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ENGLISH GRAMMAR NOTES + QUIZ™©

              

1. COGNIZANT (ADJECTIVE): (जानकार): Aware
Synonyms: Conscious, Apprised
Antonyms: Ignorant
Example Sentence:
She must be cognizant of the political boundaries within which she works.


2. NOVEL (ADJECTIVE): (नया): New
Synonyms: Original, Unusual
Antonyms: Old
Example Sentence:
The disease was novel as it was unheard until it hit the nation.


3. ELITE (NOUN): (कुलीन): Best
Synonyms: Pick, Cream
Antonyms: Dregs
Example Sentence:
The elite of armed forces were invited.


4. COMPREHENSIVE (ADJECTIVE): (व्यापक): Inclusive
Synonyms: All-inclusive complete
Antonyms: Partial
Example Sentence:
Her collection of photographs was anything but comprehensive.


5. COHERENT (ADJECTIVE): (तार्किक): Logical
Synonyms: Reasoned, Reasonable
Antonyms: Incoherent
Example Sentence:
They failed to develop a coherent economic strategy.


6. INTERMITTENT (ADJECTIVE): (रुक-रुक कर): Sporadic
Synonyms: Irregular, Fitful
Antonyms: Continuous
Example Sentence:
Shortly afterwards he fell ill of an intermittent fever, but seemed to recover.


7.FEAT (NOUN): (उपलब्धि): Achievement
Synonyms: Accomplishment, Attainment
Antonyms: Failure
Example Sentence:
The new printing presses were considerable feats of engineering.


8. CHRONIC (ADJECTIVE): (बहुकालीन): Constant
Synonyms: Continuing, Continual
Antonyms: Temporary
Example Sentence:
The schools seldom suffer from chronic overcrowding.


9. NORM (NOUN): (मानक): Standard
Synonyms: Usual, Normal
Antonyms: The exception
Example Sentence:
She scored well above the norm in math.


10. EXPOSED (ADJECTIVE): (भेद्य): Vulnerable
Synonyms: Defenseless, Undefended
Antonyms: Defensible
Example Sentence:
The army's exposed right flank was under attack.

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➡️ Swadhyay Suratgarh.
▪️ course:- School Lecturer History 2024

Online link 👇
http://on-app.in/app/oc/321450/ravdw?

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➡️ Swadhyay Suratgarh.
▪️ course :- GK & GS
School Lecturer 2024
Join करने के लिए Online link click kre 👇

http://on-app.in/app/oc/321482/ravdw

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1. PERVERSE (ADJECTIVE): (विकृतिग्रस्त): Awkward
Synonyms: Contrary, Difficult
Antonyms: Accommodating
Example Sentence:
Kate's perverse decision not to cooperate held good.

2. AMORAL (ADJECTIVE): (नीतिहीन): Unprincipled
Synonyms: Unethical, Unscrupulous
Antonyms: Moral
Example Sentence:
He has an amoral attitude towards everything in life.

3. FACILITATE (VERB): (सुविधाजनक बनाना): Ease
Synonyms: Enable, Assist
Antonyms: Impede
Example Sentence:
Schools were located in the same campus to facilitate the sharing of resources.

4. OUTBREAK (NOUN): (प्रकोप): Eruption
Synonyms: Flare-up, Upsurge
Antonyms: Pacification
Example Sentence:
The outbreak of World War II proved to be massive.

5. CONTEMPT (NOUN): (निंदा): Scorn
Synonyms: Disdain, Disrespect
Antonyms: Respect
Example Sentence:
Pamela stared at the girl with total contempt.

6. EXTRADITE (VERB): (प्रत्यर्पित करना): Deport
Synonyms: Hand over, Repatriate
Antonyms: Hold
Example Sentence:
He will be extradited from the U.S. to Canada to face criminal charges there.

7. ERADICATE (VERB): (जड़ से मिटाना): Get rid of
Synonyms: Eliminate, Do away with
Antonyms: Implant
Example Sentence:
This disease has been eradicated.

8. REPRESSIVE (ADJECTIVE): (दमनकारी): Oppressive
Synonyms: Authoritarian, Despotic
Antonyms: Democratic
Example Sentence:
A repressive regime was approved.

9. HUMILIATE (VERB): (शर्मिंदा करना): Embarrass
Synonyms: Mortify, Humble
Antonyms: Aggrandize
Example Sentence:
He got humiliate me in front of everyone.

10. MAR (VERB): (बिगाड़ना): Spoil
Synonyms: Ruin, Impair
Antonyms: Improve
Example Sentence:
Violence marred all the New Year celebrations.

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🔶1. ENVISAGE (VERB)
╰─────────────╯
● Meaning ➩ contemplate or conceive of as a possibility or a desirable future event. (परिकल्पना करना)

● Synonyms ➩ foresee, predict, forecast, foretell, imagine

🔷2. AMENITY (NOUN)
╰─────────────╯ 
● Meaning ➩ a desirable or useful feature or facility of a building or place. (सुख सुविधा)

● Synonyms ➩ facility, service, convenience, utility, resource,

🔶3. PERPETUAL (ADJ)
╰─────────────╯
● Meaning ➩ never-ending or changing. (लगातार)

● Synonyms ➩ everlasting, never-ending, eternal, perennial, enduring, immortal

🔷4. ADROIT (ADJ)
╰──────────╯ 
● Meaning ➩ clever or skillful in using the hands or mind. (निपुण)

● Synonyms ➩ skillful, adept, dexterous, agile, ingenious, peerless

🔶5. LASSITUDE (NOUN)
╰──────────────╯
● Meaning ➩ a state of physical or mental weariness; lack of energy. (अवसाद)

● Synonyms ➩ tiredness, lethargy, listlessness, weariness, torpor, sloth

🔷6. OBLOQUY (NOUN)
╰─────────────╯
● Meaning ➩ strong public criticism or verbal abuse. (अपमान)

● Synonyms ➩ criticism, standar, vilification, opprobrium, vituperation

🔶7. ABEYANCE (NOUN)
╰──────────────╯ 
● Meaning ➩ a state of temporary disuse or suspension. (ठहराव)

