Edubridge IAS Discussion group

11 Mar 2023 13:36

Question 7
Answer – A
Roshanai was a sect established by a soldier named Bayazid Ansari who was called Pir Roshanai in the frontier region. He was a charismatic and mysterious figure who mustered great support from different Pakhtun tribes. In the beginning, it was a religious-cum-Sufi movement. Starting from Kaniguram (South Waziristan) in the second half of the 16th century, the movement made considerable headway in some of the Pakhtun tribes including Bangash, Afridi, Mohmand, Khalil, Yusufzai etc.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

11 Mar 2023 13:34

Question 5
Answer – D
Binary stars are of immense importance to astronomers as they allow the masses of stars to be determined. A binary system is simply one in which two stars orbit around a common centre of mass, that is they are gravitationally bound to each other.
The most common of the multiple star systems are binary stars, systems of only two stars together. These pairs come in an array of configurations that help scientists to classify stars and could have impacts on the development of life.
In a binary star system, the brighter star is officially classified as the primary star, while the dimmer of the two is the secondary. In cases where the stars are of equal brightness, the designation given by the discoverer is accepted.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

11 Mar 2023 13:32

Question 3
Answer – B
Indo-Islamic architecture begins with the Ghurid occupation of India at the close of the 12 century A.D. The most important factors common to both forms of architecture, especially in respect of mosques and temples, were that to both styles, ornamental decoration was very vital and that the open court in many cases was surrounded by colonnades.
In the rear wall of the prayer-hall, the centre is occupied by a recess or alcove, called mihrab; and indicates the direction of Mecca. A pulpit from where Khutba was read is mimbar, meant for the imam who leads the prayer. A tower or minaret, originally intended for the muazzin to call the faithful to the prayer, later assumed a mere architectural character. A gallery or compartment of the prayer hall or some other part was screened off to accommodate the ladies who observed purdah. The main entrance to a mosque is on the east, and the sides are enclosed by cloisters (liwans). The wall of the mosque in the direction of Mecca is called Qibla liwan. A tank is provided for ablutions usually in the courtyard of a mosque.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

11 Mar 2023 13:31

Question 1
Answer – D
The various committees and commissions which have examined our electoral system, election machinery as well as election process and suggested reforms are:
o Joint Parliamentary Committee on Amendments to Election Laws (1971–72).
o Tarkunde Committee was appointed in 1974 by Jaya Prakash Narayan (JP) during his “Total Revolution” movement. This unofficial committee submitted its report in 1975.
o Dinesh Goswami Committee on Electoral Reforms (1990)
o Vohra Committee on the nexus between crime and politics (1993)
o Election Commission of India Recommendations on Electoral Reforms (1998)
o Indrajit Gupta Committee on State Funding of Elections (1998)
o Law Commission of India 170th Report on Reform of the Electoral Laws (1999)
o National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution (2000–2002) It was headed by M.N. Venkatachaliah
o Election Commission of India Report on Proposed Electoral Reforms (2004
o Second Administrative Reforms Commission of India Report on Ethics in Governance (2007). It was headed by Veerappa Moily.
o Tankha Committee (Core Committee) was appointed in 2010 to look into the whole gamut of the election laws and electoral reforms.
o J.S. Verma Committee Report on Amendments to Criminal Law (2013).
o Law Commission of India 244th Report on Electoral Disqualifications (2014).
o Law Commission of India 255th Report on Electoral Reforms (2015).

