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https://epaper.thehindu.com/ccidist-ws/th/th_delhi/issues/61306/OPS/G02C2R7FG.1+GTPC2TAQK.1.html
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Israel-Hamas war shows the formidable power of narrative - Nikkei Asia
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Question 4
Answer – A
Provision for reservation in promotion under Article 16(4A) was added through 77th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1995.
81st Constitutional Amendment Act, 2000 inserted Article 16(4B) into the constitution which provided for unfilled vacancies of an year to be considered a separate category in subsequent year and would not be considered for determining 50 percent limits on reservation.
Provision for consequential seniority in promotion under Article 16(4A) was added through 85th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2001.
The provision for up to 10 percent reservation for economically weaker sections under Article 16(6) was added through 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019. 102nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2018 gave Constitutional status to National Commission for Backward Classes.
Question 2
Answer - A
The provision for constitution of National Board of Wildlife was added through Wildlife (Protection) Amendment Act, 2002, which inserted Section 5A into the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.
Section 5A of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 provides for Prime Minister as the chairperson and Minister in-charge of forests and wildlife as Vice-chairperson of the National Board of Wildlife.
Section 5A further provides that for membership of the following into the National Board of Wildlife:
• three members of Parliament of whom two shall be from the House of the People and one from the Council of States
• five persons to represent non-governmental organizations to be nominated by the Central Government;
• ten persons to be nominated by the Central Government from amongst eminent conservationists, ecologists and environmentalists;
• the Secretary to the Government of India in-charge of the Ministry or Department of the Central Government dealing with Forests and Wild Life
• the Chief of the Army Staff
• the Secretary to the Government of India in-charge of the Ministry of Defence, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Department of Expenditure (Ministry of Finance), Ministry of Tribal Welfare etc.
Section 5C of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 specifies the functions of the National Board of Wildlife, which includes carrying out or causing to be carried out impact assessment of various projects and activities on wild life or its habitat.
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Q. 4 Consider the following pairs of provisions under Article 16 and Constitutional amendment through which they were inserted:
Provision : Constitutional Amendment
1. Reservation in promotion : 77th Constitutional Amendment
2. Carry forward policy : 85th Constitutional Amendment
3. Consequential seniority in promotion : 81st Constitutional Amendment
4. Reservation for Economically weaker sections : 102nd Constitutional Amendment
Q. 2 Which of the following statements about National Board of Wildlife is incorrect?
a) It has been established by amending the Wildlife Protection Act in 2007.
b) The Prime Minister is the chairperson and Union Minister of Ministry of Environment and Forest is the Vice-chairperson of the National Board of Wildlife.
c) Members of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha have been provided membership in it.
d) It carries out impact assessment of various projects and activities on wild life.
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ED cannot arrest people on whims and fancies; Section 50 PMLA does not include power to arrest: Delhi High Court
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Question 5
Answer – C
• Sixth schedule deals with the administration of the tribal areas in four northeastern states of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram.
• Tribal areas in these four states have been constituted as autonomous districts, but they do not fall outside the executive authority of the state concerned.
• The Acts of Parliament or state legislature do not apply to autonomous district and autonomous regions or apply with specified modifications and exceptions. In the case of Assam Governor is empowered to so and in the case of Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram the President specifies the modifications.
Question 3
Answer: B
An ecotone is a transitional zone between two adjacent ecosystems. It has some of the characteristics of each bordering ecosystem and often contains species not found in adjacent ecosystems.
In ecotones, the number of species and population density of some of the species is much greater than either of two adjacent ecosystems. This influence of the two adjacent ecosystems on each other is known as the edge effect.
River banks (between dry and wet), Mangrove (between marine and terrestrial ecosystem), savanna (Between forest and grasslands) are examples of Ecotones.
Ecotones can be natural or man-made. For example, the ecotone between an agricultural field and a forest is a man-made ecotone.
Question 1
Answer - A
Mount Etna is the highest and most active volcano in Europe. It is an active stratovolcano on the east coast of Sicily, Italy, in the Metropolitan City of Catania, between the cities of Messina and Catania. It is associated with the subduction of the African plate under the Eurasian plate.
Mt. Sinabung (2,600-metre) is located in Karo regency, North Sumatra. Sinabung is among more than 120 active volcanoes in Indonesia, which is prone to seismic upheaval due to its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire. The volcano was dormant for 400 years before exploding in 2010. It exploded again in 2014 ,2016 and 2020.
Mount Kun (7077M), the second highest peak of the Nun Kun massif is located in the upper Suru Valley, Ladakh. It is one of highest peaks in the Zanskar range.
Merapi, a steep stratovolcano north of Central Java's capital Yogyakarta, is Indonesia's most active volcano. It erupts on average every 5-10 years and is feared for its deadly pyroclastic flows - avalanches of hot rocks and gas that are generated when parts of new lava domes constructed during eruptions in the summit crater collapse and slide down the mountain's steep flanks.
Q. 5 Consider the following statements about the provisions made under Sixth Schedule of the Constitution:
1. It deals with the administration of the tribal areas in four northeastern states of Assam, Tripura, Manipur and Mizoram.
2. Autonomous districts in these areas have been kept outside the executive authority of the state government.
3. The Acts of Parliament are applicable to autonomous districts directly but those of State legislature apply with specified modifications.
Q. 3 Consider the following statements:
1. An ecotone is the transitional zone between two adjacent ecosystems.
2. Density of species in an ecotone is much lower than adjacent ecosystems due to edge effects.
3. River banks, Mangroves, savanna are examples of an ecotone.
4. Ecotone can be natural only.
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