● Synonyms ➩ suspension, remission, adjourn, postponed, prorogue

🔷8. DIFFIDENCE (NOUN)
╰───────────────╯
● Meaning ➩ modesty or shyness resulting from a lack of self-confidence. (संशय)

● Synonyms ➩ shyness, bashfulness, unassertiveness, modesty, apprehension

🔶9. BALEFUL (ADJ)
╰────────────╯ 
● Meaning ➩ threatening harm; menacing. (हानिकारक)

● Synonyms ➩ menacing, threatening, unfriendly, hostile, malicious, acrimonious, sinister

🔷10. HOODWINK (VERB)
╰───────────────╯
● Meaning ➩ deceive or trick (someone). (आंख में धूल झोंकना)

● Synonyms ➩ deceive, trick, dupe, swindle, delude

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

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📘 Important Speaking Sentences

1. वो अजीब बातें करता है- He talks strange.

2. सीधे बैठो- Sit upright.

3. मुझे ये सब मत बताओ- Don't tell me all this.

4. क्या आप वाकई में सच कह रहे हैं- Do you really mean it?

5. आपका गुस्सा जायज है- Your anger is justified.

6. मजाक मत बनाओ- Don't make fun of him.

7. दीवारों के भी कान होते हैं- Even the walls have ears.

8. बढ़ा-चढ़ा कर मत बोलो- Don't exaggerate.

9. किसी को बुरा मत बोलो- Don't speak I'll to anybody.

10. मेरे रास्ते से हट जाओ- Move out of my way.

11. गुस्सा थूक दो- Spit away the anger.

12. कितनी शर्म की बात है- What a shame?

13. वो बहुत पतला है- He is so skinny.

14. गाड़ी से उतर जाओ- Get off the car.

15. मेरा ऐसा मतलब नहीं है- I don't mean it.

16. मैं काफी बेहतर महसूस कर रहा हूँ- I feel much better.

17. ये मेरे लिए बड़ी बात है- It's a big deal for me.

18. अपने दिमाग का इस्तेमाल करो- You use your brain.

19. ये हुई न बात- That's the way.

20. कृप्या अंदर आये- Please get in/Please come in.

21. आपको क्या हुआ- What happened to you?

22. इसका क्या मतलब है- What does it mean?

23. मैं तुम्हारी मदद करूँगा- I will help you.

24. कोई नहीं आया- Nobody came.

25. मुझे दोनों पसन्द है- I like both.

26. मुझे माफ़ कर दो- Please forgive me.

27. कुछ तो बोलो- Say something.

28. मुझे घर छोड़ दो- Drop me home.

29. आपकी उम्र लम्बी हो- May you live long.

30. ये तो होना ही था- This had to happen.

31. पैर घसीटकर मत चलो- Don't drag your feet.

32. सच हमेशा कड़वा होता है- The truth is always bitter.

33. आप क्या करते हो- What do you do?

34. आपको शांत रहना होगा- You need to remain calm.

35. क्या बकवास है- What a nonsense!

36. अपनी जीभ पर नियंत्रण रखें- Control your tongue.

37. वो हकला रहा था- He was stammering.

38. नजर न लगे- Touchwood.

39. तमीज से बात करो- Behave yourself.

40. मुझ पर विश्वास करो- Trust me.

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Types of coffee (कॉफ़ी के प्रकार):

1. Latte: a type of coffee made with espresso and hot steamed milk, milkier than a cappuccino. (Latte, espresso और steamed milk से बनती है. इसमें cappuccino के मुक़ाबले दूध की मात्रा ज्यादा होती है)

2. Cappuccino: a type of coffee made with espresso and milk that has been frothed up with pressurized steam. (Cappuccino, espresso और झाग वाले गरम दूध से बनायीं जाती है.)

3. Black: coffee which has no milk or cream added to it. (कॉफ़ी, जिसमें दूध और क्रीम नहीं मिलायी जाती है.)

4. Espresso: a type of strong black coffee made by forcing steam through ground coffee beans. (एक तरह की black strong coffee जोकि पीसे हुए coffee beans के साथ भाप के दबाव से बनायीं जाती है.)

5. Mocha: a flavoring made of a strong coffee infusion or of a mixture of cocoa or chocolate with coffee. (Mocha, कॉफ़ी के साथ cocoa के मिश्रण या chocolate को मिलकर बनायीं जाती है.)

6. Ristretto: a ristretto is an espresso shot that is extracted with the same amount of coffee but half the amount of water. (एक प्रकार का espresso shot जिसमें coffee की आधी मात्रा में पानी मिलाया जाता है)

7. Americano: a drink of espresso coffee diluted with hot water. (एक प्रकार की espresso coffee जिसमें गर्म पानी मिला कर पतला किया जाता है.)

8. Macchiato: a drink of espresso coffee with a dash of frothy steamed milk. (एक प्रकार की espresso coffee जिसमें थोड़ा झागदार steamed milk होता है.).

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📘 सीखिये माफ़ी माँगना English में -

◾️ Sorry! (माफ़ी मांगने के बेहतर तरीके)

1. Pardon.
2. I beg your pardon.
3. I am terribly sorry.
4. I am sorry.
5. I am really sorry.
6. I am awfully sorry.
7. Excuse me.
8. Excuse me, please.

◾️ I didn't mean that (मेरा यह मतलब नहीं था, कहने के बेहतर तरीके)

1. My mistake.
2. I was mistaken.
3. I messed up.
4. I made an error.

◾️ Just a moment, please. (जब आपको किसी का थोड़ा सा वक्त चहिये हो, तब इन phrases का इस्तेमाल करें)

1. Wait one minute.
2. This will take a second.
3. This will take a minute.
4. Please wait for a second.
5. Hold on for a second.
6. Excuse me a moment.

◾️ Am I disturbing you? (क्या मैं आपको परेशान कर रहा हूँ, कहने के बेहतर तरीके)

1. Is this a good time?
2. Are you busy?
3. Am I intruding?
4. Am I bothering you?

◾️That's my fault (यह मेरी गलती है, कहने के बेहतर तरीके)

1. Sorry, I wasn't paying attention.
2. Sorry, I was negligent.
3. It's my fault.
4. It was careless of me.
5. I'm to blame.
6. I did that, sorry.
7. I did it, sorry.