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

11 Mar 2023 05:36

Q. 4 With reference to Treasury Bills (T- Bills), consider the following statements:
1. A T-Bill is a short-term debt of the Government.
2. T-Bills are issued only by the Central Government in India.
3. Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI) is not allowed in T-Bills.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

11 Mar 2023 05:32

Q. 2 Consider the following pairs regarding the nationalist/vernacular newspapers and their associated regions:
Newspaper : Region
1. The Rast Goftar : Bengal
2. The Advocate : United Provinces
3. Akbar-i-Am : Punjab

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

10 Mar 2023 13:39

Question 10
Answer – A
A provision was made for an addition of 6 to 12 members to the central executive for making laws.
At least half of the additional members were to be non-officials who could be Indians or English. These members were nominated by the Viceroy for a period of two years.
Governor-General could withhold his assent or exercise his veto power if he felt that the bill affected the safety, peace and interest of British India.
It provided for the establishment of new legislative councils for Bengal, North-Western Frontier Province and Punjab, which were established in 1862, 1866, and 1897 respectively.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

10 Mar 2023 13:37

Question 8
Answer – A
The core area urban communities depended on private tanks, communal tanks, and bore wells for water. The royal enclosures had the most sophisticated water distribution and recirculation systems. The main water supply to the royal enclosure came from Kamalapuram. Water pipes sealed in brick and lime plaster were used. Water conservation and recirculation had gained importance in these dry areas. Large tanks providing water for irrigation were called Anecut or Bund.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

10 Mar 2023 13:35

Question 6
Answer – B
The forest ecosystem includes a complex assemblage of different kinds of biotic communities. Optimum conditions such as temperature and ground moisture are responsible for the establishment of forest communities.
Temperate deciduous forests are located in the mid-latitude areas which means that they are found between the polar regions and the tropics. They are characterised by a moderate climate and broad-leafed deciduous trees, which shed their leaves in fall, are bare over winter and grow new foliage in the spring. Many different kinds of trees, shrubs, and herbs grow in deciduous forests. Most of the trees are broadleaf trees such as oak, maple, beech, hickory and chestnut.
The areas in which deciduous forests are located get about 750 to 1,500 mm of precipitation spread fairly evenly throughout the year. Soils of temperate forests are podzolic and fairly deep.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

10 Mar 2023 13:33

Question 4
Answer – A
Transfer payments are the receipts which the residents of a country get for free, without having to provide any goods or services in return. They consist of gifts, remittances and grants. They could be given by the government or by private citizens living abroad. Transfer payment comes under the current account of Balance of Payments. Whereas, government aid comes under external assistance part of capital account.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

10 Mar 2023 13:31

Question 2
Answer – D
In 1929. Jawaharlal Nehru, in his presidential address to the Lahore Congress, declared that the Indian states cannot live apart from the rest of India. The only people who have a right to determine the future of the states must be the people of those states.
Major decisions were taken at the Lahore session:
o The Round Table Conference was to be boycotted.
o Complete independence (poorna swaraj) was declared as the aim of the Congress and January 26, 1930 was fixed as the first Independence Day, to be celebrated everywhere.
o Congress Working Committee was authorized to launch a programme of civil disobedience including non-payment of taxes and all members of legislatures were asked to resign their seats.
The first All India Youth Congress was formed in 1928 Madras session headed by Motilal Nehru.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

10 Mar 2023 09:26

UPSC has rejected application of 80 Candidates for CSE Prelims, 2023 due to non-payment of fees.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

10 Mar 2023 05:45

Q. 10 Which of the following provisions was not provided by the Indian Councils Act, 1861?
a) Indian members got representation in Governor-General’s Council through nomination by Secretary of state.
b) It empowered the Governor-General’s Council to make laws.
c) It decentralized the administration by setting up legislative councils in provinces.
d) Governor-General was empowered to exercise veto power over the bills.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

10 Mar 2023 05:40

Q. 7 With reference to monsoons in India, consider the following statements:
1. Strengthening of Somali Jet stream gives rise to strong monsoon over peninsular India.
2. Tropical Easterly Jetstream dissipates completely from the Indian Subcontinent during the monsoon break conditions.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

10 Mar 2023 05:34

Q. 3 With reference to the SMILE scheme, consider the following statements:
1. SMILE aims at extensive rehabilitation and skill development of persons indulged in the act of begging
2. It is a central sector scheme formulated by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

