Electrical and electronics engineering

13 April 2026 07:17

Controlling DC motor speed using voltage directly is inefficient, so this circuit uses Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) to do it more effectively. A 555 timer generates a square wave where the ON time and OFF time can be adjusted using the variable resistor (VR1). When the pulse is narrow, the motor receives power for a shorter time, resulting in lower average voltage and slower speed. When the pulse is wide, the motor gets power for longer duration, increasing the average voltage and making it spin faster. The diodes around the potentiometer help control the charge and discharge paths separately, allowing smooth duty cycle adjustment. The output from the 555 timer drives a power transistor (2N3055), which acts like a switch to supply current to the motor. A diode across the motor protects the circuit from voltage spikes generated when the motor turns off. This method provides efficient speed control with minimal power loss.
#ElectronicsEducation #ElectronicsRD #PWM #DCMotor #555Timer
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Electrical and electronics engineering

29 March 2026 08:42

A DC power supply converts AC (alternating current) into stable DC (direct current) that electronic circuits can use. This process happens in three main stages: rectification, filtering, and regulation.
First, the AC input (for example, 120V, 60 Hz) enters the rectifier circuit. Here, a bridge rectifier made of four diodes (D1–D4) converts the sinusoidal AC waveform into pulsating DC. Instead of going positive and negative, the output now stays on one side of the axis, but it still has ripples.
Next, the smoothing circuit reduces these ripples.
Finally,
the regulator circuit provides a stable and fixed DC output. An IC like the LM78xx series maintains a constant voltage even if the input fluctuates or the load changes. Capacitors C3 and C4 improve stability and reduce noise at the input and output of the regulator.
The final output (Vout) is clean, steady DC voltage suitable for powering electronic devices, with the negative terminal connected to ground.
#Electronics #PowerSupply #Rectifier #VoltageRegulator

Electrical and electronics engineering

08 February 2026 09:49

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Electrical and electronics engineering

04 February 2026 12:53

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Electrical and electronics engineering

07 April 2025 10:24

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Electrical and electronics engineering

14 March 2025 13:30

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Electrical and electronics engineering

07 March 2025 10:30

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Electrical and electronics engineering

24 February 2025 13:42

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Electrical and electronics engineering

15 February 2025 14:29

Streetlight connection #maintenance @electricalandelectronics09
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Electrical and electronics engineering

11 February 2025 15:19

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Electrical and electronics engineering

11 December 2024 17:35

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Electrical and electronics engineering

01 December 2024 09:09

Share 'Electrical Cable Sizing Criteria .pdf'

Electrical and electronics engineering

15 November 2024 11:18

Share 'Basics Of Differential Protection Relays .pdf'

Electrical and electronics engineering

12 November 2024 15:13

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Electrical and electronics engineering

11 November 2024 17:22

📔 Electronic schematic cheat sheet

This cheat sheet would be very useful to those trying to study electronic components. It can be printed as a poster or as a classic A4 cheat sheet. Would be very useful for reading electric schematics.

#cheatsheet #electronics

Electrical and electronics engineering

03 April 2026 16:18

This circuit shows how an Arduino controls an RGB LED using three output pins. An RGB LED contains three internal LEDs—Red, Green, and Blue—combined in one package. In this diagram, it is a common cathode type, meaning all the negative terminals are connected together and tied to ground.
Each color pin (R, G, B) is connected to a separate Arduino digital/PWM pin through a 220Ω resistor (R1, R2, R3). These resistors limit current and protect both the LED and the Arduino.
When the Arduino sends a HIGH signal to any pin, current flows through the resistor and the corresponding LED color turns ON. By using PWM (pins marked with ~), the brightness of each color can be adjusted. By mixing different brightness levels of Red, Green, and Blue, a wide range of colors can be produced.
For example:
Red + Green = Yellow
Red + Blue = Magenta
Green + Blue = Cyan
All three = White
This is the basic principle behind color mixing in displays and lighting systems.

#ElectronicsEducation #ElectronicsRD #Arduino #EmbeddedSystems

Electrical and electronics engineering

10 February 2026 15:32

Choosing the right semiconductor device becomes easier when you see how each one controls current and power.

✨✨A BJT is a current-controlled device where a small base current regulates a larger collector current, making it useful for amplification and basic switching.

✨✨An FET is voltage-controlled, so the gate voltage changes channel resistance with almost no input current, which improves efficiency and input impedance.

✨✨An IGBT combines the easy gate control of a FET with the strong output handling of a BJT, making it common in motor drives and high-power converters.

✨✨A thyristor works differently: a short gate pulse turns it ON, and it stays latched until current drops below a limit, which is ideal for controlled rectifiers and AC power control.
Seeing these differences side by side builds clear intuition about when to use each device in real electronic and power circuits.
#ElectronicsEducation #PowerElectronics #Semiconductors #BJT #fet #thyristor #IGBT
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Electrical and electronics engineering

05 February 2026 08:24

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Electrical and electronics engineering

02 February 2026 18:28

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Electrical and electronics engineering

17 March 2025 11:35

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Electrical and electronics engineering

11 March 2025 09:58

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Electrical and electronics engineering

27 February 2025 12:20

https://www.theengineeringstudy.com/2025/01/washing-machine-control-interfacing.html

Electrical and electronics engineering

19 February 2025 19:14

Fire Detector alarm circuit 🔥
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Electrical and electronics engineering

15 February 2025 05:05

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Electrical and electronics engineering

09 February 2025 09:50

Measuring Voltage Unbalance

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Electrical and electronics engineering

03 December 2024 14:12

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Electrical and electronics engineering

01 December 2024 09:08

Electrical cable sizing

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Electrical and electronics engineering

15 November 2024 11:18

Basics of differential protection relays pdf 🤩🤩💖🥰👍👏

Electrical and electronics engineering

11 November 2024 17:22

Share 'Electronics cheat sheet poster.pdf'

Electrical and electronics engineering

11 November 2024 14:36

Here are some notes about MOSFETs:
Structure
A MOSFET is a four-terminal device with terminals called the source, drain, gate, and body. The body is usually connected to the source terminal, making it a three-terminal device in appearance. 
Working
A MOSFET works by varying the width of a channel where charge carriers flow. The width of the channel is controlled by the voltage applied to the gate, which is located between the source and the drain. 
Uses
MOSFETs are used in both analog and digital circuits. They are the most common type of transistor because they use less power, have higher switching speeds, and can be miniaturized easily. 
Small-signal analysis
In small-signal analysis, a small AC signal is applied on top of the DC bias voltage. The resulting output AC voltage is amplified based on the slope of the transfer characteristic at the bias point. 
Drain punch-through
Drain punch-through can lead to leakage or breakdown between the source and the drain. This can cause loss of gate control.