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इसमें नमक कम है
It is low in salt.

तुम समझते क्यों नही हो?
Why don’t you understand? 

मेरे फ़ोन में balance नहीं है 
My phone has no balance.

टाइम पर आ जाना 
Come on time 

ये तुम्हारी गलती है 
It’s your mistake.

मुझे क्यों घूर रहे हो?
Why are you staring at me?

कभी कभी ऐसा हो जाता है 
Sometimes it happens.

मुझे क्या सपने आते है?
Do I dream?

तुम्हारा Whatsapp status देखा मैंने 
I saw your WhatsApp status.

मै कब से तुम्हारा wait कर रहा हु 
I have been waiting for you for so long

तुम्हारी salary कब मिलती है?
When do you receive the salary?

मुझे जॉब की जरूरत है 
I need a job.

तुम आज तक उसे भूल नहीं पाए 
You couldn’t forget her till today.

क्या मै तुम्हे थोड़ी देर बाद कॉल करू?
Shall I call you after some time?

यहाँ रुकने का कोई फायदा नहीं है 
It’s no use staying here.

तुमने फालतू में उससे पंगा लिया 
You messed with him for no reason

मै तुमसे मिलना नहीं चाहता 
I don’t want to meet you.

तुम चाहते क्या हो?
What do you want?

तुम्हे क्या चाहिए?
What do you need?

तू फ़ोन क्यों नहीं उठा रहा था?
Why were you not picking up the phone?

चल कुछ खाते है 
Let’s eat something.

वो शायद सो रहा होगा 
He may be sleeping.

मै उससे पहले कभी नहीं मिला हु 
I have never met him before.

मेहनत का फल मीठा होता है 
Hard work pays

तुम्हे उससे ऐसा बर्ताव नहीं करना चाहिए था 
You should not have behaved like this with him.

काश मै तुमसे मिल सकता 
I wish I could meet you.

काश मेरे पास एक कार होती 
I wish I had a car.

तूने पहले क्यों नहीं बताया?
Why didn’t you tell me earlier?

उसकी तबियत कैसी है अब?
How is his health now?

अभी मिल सकते हो क्या?
Can you meet me right now?

आप एक बार मुझे inform कर सकते थे 
You could have informed me once.

हमारे पास Ego नहीं होना चाहिए 
We should not have an Ego.

तुम वहां कर क्या रहे थे?
What were you doing there?

तुम पागल हो गए हो क्या?
Have you gone mad?

ये बैग किसका है?
Whose Bag is this?

मै सब कुछ तेरे लिए ही तो करता हु 
I do everything for you

क्या तुम उससे डरते हो?
Do you get scared of him?

क्या आपको बाइक चलानी नहीं आती?
Don’t you know how to ride a bike?

कल हम फिल्म देखने जा रहे हो 
We are going to watch a movie tomorrow. 

मुझसे किसी ने नहीं पूछा 
No one asked me.

तुम मेरी मजबूरी क्यों नहीं समझते हो?
Why don’t you understand my compulsion?

तुम्हारा इरादा क्या है?
What’s your intention?

मैं आपका शुक्रगुजार रहूंगा हमेशा के लिए।
I will be thankful to you forever.

इतना आसान नही होता किसी को भुलाना।
It’s not easy to forget someone.

मैं तो तेरे रग रग से वाकिफ हूँ
I know you inside out.

मुझे अब नींद आ रही है
I am feeling sleepy now.

तुम्हारे लिए दरवाजे हमेशा खुले हैं
The doors are always open for you.

मेरे पास शब्द नही है
I am speechless.

मानना पड़ेगा, आपने कर दिखाया
I have to say, you did it.

मेरे लिए क्या लायें हो
What have you brought for me?

अगर मुझे कुछ हो गया तो
What if something happens to me.

आपने मेरे लिए किया क्या है
What have you done for me?

मैं तुम्हारे रास्ते मे अब कभी नही आऊंगा
Now I will never come to your way.

मैं आपका तहे दिल से स्वागत करता हूँ
I welcome you from the bottom of my heart.

आप इतने भी भोले नही है
You are not that innocent also.

कुछ तो गड़बड़ है
Something is wrong.

मैं तुम्हारे भावनाओ को ठेस नही पहचाना चाहता 
I don’t want to hurt your feelings.

मुझे मनाना नही आता
I don’t know how to persuade.

मैंने आपका क्या बिगाड़ा है?
What wrong have I done to you?

आज कल मैं जॉब ढूंढ रहा हूं
I am looking for a job nowadays.

तुम्हारे आने से पहले मैंने उसे फोन कर दिया था 
I had called her before you came.

टीचर का काम होता है पढ़ाना
Teachers are meant to teach.

तुम तो फालतू में इधर उधर घूमते रहते हो
You keep roaming here and there for no reason.

आप गिर भी सकते हो
You might fall.

ये फ़ोन मुझे बहुत महंगा पड़ा 
This phone cost me like a bomb.

अंग्रेजी सीखने में टाइम लगता है
It takes time to learn English.

आज के लिए इतना ही
That’s all for today.

हमने पूरी कोशिश की।
We tried our Best.

तू मेरा पक्का वाला दोस्त है।
You are my best friend.
You are my fast friend.

डरपोक कही का!
You are chicken-hearted!

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📘 Important Speaking Sentences

1. वो अजीब बातें करता है- He talks strange.

2. सीधे बैठो- Sit upright.

3. मुझे ये सब मत बताओ- Don't tell me all this.

4. क्या आप वाकई में सच कह रहे हैं- Do you really mean it?

5. आपका गुस्सा जायज है- Your anger is justified.

6. मजाक मत बनाओ- Don't make fun of him.

7. दीवारों के भी कान होते हैं- Even the walls have ears.

8. बढ़ा-चढ़ा कर मत बोलो- Don't exaggerate.

9. किसी को बुरा मत बोलो- Don't speak I'll to anybody.

