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) to improve the banking sector’s ability to absorb shocks arising from financial and economic stress, whatever the source, thus reducing the risk of spill over from the financial sector to the real economy.
The Basel capital adequacy framework rests on the following three mutually- reinforcing pillars:
o Pillar 1: Minimum Capital Requirements - which prescribes a risk-sensitive calculation of capital requirements that, for the first time, explicitly includes operational risk in addition to market and credit risk.
o Pillar 2: Supervisory Review Process (SRP) - which envisages the establishment of suitable risk management systems in banks and their review by the supervisory authority.
o Pillar 3: Market Discipline - which seeks to achieve increased transparency through expanded disclosure requirements for bank.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

15 Dec 2022 13:35

Question 6
Answer – A
Article 123 of the Constitution empowers the President to promulgate ordinances during the recess of Parliament. It is not a parallel power of legislation. These ordinances have the same force and effect as an act of Parliament, but are in the nature of temporary laws.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

15 Dec 2022 13:33

Question 4
Answer – D
A meander is a winding curve or bend in a river. They are typical of the middle and lower course of a river. This is because vertical erosion is replaced by a sideways form of erosion called lateral erosion, plus deposition within the floodplain.
Meander is not a landform but is only a type of channel pattern. Meanders are formed because of:
• the propensity of water flowing over very gentle gradients (not steep slopes) to work laterally on the banks
• unconsolidated nature of alluvial deposits making up the banks with many irregularities which can be used by water exerting pressure laterally
• Coriolis force (due to rotation of the earth) acting on the fluid water deflecting it like it deflects the wind.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

15 Dec 2022 13:31

Question 2
Answer – C
Through the Permanent Settlement, the zamindars of Bengal were recognized as the owners of land as long as they paid the revenue to the East India Company regularly. The ryots became tenants since they were considered the tillers of the soil.
The Ryotwari settlement was introduced mainly in Madras, Berar, Bombay and Assam. Sir Thomas Munro introduced this system in the Madras Presidency.
Under the Mahalwari system the basic unit of revenue settlement was the village or the Mahal. As the village lands belonged jointly to the village community, the responsibility of paying the revenue rested with the entire Mahal or the village community. So, the entire land of the village was measured at the time of fixing the revenue. Thus, the Mahalwari system eliminated middlemen between the government and the village community and brought about improvement in irrigation facility, yet its benefit was largely enjoyed by the government.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

15 Dec 2022 05:29

Q. 10 Consider the following statements with reference to the Sufi order in India:
1. The Chishti Sufis believed in an ascetic way of life and stayed away from state politics.
2. The Suhrawardi Sufis did not believe in leading a life of poverty and they accepted the service of the state.
3. Kubrawiyya order of Kashmir encouraged his followers to demolish Hindu temples.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

15 Dec 2022 05:28

Q. 7 With reference to 'Electrosmog', consider the following statements:
1. It is the accumulation of electromagnetic radiation in a particular area causing harm to human health.
2. In India, electrosmog has been classified as a pollutant under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

15 Dec 2022 05:26

Q. 3 Consider the following statements with respect to communication through optical fibers:
1. It works using the principle of total internal reflection of light.
2. Electromagnetic interference does not occur while transmitting information over fiber optic cable.
3. It permits higher bandwidth and transmission over long distances compared to copper cables

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

15 Dec 2022 05:25

Q. 1 Consider the following statement regarding the Munda Revolt:
1. The revolt rose in Central parts of India.
2. It fought against the system of common lands holding by the jagirdars, thikadars and moneylender.
3. It aimed to establish sovereign rule in the land.
4. This revolt finds its root in a religious movement.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

14 Dec 2022 13:39

Answer – D
Article 12 of the Indian constitution defines the following components as a state -:
• The Government of India or the Central government and the Parliament of India that is the houses of Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha.
• The state-based governments and legislative bodies.
• Local Authorities like municipalities, panchayat, port trusts etc.
• All other authorities that are present in Indian Territory or are operating under the supervision of Indian governments. However, this provision is vague and has led to numerous judicial interpretations from time to time. Thus, State has been defined to include all its agencies. Also, even a private agency working as an instrument of the State falls within the meaning of the ‘State’.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

14 Dec 2022 13:37

Question 8
Answer – B
Gandhi was in no hurry to plunge into politics on his arrival to India. His political mentor was Gopal Krishna Gokhale. One of the first things Gokhale did was to extract a promise from Gandhi that he would not express himself upon public questions for a year, which was to be a "year of probation".
During 1915—the year of probation—Gandhi eschewed politics severely. In his speeches and writings, he confined himself to the reform of the individual and the society and avoided the issues which dominated Indian politics. His restraint was partly due to self-imposed silence and partly to the fact that he was still studying conditions in India and making up his mind.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

14 Dec 2022 13:35

Question 6
Answer – A
On July 10th, 1806, the Vellore mutiny broke out against the British by south Indian soldiers at Vellore (now in Tamil Nadu). The Vellore Mutiny was the first large-scale mutiny by Indian soldiers against the British. Even though this mutiny was short lived and lasted only one day, it was violent and bloody and mutineers stormed into the Vellore Fort and killed and wounded as many as 200 British soldiers. This sudden outbreak was suppressed by the British and around 100 mutineers were executed and a smaller number were court-martialled.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

14 Dec 2022 13:33

Question 4
Answer – C
A carbon offset refers to the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions and results in the generation of carbon credit from a project with clear boundaries, title, project documents and a verification plan.
When anyone purchases carbon credits, they are funding the reduction, elimination, or total avoidance of 1 tonne of carbon. If anyone buy as many carbon credits equal to their carbon footprint, then they are considered to be ― “carbon neutral” or balancing your emissions with an equal amount of emissions reduction.
When they are purchased, they generate revenue. This revenue could be used for projects and activities that protect or restore forests, often supporting local communities with alternative livelihood opportunities that keep trees standing, and it helps fund programs to do so in perpetuity.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

14 Dec 2022 13:31

Question 2
Answer – B
Shah Jahan's ascension to the Mughal throne - January 1628
Foundation of the first Dutch factory in Masulipatam - 1605.
The occurrence of the Battle of Bannihatti (or Talikota) – 1565

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

14 Dec 2022 05:33

Q. 10 Which of the following will fall under the purview of “State” as defined under Article 12 of Indian Constitution?
1. Unique Identification Authority of India
2. Goods and Services Tax Network
3. State Bank of India

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

13 Dec 2022 13:39

Question 10
Answer – A
Quantum dots (QDs) are man-made nanoscale crystals that that can transport electrons. When UV light hits these semiconducting nano-particles, they can emit light of various colours. These artificial semiconductor nanoparticles that have found applications in composites, solar cells and fluorescent biological labels.