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✅Advanced #Discussion on October 30th, 2023
🔶 جلسه #دیسکاشن پیشرفته در روز دوشنبه هشتم آبان ماه 1402
🔴 Topic: Sharing experiences and ideas: to do or not to do?
🔶New words
1. attendance: presence in a place
2. haphazardly: in a manner lacking any obvious principle of organization, aimlessly, carelessly, casually, randomly, accidentally, and by chance
3. casualty: a person killed or injured in a war or accident.
4. saddening: bleak, daunting, disheartening, dismal, dispiriting, and distressing
5. adjacent: being in close proximity, near; next; adjoining
6. superficial: cursory and shallow سطحی
7. constructive: helpful, useful, positive, encouraging, productive, practical, valuable ,profitable ,worthwhile, effective, beneficial, advantageous
8. perfunctory: superficial, cursory; rushed, hurried; careless, negligent, reckless; that lacks enthusiasm سرسری، بی مبالات
9. enlightened: informed, aware, educated, knowledgeable, learned, wise, literate, intellectual, tutored, illuminated, apprised
10. result in: cause, create, bring, generate, prompt, produce, bring about
11. brilliant: exceptionally clever or talented, gifted, talented, virtuoso, genius, accomplished, ingenious, masterly, inventive, creative, intelligent, bright, clever, smart, astute
12. unbearable: intolerable, insufferable, unsupportable, insupportable, unendurable
13. motto: slogan
14. stagnant: dormant, idle, inactive, lifeless, listless, sluggish, static, stationary
15. exemplify: illustrate, serve as an example
16. masculine: مردانه / feminine: زنانه
🔶Expressions & Collocations
1. have a ball: enjoy greatly.
2. lose track of time/money/etc.
3. keep track of time/money/etc.
4. The reverse is true.
5. peaceful co-existence همزیستی مسالمت آمیز
6. in conjunction with: together, jointly, conjointly, in cooperation, cooperatively, in collaboration, in partnership, in combination, in unison
7. common sense
8. common ground
🎥Movies
Captain Fantastic (Comedy/drama, 2016)
The Glass Castle (character drama, 2017)
The Magnificent Seven (2016 ‧ Drama/Western)
اتوبوس شب (1385)
📚Books
The Practical Writer with Reaydings (Edward P. Bailey and Philip A. Powell)
Longman Academic Writing Series
Paragraph Development: A Guide for Students of English (Martin L. Arnaudet and Mary Ellen Barrett)
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My personal channel:
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LIFE IS SHORT !
Growing up, my cousin and I were inseparable. We spent summers at the beach, went on countless adventures, and shared secrets that no one else knew. We were more than just cousins; we were best friends.
As we got older, life started to get in the way. We went to different colleges, started careers, and moved to different cities. We still talked on the phone and visited each other when we could, but it wasn't the same.
One day, I got a call from my aunt. My cousin had been diagnosed with a rare form of cancer. I was devastated. How could this happen to someone so young, so full of life?
I dropped everything and went to be with her. We spent hours talking and reminiscing about old times. She was so brave and determined to fight this disease.
But despite her courage, time was not on our side. The cancer spread quickly, and before we knew it, she was gone.
I was heartbroken. It felt like a piece of me had died with her. But in the midst of my grief, I realized something important: life is short.
We never know how much time we have with the people we love. We can't take a single moment for granted. So I made a promise to myself to cherish every moment and to always hold onto the memories of my cousin.
Years have passed since she left us, but I still think of her often. Her memory reminds me to live life to the fullest and to never let a day go by without telling the people I love how much they mean to me.
Life is too short to waste on anything else.
Highlighted vocabulary from the story ⬆️
Inseparable = If two or more people are inseparable, they are such good friends that they spend most of their time together:
➡️ The bond between me and my brother is inseparable
➡️ When we were kids, Jim and I were inseparable
Get in the way = prevent somebody from doing something; prevent something from happening: q
➡️ The heavy traffic got in the way of our plans to arrive on time.