10. मेरे रास्ते से हट जाओ- Move out of my way.

11. गुस्सा थूक दो- Spit away the anger.

12. कितनी शर्म की बात है- What a shame?

13. वो बहुत पतला है- He is so skinny.

14. गाड़ी से उतर जाओ- Get off the car.

15. मेरा ऐसा मतलब नहीं है- I don't mean it.

16. मैं काफी बेहतर महसूस कर रहा हूँ- I feel much better.

17. ये मेरे लिए बड़ी बात है- It's a big deal for me.

18. अपने दिमाग का इस्तेमाल करो- You use your brain.

19. ये हुई न बात- That's the way.

20. कृप्या अंदर आये- Please get in/Please come in.

21. आपको क्या हुआ- What happened to you?

22. इसका क्या मतलब है- What does it mean?

23. मैं तुम्हारी मदद करूँगा- I will help you.

24. कोई नहीं आया- Nobody came.

25. मुझे दोनों पसन्द है- I like both.

26. मुझे माफ़ कर दो- Please forgive me.

27. कुछ तो बोलो- Say something.

28. मुझे घर छोड़ दो- Drop me home.

29. आपकी उम्र लम्बी हो- May you live long.

30. ये तो होना ही था- This had to happen.

31. पैर घसीटकर मत चलो- Don't drag your feet.

32. सच हमेशा कड़वा होता है- The truth is always bitter.

33. आप क्या करते हो- What do you do?

34. आपको शांत रहना होगा- You need to remain calm.

35. क्या बकवास है- What a nonsense!

36. अपनी जीभ पर नियंत्रण रखें- Control your tongue.

37. वो हकला रहा था- He was stammering.

38. नजर न लगे- Touchwood.

39. तमीज से बात करो- Behave yourself.

40. मुझ पर विश्वास करो- Trust me.

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1. DELUGE (NOUN): (सैलाब करना): Barrage
Synonyms: Volley, Flood
Antonyms: Trickle
Example Sentence:
We received a deluge of complaints.


2. EFFICACY (NOUN): (प्रभावकारिता): Effectiveness
Synonyms: Success, Potency
Antonyms: Inefficacy
Example Sentence:
There is little information on the efficacy of this treatment.


3. ILLUSTRIOUS (ADJECTIVE): (शानदार): Eminent
Synonyms: Distinguished, Acclaimed
Antonyms: Unknown
Example Sentence:
The family was illustrious and wealthy, and claimed descent from Constantine.


4. AGGRESSIVE (ADJECTIVE): (आक्रामक): Assertive
Synonyms: Forceful, Competitive
Antonyms: Submissive
Example Sentence:
We needed more growth to pursue our aggressive acquisition strategy.


5. PROPITIOUS (ADJECTIVE):(अनुकूल): Favourable
Synonyms: Auspicious, Promising
Antonyms: Inauspicious
Example Sentence:
Finally, all things proved to be propitious.


6. TRAGEDY (NOUN): (त्रासदी): Disaster
Synonyms: Calamity, Catastrophe
Antonyms: Fortune
Example Sentence:
A tragedy arrived that killed 95 people.


7. OUTRAGEOUS (ADJECTIVE): (असुगम): Far-Fetched
Synonyms: Unlikely, Dubious
Antonyms: Realistic
Example Sentence:
The outrageous claims made by the previous government.


8. COUNTER (ADJECTIVE): (विरोध): Opposing
Synonyms: Opposed, Opposite
Antonyms: Complementary
Example Sentence:
After years of argument and counter argument there is no conclusive answer.


9. COMPLICATION (NOUN): (जटिल स्थिति): Complexity
Synonyms: Difficulty, Intricacy
Antonyms: Simplicity
Example Sentence:
To add further complication, English-speakers use a different name.


10. UNPRECEDENTED (ADJECTIVE): (अभूतपूर्व): Unparalleled
Synonyms: Unequalled, Unmatched
Antonyms: Normal
Example Sentence:
The preparations were made on an unprecedented scale.

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➡️ Swadhyay Suratgarh.
▪️ course : - School Lecturer Hindi 2024
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🌺✍1. SETBACK (NOUN): (बाधा): Problem
Synonyms: Difficulty, Issue
Antonyms: Breakthrough
Example Sentence:
There was a serious setback for the peace.


✍🌺2. UPHOLD (VERB): (कायम रखना): Maintain
Synonyms: Sustain, Continue
Antonyms: Abandon
Example Sentence:
They uphold a tradition of not causing distress to living creatures.


🌺✍3. INCAPACITATE (VERB): (अक्षमता): Disabled
Synonyms: Debilitated, Indisposed
Antonyms: Fit
Example Sentence:
He was incapacitated by a heart attack.


✍🌺4. SURREAL (ADJECTIVE): (अवास्तविक): Unreal
Synonyms: Bizarre Unusual
Antonyms: Real
Example Sentence:
The story was a surreal mix of fact and fantasy.


🌺✍5. CHAOTIC (ADJECTIVE): (अराजक): Disorderly
Synonyms: Disordered, Disorganized
Antonyms: Orderly
Example Sentence:
The administration of finance was as chaotic as the condition of parliament.


✍🌺6. VULNERABLE (ADJECTIVE): (सहज में घायल होने वाला): At risk
Synonyms: Endangered, Unsafe
Antonyms: Invulnerable
Example Sentence:
Children are the most vulnerable members of society.


🌺✍7. ABROGATION (NOUN): (निराकरण): Repudiation
Synonyms: Revocation, Repeal
Antonyms: Institution
Example Sentence:
The ministry proposed for the abrogation of the electoral law of 1850.


✍🌺8. HALT (VERB): (ठहरना): Stop
Synonyms: Come to rest, Pull up
Antonyms: Start
Example Sentence:
There is growing pressure to halt the bloodshed.


🌺✍9. DEPRESS (VERB): (दबाना): Slow down
Synonyms: Reduce,Lower
Antonyms: Encourage
Example Sentence:
Fear of inflation in America depressed bond markets.