11 Mar 2023 13:35

Question 6
Answer – D
The Multidisciplinary Drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) was a year-long expedition into the Central Arctic launched in September 2019 and completed in October 2020 aboard the German Research Vessel Polarstern.
The expedition was led by Germany’s Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI), with key support from the U.S.’s Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) at the University of Colorado Boulder, and the NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL). Overall, 17 nations were involved; the U.S. represents the second-largest national contribution.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

11 Mar 2023 13:33

Question 4
Answer – D
Treasury bills are short-term debt instruments issued by the Central government with a maturity of one year or less.
Treasury bills are issued by the Government of India and there are no treasury bills issued by the State Governments.
RBI allowed foreign investors to invest in T-bills to bring foreign funds into the market. Currently, short-term investments by a foreign portfolio investors (FPI) should not exceed 20 per cent of the total investment of that FPI in either central government securities (including treasury bills) or state development loans or corporate bonds.
Recently, The Reserve Bank of India raised the investment limit for FPIs in government and corporate bonds. The short-term investment limit has now been increased from 20 per cent to 30 per cent.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

11 Mar 2023 13:31

Question 2
Answer - C
In Western India, the Rast Goftar, the Native Opinion, the Indu Prakash, the Mahratta and the Keshari published articles which brought to light the fundamental conflict between the interest of the people of India and the British authorities. Hence pair 1 is not correctly matched.
In South India the Hindu, the Swadesamitran, the Andhra Prakashika and the Kerala Patrika played an important role.
The Advocate, the Hindustani, and the Azad in U.P and the Tribune, the Akbar-i-Am and the Koh-i-noor in the Punjab also deserve mention.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

11 Mar 2023 05:38

Q. 5 In the context of astronomy, consider the following statements regarding binary star systems:
1. Binary stars orbit around a common blackhole.
2. In a binary star system, the stars are always of equal brightness.
3. Binary star systems are very rare in the universe.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

11 Mar 2023 05:34

Q. 3 Consider the following pairs:
Structure : Characterised by
1. Mihrab : a short flight of steps used as a platform by a preacher in a mosque.
2. Qibla Liwan : Wall of a mosque in the direction of Mecca
3. Mimbar : Prayer niche indicating the direction of Mecca

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

11 Mar 2023 05:31

Q. 1 In India, over time many committees have been constituted to reform the electoral process. In this context, which of the following committees are associated with electoral reforms?
1. Vohra Committee (1993)
2. Tankha Committee (2010)
3. Indrajit Gupta Committee (1998)

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

10 Mar 2023 13:38

Question 9
Answer – D
The world has 58,497 tree species. The Neotropics (Central and South America) have the largest number of tree species with 23,631 tree species. Indo-Malaya is second, with 13,739 species and the Afrotropics have 9,237 species. The Nearctic and Oceania have the lowest number of tree species.
The researchers found that 142 of the world‘s tree species have become extinct, 17,510 or 29.9 per cent are threatened, 4,099 or 7.1 per cent are possibly threatened, 24,255 or 41.5 per cent are not threatened, 7,700 or 13.2 per cent are data deficient and 4,790 or 8.2 per cent have not been evaluated.
Other than Indo-Malaya and Oceania, the Afrotropics (Africa south of the Sahara, including Madagascar) have the highest proportion of threatened tree species. The Palearctic and Nearctic (North America) realms mostly have tree species that are not threatened.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

10 Mar 2023 13:36

Question 7
Answer – A
Somali jet stream is a low level inter hemispheric cross equatorial flow of air, attains Jet speed at the west end of monsoon regime along the east coast of Africa.
This Jet originates near Mauritius and northern part of Madagascar in the southern Hemisphere.
Its strengthening gives rise to strong monsoon over peninsular India.
Tropical easterly jet (TEJ) flows south of the sub-tropical ridge over Asia, the easterly flow concentrates into jet stream centred near about the latitude of Chennai in July. The jet stream runs from the east coast of Vietnam to the west coast of Africa. Over Africa, the location is at 10° N.
Normally, the jet is at an accelerating stage from the South China Sea to south India and decelerates thereafter. The location of the Easterly Jetstream seems to influence the pattern of monsoon rainfall. TEJ weakens to less than 50 knots over India in September. During Break monsoon conditions TEJ moves northwards up to latitude 20º N.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