➡️ The rainy weather got in the way of our outdoor picnic.
Reminiscing about old times = means to recall and talk about past experiences or memories.
➡️ Whenever I meet my childhood friend, we spend hours reminiscing about old times.
➡️ Reminiscing about old times always brings a smile to my face.
Brave = showing no fear of dangerous or difficult things:
➡️ She had to be brave and face her fear of heights to climb to the top of the mountain.
Take a single moment for granted = means to not appreciate or value a moment or experience that may seem small or insignificant at the time.
➡️ Don't take a single moment for granted on your vacation, enjoy every second of it.
➡️ I regret taking my time with my grandparents for granted, now they're no longer with us.
Cherish every moment
➡️ After losing her father, she learned to cherish every moment they had together.
➡️ Even in difficult times, it's important to cherish every moment of happiness and joy.
Hold onto = to keep something or someone that is important or useful:
➡️ He promised to hold onto the lessons he learned from his mistakes and use them to become a better person.
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Sub. + to be + not + having it...
🟢قبول نمیکنه...
🔸مثال:
⭐️I tried to explain to her, but she just wasn’t having it.
من سعی کردم که بهش توضیح بدم اما اون قبول نمیکرد
⭐️No sorry, we agreed on today, not tomorrow. I'm not having it.
نه ببخشید ما روی امروز توافق کرده بودیم نه فردا من قبولش نمیکنم
⭐️Hiking in this weather ? No thank you, I'm not having it!
کوهنوردی توی این هوا نه ممنون من قبولش نمیکنم.
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#writing
✅Writing task one question and sample
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📋 YOU NEED TO WORK HARDER
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Fall down seven times, get up eight.
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✅Elementary #Discussion on September 25th, 2023
🔶 جلسه #دیسکاشن مبتدی در روز دوشنبه سوم مهر 1402
🔴 Topic: Music
1. How often do you listen to music?
2. What genres of music do you like? Which do you dislike?
3. Can you play a musical instrument? Can you sing well?
4. Does music have the power to change your mood? How does music affect you?
5. Do you enjoy dancing?
🔶Grammar & Conversation
plan: برنامه شخصی و زمانی
program: برنامه تلویزیونی یا کامپیوتری
curriculum: برنامه درسی
❌go to shopping ✅go shopping
❌listen sb/sth ✅listen to sb/sth
🔶New words
1. improve:enhance بهبود بخشیدن
2. swallow: قورت دادن
3. torture: شکنجه کردن
4. hectic: busy, crowded
5. procedure: روند، فرآیند
6. lively: energetic and full of life
7. mate: a close friend
8. introduce: معرفی کردن
9. define: تعریف کردن
10. painkiller: داروی مسکن
11. barely: hardly, rarely
12. detest: hate
13. dust: گرد و خاک، گرد و خاک خوردن
14. Strive: try
15. composer: آهنگساز
16. karaoke: singing with recorded music while the lyrics are displayed on a screen
17. dismal: gloomy, cheerless, depressing, sad
18. advantages: benefit; profit مزیت، برتری
🔶Expressions & Collocations
1. under the weather: not feeling healthy, out of sorts, not in good health, sick, unwell
2. lose weight: وزن کم کردن
3. gain/put on weight وزن زیاد کردن
4. be busy with sth/ be busy doing sth
5. instrumental/non-vocal music: موسیقی بیکلام
6. mess up: do poorly خراب کردن
7. take up a course
8. dance to a music/dance with sb
9. go viral: If a video, image, or story goes viral, it spreads quickly and widely on the internet through social media and email.
10. music score: موسیقی متن
🔶Pronunciation
architect - energy - violin
🎥Movies
The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1966 ‧ Western/Spaghetti western)
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LEARN ENGLISH PODCAST🎧
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#writing
Many elderly people are no longer looked after by their families but are put in care homes or nursing homes. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this trend?
Care homes are now becoming more popular as an increasing number of people do not take care of their older relatives. This tendency can be viewed as both positive and negative since nursing homes can offer benefits, but senior citizens may not always have the emotional support they need. Also, cultural norms play a huge contextual role in the given topic.