✍🌺10. WITHSTAND (NOUN): (विरोध करना): Resist
Synonyms: Hold out against, Stand up to
Antonyms: Give in
Example Sentence:
The structure had been designed to withstand winds of more than 100 mph.

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1.BEWILDER (VERB): (भरमाना): baffle
Synonyms: mystify, bemuse
Antonyms: enlighten
Example Sentence:
She was bewildered by his sudden change of mood.


2.HAPLESS (ADJECTIVE): (अभागे): unfortunate
Synonyms: unlucky, luckless
Antonyms: lucky
Example Sentence:
I met the hapless victims of the disaster.


3.INHIBIT (VERB): (रोकना): impede
Synonyms: hinder hamper
Antonyms: assist
Example Sentence:
Too much cold inhibits plant growth.


4. INEVITABLY (ADVERB): (अनिवार्य रूप से): unavoidably
Synonyms: automatically, necessarily
Antonyms: avoidably
Example Sentence:
Inevitably some details are already out of date.


5.FRIVOLOUS (ADJECTIVE): (क्षुद्र): flippant
Synonyms: glib, waggish
Antonyms: serious
Example Sentence:
At bottom the man was frivolous, selfish and unstable.


6.CONTEMPT (NOUN): (अपमान): disrespect
Synonyms: disregard, slighting
Antonyms: respect
Example Sentence:
This action displays an arrogant contempt for the wishes of the majority.


7.DRENCH (VERB): (भिगाना): soak
Synonyms: saturate, wet through
Antonyms: dry
Example Sentence:
I fell in the stream and was drenched.


8.PROPRIETY (NOUN): (शिष्टाचार): decorum
Synonyms: respectability decency
Antonyms: impropriety
Example Sentence:
She always behaves with the utmost propriety.


9. FRAUGHT (ADJECTIVE): (बेचैन): anxious
Synonyms: worried, upset
Antonyms: calm
Example Sentence:
There was a fraught silence in the cabin.


10.COLLOQUIAL (ADJECTIVE): (बोल-चाल की शैली): informal
Synonyms: conversational, everyday
Antonyms: literary
Example Sentence:
His colloquial talents were indeed of the highest order.

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📚Prepositions

▪️ After का प्रयोग
➜ After ( बाद में )
Examples-

 I will meet you after 10.
(मैं तुमसे 10 बजे के बाद मिलूँगा ।)

 I reached after them.
(मैं उनके बाद पहुँचा।)

➜किसी के पीछे पड़ना जैसे –पुलिस का चोर के पीछे पड़ना, किसी को पाने के लिए पीछे पड़ना।
Example –

1.  I was after my professor for getting some help.
(मैं मदद पाने के लिए अपने प्रोफेसर के पीछे पड़ गया था।)

He was unnecessarily after that girl.
(वो बेवजह उस लड़की के पीछे पड़ा हुआ था। )

My father has denied thrice but I am still after him.
(मेरे पापा ने तीन बार मना कर दिया है पर मैं अभी भी उनके पीछे पड़ा हुआ हूँ ।)

▪️By का प्रयोग
➜ By ( द्वारा )

(In passive voice)राम के द्वारा , किसी के द्वारा।
(by Ram, by someone)

Examples-

I was stopped by someone.
(मुझे किसी के द्वारा रोका गया।)

 He can be sent by his father.
(उसे अपने पापा द्वारा भेजा जा सकता है।)

 
➜(b)- से

(किसी वाहन से सफर करना)
(travel by some vehicle)

बस से, कार से, प्लेन से।
(by bus, by car, by plane)

I travelled by bus.
(मैंने बस से यात्रा की।)

He is coming by noon flight.
(वो दोपहर की फ्लाइट से आ रहा है।

➜(c) - तक
(समय के साथ-केवल future indefinite tense में)
(With time – only in future indefinite tense)

2 बजे तक, सुबह तक।
(by 2 o’clock, by morning)

I will leave by 4 o’clock.
(मैं 4 बजे तक निकल जाऊँगा।)

We will finish it by morning.
(हम सुबह तक ये खत्म कर देंगे।)  

➜(d) - (बगल में)“बगल में” के लिए by के अलावा beside, next to, adjacent भी प्रयोग करते हैं जो आप आगे पढ़ने वाले हैं।  

1.  I was standing by him.
(मैं उसके बगल में खड़ा था।)


▪️Since का प्रयोग
➜ Since (से)

‘since’ का प्रयोग निश्चित समय के साथ होता है जब भी कभी वाक्य में रहा, रही, रहे का प्रयोग भी हो।
(‘since’ is used for point of time when the sentence is in continuous form)

Since 2 AM/ 2 PM/ 2 o’clock/ 3 o’clock

Since 1998/ 2005/ 2009/ 2012

Since Monday, Tuesday,……., Sunday

Since morning/ evening/ afternoon/ night

Since yesterday(कल)/ day before yesterday(परसों)

Since childhood(बचपन से)/ Since birth (जन्म से) 

1.  I have been working since morning.
(मैं सुबह से पढ़ रहा हूँ ।)

2.He has been trying since Monday.
(वो सोमवार से कोशिश  कर रहा है।)

▪️For का प्रयोग

(a) (से)‘For’ का प्रयोग अनिश्चित समय यानि समय की अवधि के साथ होता है जब भी कभी वाक्य में रहा, रही, रहे का प्रयोग भी हो। (‘For’ is used for duration of time when the sentence is in continuous form)1.  For 2 seconds/  2 minutes/ 2 hours / 2 days/ 2 weeks/ 2 months/ 2 years / 2 centuries

For a long (काफी देर से)
For a while (कुछ देर से)

For many days/hours/months/years

I have been studying for 2 hours.
(मैं 2 घंटे से पढ़ रहा हूँ ।)

He has been trying for many days.
(वो कई दिनों से कोशिश  कर रहा है।)


➜(b) के लिए (For any purpose) – पढ़ने के लिए, देखने के लिए, पैसे के लिए, किताब के लिए।    

I did it for you.
(मैंने ये तुम्हारे लिए किया।)

He came to me for money.
(वो मेरे पास पैसे के लिए आया।)