10 Mar 2023 13:34

Question 5
Answer – B
When Shahu Bhonsale, the fifth Chhatrapati and grandson of Shivaji died in 1749 he had no legitimate sons to succeed him. His only son from Sagunabai had died in infancy. This started a succession war between his queens, Sakwarbai and Sagunabai both of whom wanted their nominees to succeed Shahu.
Later Tarabai's (wife of Shahu's uncle, Rajaram) grandson, Ramraja was declared successor. Tarabai tried to control Ramraja and even disallowed access to his Peshwa. But soon Ramraja protested against his grandmother's overbearing nature. As a result, Tarabai declared Ramraja to be an impostor.
In 1750, Chhatrapati Ramaraja grandson of Tarabai had signed the Sangola agreement to invest Peshwa with more authority and since then Chhatrapati's role has become more titular in nature.
The agreement was in exchange for the pursuit of his rights as Chatrapati and the protection from Tarabai and his henchmen.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

10 Mar 2023 13:32

Question 3
Answer - C
The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment has formulated a scheme named SMILE (Support for Marginalized Individuals for Livelihood and Enterprise) for the rehabilitation of persons engaged in begging and for providing support to transgender persons.
It includes two sub-schemes - Central Sector Scheme for Comprehensive Rehabilitation for Welfare of Transgender Persons and Central Sector Scheme for Comprehensive Rehabilitation of persons engaged in the act of Begging‘.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

10 Mar 2023 13:31

Question 1
Answer – B
Sun-synchronous orbit (SSO) is a particular kind of polar orbit. Satellites in SSO, travelling over the polar regions, are synchronous with the Sun.
Satellites in SSO, travelling over the polar regions, are synchronous with the Sun. This means they are synchronised to always be in the same fixed position relative to the Sun. This means local time is always the same then it crosses the equator (or any other latitude).
The satellite in SSO will always observe a point on the Earth as if constantly at the same time of the day, which serves a number of applications; for example, it means that scientists and those who use the satellite images can compare how somewhere changes over time.
Therefore, scientists use image series like these to investigate how weather patterns emerge, to help predict weather or storms; when monitoring emergencies like forest fires or flooding; or to accumulate data on long-term problems like deforestation or rising sea levels.
Geostationary satellites have the unique property of remaining permanently fixed in exactly the same position in the sky as viewed from any fixed location on Earth, meaning that ground-based antennas do not need to track them but can remain fixed in one direction.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

10 Mar 2023 06:48

https://youtube.com/shorts/SP666MIMlBA?feature=share

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

10 Mar 2023 05:43

Q. 9 With reference to the various tree species of the world, consider the following statements:
1. The largest number of tree species are found in the Oceania and Nearctic realms.
2. The Indo-Malaya and Oceania biogeographic realm have the lowest proportion of threatened tree species.
3. Over 50% of the world’s tree species are threatened with extinction.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

10 Mar 2023 05:38

Q. 6 Which of the following statements is/are correct with regards to the temperate deciduous forest?
1. They are dominated by low broad leafed evergreen trees.
2. They have deep podzolic soils.
3. Annual rainfall is distributed uniformly throughout forest.

Edubridge IAS Discussion group

10 Mar 2023 05:32

Q. 2 Consider the following statements with respect to the Lahore Congress Session, 1929:
1. Poorna swaraj was declared as the goal of the Congress.
2. It was presided by Jawaharlal Nehru.
3. The first All India Youth Congress came into being during this session.