On the one hand, nursing homes employ healthcare staff that may take care of the elderly much better than family members do. This is especially true when the old individual suffers from deteriorating health. Care homes are equipped with specific devices and offer therapeutic activities that are all aimed at improving health of the elderly. Whether controversial or not, this professional approach is not present in home care. Another benefit of care homes is that a group of senior citizens can spend time together, meaning there is social engagement that they may not have with relatives that are much younger. These are the main advantages of nursing homes.
On the other hand, it is true that the elderly may not feel comfortable enough in a nursing home, mainly because they are far from family and may lack emotional support. In other words, living in a care home may result in isolation and loneliness, despite being around peers. In addition, placing the older member of a family in a care home may result in scandals because of cultural differences. To be specific, in Eastern countries, including Uzbekistan, it is not morally appropriate to send older family members to a care home. Such a decision is likely to be met with criticism since the culture of the region is family-oriented. Due to this perspective, nursing homes are not popular and not supported in many countries worldwide.
In conclusion, nursing home appears to have benefits related to providing professional healthcare, but many people may not be ready to use such a facility because of cultural aspects.
324 words.
Explanation of how neutral tone and objectivity were used in the essay ⤵️
1. Objective Presentation of Facts: When discussing the benefits of care homes, the essay does not use overly positive or negative language. Phrases like "may take care of the elderly much better" and "professional approach is not present in home care" are statements of fact rather than opinions.
2. Addressing Both Sides: By discussing both the advantages ("On the one hand") and disadvantages ("On the other hand") of care homes, the writer ensures that readers get a comprehensive view. This is crucial for maintaining neutrality.
3. Use of Non-Judgmental Language: When discussing potentially controversial topics, like the cultural norms of Eastern countries, the essay does not take a stance or pass judgment. It simply states the prevailing beliefs without saying they're right or wrong.
4. Caveats and Qualifiers: The essay frequently uses qualifying language like "may not feel", "may lack", and "may not be ready" to suggest that these are possibilities, not certainties. This ensures that the arguments don't come off as overly assertive or biased.
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شیر یا خط
coin flipping
شیر یا خط کردن
to flip a coin
☚ به آن روی سکه که نقشبرجستهای از (نیمرخِ) یک شخصیت دارد heads میگویند (شیر)، و به روی دیگر سکه که ممکن است نقش هر چیز دیگری داشته باشد tails میگویند (خط).
▫️بذار شیر یا خط کنیم. شیر میخوای یا خط؟
Let's flip for it./Let's flip a coin.
Heads or tails?
▫️کدام را میخوای؟ شیر یا خط؟
Which do you want? Heads or tails?
▫️با یک شیر یا خط تکلیفش مشخص میشود.
It'll be decided by a flip of a coin.
☚ اینجا flip در حالت اسمی است.
▫️نتوانستیم تصمیم بگیریم/ به نتیجه برسیم که کدام فیلم را برویم ببینیم، این بود که سرآخر شیر یا خط کردیم.
We couldn't decide which movie to go to, so in the end we just flipped a coin.
▫️شیر اومد، پس من برندهام.
It's heads, so I win!
▫️شیر یا خط کرد و من باختم.
He flipped a coin and I lost.
▫️بذار شیر یا خط کنیم ببینیم کی باید اول بره.
Let's flip a coin and see who goes first.
☚ در انگلیسیِ بریتانیایی بهجای فعل to flip، بیشتر از فعل to toss استفاده میشود.
☚ با دو فعل toss و flip همچنین میتوانیم عملِ انداختن سکه به سمت کسی یا چیزی را نشان دهیم.
▫️سکهای به سمت گدا انداخت.
He flipped a coin to the beggar.
یا
He flipped the beggar a coin.
🔲 ترکیب heads or tails با کمک فعل make در معنایی مجازی و البته بیربط به شیر یا خط کردن هم بکار میرود، زمانی که بخواهیم بگوییم از چیزی یا حرف کسی یا رفتار کسی اصلاً سر در نمیآوریم و نمیفهمیم.