➜(c) किसी चीज़ के बदले कुछ और (For exchange) –अगर मैं कहूँ कि मैंने 20 रु की किताब खरीदी तो इसका मतलब यह है कि मैंने 20 रु के बदले में किताब ली। सोचो अगर किसी ने मुझे मेरे दो मोबाईलों के बदले में मुझे एक कम्प्यूटर दे दिया तो यह भी तो किसी चीज़ के बदले कुछ और लेना ही है।  

I gave a mobile for Rs. 500.
(मैंने 500 रु में मोबाईल दिया।)

He bought a pen for Rs. 5.
(उसने 5 रु में एक पैन खरीदा।)

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Ways to Introduce yourself:

1. Formal: Hi, nice to meet you. Let me introduce myself. I am Aman Singh. I work for ABC Private Limited. May I know your name, please?
(Hi, आपसे मिलकर अच्छा लगा. मैं अपना परिचय देता हूँ. मैं अमन सिंह हूँ. मैं ABC प्राइवेट लिमिटेड के लिए काम करता हूँ. क्या मैं आपका नाम जान सकता हूँ?)

2. Formal: Hi, are you Akshay Singh? Nice to meet you. I am Manisha Sharma. We spoke over the phone yesterday. I am from ABC Private Limited.
(Hi, क्या आप अक्षय सिंह हैं? आपसे मिलकर अच्छा लगा. मैं मनीषा शर्मा हूँ. हमने कल फ़ोन पर बात करी थी. मैं ABC प्राइवेट लिमिटेड से हूँ.)

3. Formal: Thank you for having me here, today. My name is Rita Singh. Pleasure meeting you all.
(मुझे आज यहाँ बुलाने के लिए शुक्रिया. मेरा नाम रीटा सिंह है. आपसे मिलकर अच्छा लगा.)

4. At a party: Hi, I am Raj's friend, Aman. Are you Priya? Raj has told me so much about you. It is nice to meet you in person.
(Hi, मैं राज का दोस्त अमन हूँ. क्या आप प्रिय हो? राज ने मुझे आपके बारे में बहुत कुछ बताया है. आप से मिलकर अच्छा लगा.)

5. Informal (pet name): My name is Aman, but you could call me Jolly. That's what most people call me.
(मेरा नाम अमन है लेकिन आप मुझे Jolly कह कर बुला सकते हैं. अधिकतर लोग मुझे इसी नाम से बुलाते हैं.)

6. Informal (pet name): My name is Aman Singh. I also go by 'Lucky'.
(मेरा नाम अमन सिंह है. मुझे लोग 'Lucky' भी बुलाते हैं.)

7. At a wedding: Hi, I am Rekha. I am the bride's cousin. Are you from the groom's side?
(Hi, मैं रेखा हूँ. मैं दुल्हन की बहन हूँ. क्या आप दूल्हे की तरफ से हैं?)

8. Asking for introductions:

i. May I know your name, please?

ii. Hi, I am Aman, Raj's best friend, and you are?

iii. Are you here for the interview as well? I am Aman, by the way. And you are?

iv. Hi, I am Saket. I haven't seen you around - are you a recent recruit? What is your name?

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🔰 Daily The Hindu Vocabulary | 10.02.2023 🔰

1. TRITE (ADJECTIVE): (घिसे-पिटे): hackneyed 
Synonyms: banal, clichéd 
Antonyms: original 
Example Sentence: 
This point may now seem obvious and trite. 

2. EXPLOIT (VERB): (अनुचित लाभ उठाना): take advantage of 
Synonyms: make use of, abuse 
Antonyms: treat fairly 
Example Sentence: 
These workers are at particular risk of being exploited in the workplace. 

3. OUTBREAK (NOUN): (प्रकोप): eruption 
Synonyms: flare-up, upsurge 
Antonyms: pacification 
Example Sentence: 
The outbreak of World War II proved to be massive. 

4. APPEASE (VERB): (शांत करना): conciliate 
Synonyms: placate, pacify 
Antonyms: provoke 
Example Sentence: 
Amendments have been added to appease local pressure groups. 

5. DISSIPATE (VERB): (ग़ायब हो जाना): disappear 
Synonyms: vanish evaporate 
Antonyms: grow 
Example Sentence: 
The concern she'd felt for him had wholly dissipated. 

6. EXTRADITE (VERB): (प्रत्यर्पित करना): deport 
Synonyms: hand over, repatriat
Antonyms: hold 
Example Sentence: 
He will be extradited from the U.S. to Canada to face criminal charges there. 

7. BIZARRE (ADJECTIVE): (विचित्र): strange 
Synonyms: peculiar, odd 
Antonyms: ordinary 
Example Sentence: 
We had to face a bizarre situation. 

8. CAMARADERIE (NOUN): (सौहार्द): friendship 
Synonyms: comradeship fellowship, 
Antonyms: solitude 
Example Sentence: 
Our camaraderie is evident to everyone. 

9. CERTAINTY (NOUN): (निश्चय): confidence 
Synonyms: conviction, certitude 
Antonyms: uncertainty 
Example Sentence: 
She knew with certainty that he is dead. 

10. MAR (VERB): (बिगाड़ना): spoil 
Synonyms: ruin, impair
Antonyms: improve 
Example Sentence: 
Violence marred all the New Year celebrations

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1. Diligent (मेहनती): having or showing care in one's work or duties.

Example: I am very diligent. I do whatever it takes to get the job done.

(मैं बहुत मेहनती हूँ. काम पूरा करने के लिए जो भी ज़रूरी हो वो मैं करता हूँ.)

2. Conscientious (ईमानदार): (of a person) wishing to do what is right, especially to do one's work or duty well and thoroughly.

Example: I am a conscientious person, who always strives to do things the right way.

(मैं एक ईमानदार इंसान हूँ, जो चीज़ें हमेशा सही तरीके से करना चाहता है.)

3. Reliable (भरोसेमंद): consistently good in quality or performance; able to be trusted.

Example: I am reliable and I believe in quality work.

(मैं भरोसेमंद हूँ और श्रेष्ठ तरीके से काम करना पसन्द करता हूँ.)

4. Creative (रचनात्मक): involving the imagination or original ideas
Organized: having things done in order

Example: I am creative and this gives me an edge over others.

(मैं रचनात्मक हूँ और यह मुझे दूसरों से अलग बनता है)

5. Responsible (ज़िम्मेदार): capable of being trusted

Example: I was responsible for handling the Marketing campaigns at my previous organization.

6. Analytical (विश्लेषी): relating to or using analysis or logical reasoning

Example: My analytical skills have been lauded before.

7. Determined (दृढ़ संकल्पी): firm and committed 

Example: I am determined to become a manager, I will work hard for it.

8. Confident (आत्मविश्वासी): self assured

Example: I am confident that I would be a great fit for this role.

9. Disciplined (अनुशासित): showing a controlled form of behavior or way of working

Example: I am very disciplined and punctual.

10. Articulate (साफ़ साफ़ बोलने वाला): having or showing the ability to speak fluently and coherently

Example: I am an effective communicator, and extremely articulate, and I believe that this will make me a perfect fit in a front facing role.

11. Eloquent (शब्दचतुर): fluent or persuasive in speaking or writing.

Example: My eloquence makes me a good fit for content writing roles.

12. Organized (नियमबद्ध): having things done in order

Example: I am organized and stick to deadlines.

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🔴 IDIOMS WITH HINDI MEANING

●First catch your hare/ Mind your own business  
पहले अपना देखो तब दुसरो को बोलो 

●Red handed/ flat footed
रंगे हांथो: Ramesh was caught red handed

●To take bread out of sb's mouth
किसी की रोजी रोटी छिनना: If government cannot give us employment then don't have rights to take bread out of our mouth.

●The story made my heart bleed खून के आंसूं

●Acting runs in his blood
खून में ही acting है 

●Bag of bones  
हड्डियों  का ढांचा: Why don't you eat something you are not more than a bag of bones.

●Grey market
चोर बाजार: He bought a mobile phone from grey market and got caught by police. 

●Talk shop
काम की बात करना: Don't talk shop when you are on vacation.  

●At the mercy of god
भगवान की दया पर: The patient is really in very bad condition, he is at the mercy of God.

●There is no help for it
अब कुछ नही हो सकता: There is no help, it's Sunday the banks are closed. 

●Modest
शालीन:  

●In vain
व्यर्थ हो जाना my hard work went in vain when my boss refused my proposal.

●I am not born yesterday
मुझे पता है क्या करना है में बच्चा नही हूँ

●To get up sb's nose
नाक में दम कर देना

●Any fool/idiot can answer it
कोई भी बता देगा: The question is so easy that any fool can answer it.

●To foot the bill
खर्च उठाना : You have to foot the bill I came to meet you after all. 

●Bad hair day
मनहूस दिन 

●Heartrending
दुखद: People got upset after listening to his heartrending incident. 

●To blow hard; to talk proudly
बड़ी बड़ी बाते करना: Come on! you are our boss for a few days, you don't need to blow hard.

●To give somebody long rope
ज्यादा छूट देना: People take you for granted if you give them long rope. 

●These are minute’s problem
बस कुछ देर की बात है

●Fair with in foul without
मुहँ पे कुछ और पीठ पे कुछ और 

●To kick some body in the teeth
बहुत नुकसान करना 

●Torch bearer
पथ प्रदर्शक 

●Hollow promises
खोखले वादे 

●He makes my blood boil
खून खौलाना 

●Accept unpleasant fact
अपनाना 

●To beat the air/ to roast a stone व्यर्थ मेहनत करना 

●Play the ape
अजीब व्यवहार करना

●Eager beaver
सिखने के लिए तैयार रहना

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ENGLISH GRAMMAR NOTES + QUIZ™©

👨‍🏫Prepositions Part - 1

▪️Till/ Until ( तक समय के साथ, दिन के साथ आदि।)

1.  I will work till 9.
(मैं 9 बजे तक काम करुँगा ।)

2.  We stayed till Monday.
(हम सोमवार तक ठहरे।)

3.  I was there until Saturday.
(मैं शनिवार तक वहाँ था।)

▪️ Behind ( पीछे )

1. I was behind Ram in the queue.
(मैं लाइन में राम के पीछे था ।)

2.  There is nobody standing behind him.
(उसके पीछे कोई नहीं खड़ा है।)

▪️Ahead of ( आगे )

लोग अक्सर confuse रहते हैं कि in front of और ahead का प्रयोग कहाँ पर करना है। सोचो आप एक लाइन में खड़े है और आपके आगे एक आदमी खड़ा है, उसकी पीठ आपकी तरफ है इसलिए वो आपके आगे है, इसे ahead कहेंगे और आप उसके पीछे यानि Behind। पर अगर आप किसी से बात कर रहे हैं उसको देखते हुए तो आप उसके in front of यानि सामने हैं।

1.  I was ahead of Ram in the queue.
(मैं लाइन में राम के आगे था ।)

2.  There is no one standing ahead of him.
(उसके आगे कोई नहीं खड़ा है।)

▪️Except  ( को छोड़कर, के अलावा )

1.  This shop opens every day except Sunday.
(यह दुकान रविवार को छोड़कर सभी दिन खुलती है।)

2.  I can scold anyone except you.
(तुम्हारे अलावा मैं किसी को भी डाँट सकता हूँ।)

▪️Up to का प्रयोग

1.किसी दूरी तक (up to certain distance) या
2.किसी जगह तक (up to certain place) या
3.किसी उम्र तक (up to certain age)

1.  I just went up to Dehradun.
(मैं बस देहरा दून तक गया ।)

2.  Seeta ran up to 5 kms.
(सीता 5 किलोमीटर तक दौड़ी।)

3.  You shouldn’t keep mobile up to 18.
(तुम्हें 18 की उम्र तक मोबाईल नहीं रखना चाहिए।)


▪️ Around ( चारों ओर )

(covered in all the directions)

1.  People were around me, yet I was lonely.
(लोग मेरे चारों ओर थे, फिर भी मैं तन्हा था ।)

2.  The Earth is revolving around the Sun.
(पृथ्वी सूर्य के चारों ओर घूम रही है।)

▪️Alongside ( किनारे ,साथ में )