▫️یک سری دستورالعمل به کارآموزان داد، ولی از حرفهایش چیزی نفهمیدند.
He gave some instructions to the trainees, but they couldn't make heads or tails of them.
▫️از سر و ته داستانش هیچی دستگیرم نشد.
I couldn't make heads or tails of her story.
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💠 Other ways to say “Nice”
🔸enjoyable
🔹pleasurable
🔸thoughtful
🔹courteous
🔸lovely
🔹pleasing
🔸gracious
🔹congenial
🔸cordial
🔹admirable
🔸considerate
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Informal words for number/quantity
- I’ve got dozens of nails in my toolbox [a dozen is 12 ;dozens of means many;especially used for countables]
- Scores of people were injured when the gas tank exploded.[a score is 20 or about 20;scores of means a large number of; usually formal]
- There’s heaps/bags/loads of time yet,slow down!(usually with singular there is,not there are; countable or uncountable;infml)
- There was absolutely tons of food at the party–far too much.(again,note singular there was;especially used for things, not so often used for abstract nouns).
- There are tons of apples on this tree this year–last year there were hardly any.
(Note:The verb here is plural because of‘apples’,but singular in the example before with ‘food’–number depends on the noun following, not on tons/lots/loads.)
- Just a drop of milk for me,please.[tiny amount of any liquid]
Source: Vocabulary in Use
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Have a stab at
به معنای انجام دادن یا تجربه کردن چیزی که قبلا فرصت انجامش وجود نداشت- شانس تجربه کردن چیزی برای اولین بار
✨ Ex:
I had a stab at surfing once but I decided not to renew the experience!
یه بار شانس تجربه ی موج سواریُ داشتم و تصمیم گرفت این تجربه رو تکرارش نکنم
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Useful vocabulary
1. enduring: Lasting or continuing for a long time.
2. paramount: Supreme; above others in terms of importance or impact.
3. heinous: Wicked; abominably evil.
4. harrowing: Extremely distressing or traumatic.
5. icy: Cold in manner or expression.
6. pizzazz: An attractive combination of vitality and glamour.
7. unabashed: Not embarrassed or ashamed.
8. ostentation: Pretentious display meant to impress others.
9. larger-than-life: Bigger, better, or more important than most others of its kind.
10. canon: A collection or list of sacred works. Here it's used to refer to the standard or recognized collection of works in pop culture.
11. third-in-line: Referring to Scar's position in the succession to the throne. Mufasa is first, Simba is second, making Scar the third.
12. sinister: Giving an impression of evil or mystery.
13. indelible marks: Marks that cannot be removed, forgotten, or erased.
14. live in the gray area: To be ambiguous or not clearly defined as right or wrong.
15. redemption arcs: Story arcs where a character undergoes positive change and seeks redemption for their past misdeeds.
16. immutable: Unchanging or unable to change.
17. sea change: A profound transformation.
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📹 Why do we dream? - Amy Adkins
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✍️ تفاوت بین کلمات
● older
● elder
● eldest
● oldest
✨ کلمات older و oldest رو میشه هم با اشخاص و هم با اشیاء به کار برد...
💫 اما elder و eldest مخصوص انسانِ و معمولا در مورد اعضای یک خانواده به کار میره.
1️⃣ John is my elder brother.
جان برادر بزرگتر من است.
2️⃣ He is my eldest brother.
او بزرگترین برادر من است.
3️⃣ He is older than I am.
او از من مسن تر است.
4️⃣ Lucy is the oldest girl in our class.
لوسی مسن ترین دختر در کلاس ما است.
✅ نکته:
هیچوقت elder با than به کار نمیره.
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#writing
Nowadays, people have adopted an unhealthy lifestyle.
Why do think this is?
How could this problem be solved?
It is true that many people today lead an unhealthy lifestyle. The growing trend towards an unhealthy lifestyle can be for several reasons, and there are a couple of practical steps that can be taken to address this issue.