जैसे –नदी के साथ में लगी हुई एक रोड/सड़क के किनारे

1.  There is a road alongside the river.
(नदी के साथ साथ एक रोड है।)

2.  A truck is parked alongside the road.
(रोड के किनारे एक ट्रक खड़ा है।)

3. साथ में लगी हुई एक कार
(A car parked alongside the road)
 

▪️ Along ( साथ में )
(with a person/thing)

1.  Will you come along?
(क्या तुम साथ आओगे ?)

2.  You will get this pen along the mobile.
(तुम्हें ये पैन मोबाइल के साथ मिलेगा।)


▪️ Across  के पार (किसी चीज़ के पार)
(across something)

1.  Can you swim across the river?
(क्या तुम नदी तैर कर पा र कर सकते हो ?)

2.  There was a man standing across the road.
(एक आदमी सड़क के पार खड़ा था।)

3.  My shop is across the road.
(मेरी दुकान सड़क के उस पार है।)


▪️ Inside (अन्दर की तरफ, )
( किसी बन्द आकृति के अन्दर। )

अगर मैं कहूँ कि आप घर के अन्दर हैं तो भी आप “inside” ही हैं क्योंकि  घर भी एक बन्द आकृति है।

1.  What is inside the computer?
(कम्प्यूटर के अन्दर क्या है ?)

2.  He was inside and I was outside.
( वो अन्दर था और मैं बाहर था।)

▪️Outside ( बाहर की तरफ, )
( किसी बन्द आकृति से बाहर। )

1.  He was standing outside the home.
(वो घर के बा हर खड़ा था ।)

2.  He was outside the school premises.
( वो स्कूल परिसर के बाहर था।)
 

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ENGLISH GRAMMAR NOTES + QUIZ™©

1. SPECTACULAR (ADJECTIVE): (प्रभावशाली): Impressive
Synonyms: Magnificent Splendid
Antonyms: Unimpressive
Example Sentence:
The party suffered a spectacular loss in the election.


2. ANXIETY (NOUN): (चिंता): Worry
Synonyms: Concern, Apprehension
Antonyms: Calmness
Example Sentence:
There was anxiety in her quiet voice.


3. CREDULITY (NOUN): (भोलापन): Gullibility
Synonyms: Naivety, Innocence
Antonyms: Worldliness
Example Sentence: 
Moneylenders prey upon their credulity and inexperience.


4. FEASIBLE (ADJECTIVE): (व्यवहार्य): Practicable
Synonyms: Practical, Workable
Antonyms: Impractical

Example Sentence:
It is not feasible to put most finds from excavations on public display.


5. COMPROMISE (NOUN): (समझौता): Agreement
Synonyms: Understanding, Settlement
Antonyms: Intransigence
Example Sentence:
Eventually they reached a compromise.


6. FEDERAL (ADJECTIVE): (संयुक्त): Confederate
Synonyms: Federated, Combined
Antonyms: Unitary
Example Sentence:
The health ministry has sole federal responsibility for healthcare.


7. RETRIBUTION (NOUN): (प्रतिदण्ड): Punishment
Synonyms: Penalty, Nemesis
Antonyms: Forgiveness
Example Sentence:
Employees asked not to be named, saying they feared retribution.


8. VIABLE (ADJECTIVE): (व्यवहार्य): Workable
Synonyms: Feasible, Practicable
Antonyms: Impracticable
Example Sentence:
The proposed investment was said to be economically viable.


9. INSURGENT (NOUN): (विद्रोही): Rebel
Synonyms: Revolutionary, Mutineer
Antonyms: Loyalist
Example Sentence:
The armed insurgents planned an attack.


10. DECIMATE (VERB): (बरबाद करना): Destroy
Synonyms: Kill, Remove
Antonyms: Bear, Build
Example Sentence:
The inhabitants of the country had been decimated.

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ENGLISH GRAMMAR NOTES + QUIZ™©

1. EXTERMINATE (VERB): (विनाश करना): Destroy
Synonyms: Do away with put an end to
Antonyms: Build
Example Sentence:
After exterminating the entire population, the soldiers set fire to the buildings.

2. ISOLATION (NOUN): (अलगाव): Separation
Synonyms: Segregation, Setting apart
Antonyms: Contact
Example Sentence
Isolation from family and friends may also contribute to anxiety.

3. DISMAL (ADJECTIVE): (विषादपूर्ण): Gloomy
Synonyms: Glum, Mournful
Antonyms: Cheerful
Example Sentence:
His dismal mood was not dispelled by finding the house empty.

4. TENACIOUS (ADJECTIVE): (दृढ़): Firm
Synonyms: Tight, Strong
Antonyms: Loose
Example Sentence:
He had a tenacious grip on the rope so as to win.

5. EMBOLDEN (VERB): (प्रोत्साहित करना): Encourage
Synonyms: Hearten Strengthen
Antonyms: Discourage
Example Sentence:
Emboldened by the claret, he killed her.

6. DEJECTION (NOUN): (विषाद): Despondency
Synonyms: Depression,Disappointment
Antonyms: Happiness
Example Sentence:
He was slumped in deep dejection.

7. PRESUMPTIVE (ADJECTIVE): (प्रकल्पित): Conjectural
Synonyms: Speculative, Tentative
Antonyms: Definitive
Example Sentence:
His was a presumptive diagnosis.

8. PARAMOUNT (ADJECTIVE): (प्रमुख महत्त्व का): Uppermost
Synonyms: Supreme, Chief
Antonyms: Subordinate
Example Sentence:
The interests of the child are paramount.

9. PROVISIONAL (ADJECTIVE): (अनंतिम): Interim
Synonyms: Temporary, pro tem
Antonyms: Permanent
Example Sentence:
It was a provisional government.

10. ABROGATE (VERB): (अभिनिषेध करना): Repeal
Synonyms: Repudiate, Revoke
Antonyms: Institute
Example Sentence:
A proposal to abrogate temporarily the right to strike.

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