The chief reason why more and more people nowadays have an unhealthy lifestyle is the rapidly changing nature of our world. While in the past people generally worked fewer hours and enjoyed a significant amount of free time, today they are compelled to have multiple jobs and assume many responsibilities to keep pace with rising expectations from family and work. As a result, their personal needs such as diet, exercise and sleep have become secondary. To counter this trend, employers should promote work-life balance. This can be done by allowing employees frequent breaks for rejuvenation and tending to their personal needs. Not only does it help improve their personal lifestyle, but it also enhances staff productivity and job fulfilment.
Furthermore, the prevalence of technology is also to blame for the widespread adoption of unhealthy lifestyle. Indeed, technology has pervaded both our personal and professional lives, which has meant limited mobility for people. Being deprived of chances for physical engagement, people have become vulnerable to a range of physical and mental problems such as obesity, depression, and stress. To remedy this situation, the government should encourage limited use of technology. They can accomplish it by alerting people to the dangers of excessive electronics use through social media campaigns which help raise people’s awareness of adverse effects of over-indulgence in technology. Having been encouraged to take a break from technology, people have time for healthier pursuits like physical exercise and socialization, which are essential components of a healthy lifestyle.
In conclusion, while the quickly evolving nature of our society and technology are the main culprits of the growing tendency for an unhealthy lifestyle, employers and the government should take the initiative to alleviate this problem.
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The pie charts illustrate the results of a survey on benefits and drawbacks of staying on Bowen Island. Visitors shared their views on what they enjoyed and disliked about their experience.
Overall, although Bowen Island leaves a positive impression due to its natural beauty and local people, among other upsides, it still seems to have shortcomings that left respondents dissatisfied.
Turning to the specifics, it appears that tourists mainly enjoyed staying on Bowen Island thanks to its local people and the scenery. These segments account for 42% and 35%, respectively. The two other beneficial features are the local culture and good accommodation, making up 12% and 11%.
With regard to the complaints, the most common one is the high cost of living, with 50% of the visitors saying they were concerned about the living expenses. Another common issue, according to the tourists, is the entertainment on the island, leaving 25% of visitors frustrated about the lack and/or quality of entertainment. In comparison, the weather (15%) and the food quality (10%) account for significantly lower percentages.
175 words.
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📋 YOU NEED TO WORK HARDER
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#bbc
📋 Is knuckle cracking good for you
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✅Advanced #Discussion on September 25th & 28th 2023
🔶 جلسه #دیسکاشن پیشرفته در روز دوشنبه سوم و پنجشنبه ششم مهر 1402
🔴 Topics:
Toxic Parents
Why are you living?
🔶Grammar & Conversation
❌treat to sb ✅treat sb
🔶New words
1. harem: حرمسرا
2. homeschooling: the education of children at home by their parents.
3. glitch: defect, malfunction عیب، مشکل
4. honorific: a title or word implying or expressing respect, such as Mr., Dr., Mrs.
5. simile: صنعت تشبیه و استعاره
6. despise: hate, loathe, humiliate, scorn خوار شمردن، حقیر شمردن، نفرت داشتن
7. haphazard: random, irregular; lacking order or direction اتفاقی، بدون طرح
8. thoughtful: contemplative; considerate متفکر، اندیشمند
9. insightful: perceptive, discerning, understanding, astute, intuitive آگاه، بینا
10. prototype: original model which serves as an example for later stages or forms; ideal, example, standard پیش الگو، نمونه اولیه
11. lasting: continuing, enduring, remaining for a long time, durable ماندگار، بادوام
12. copious: bountiful; abundant, plentiful زیاد
13. omnipotent: almighty, having infinite power and authority قادر مطلق
14. empower: bestow authority on a person, give power; enable, allow, permit
15. pointless: useless, futile; senseless; needless, unnecessar
16. quench: satisfy a need (esp. thirst); cool by immersing in a cold liquid; repress a desire (or urge, etc.); put an end to, destroy; relieve رفع کردن
17. numerous: very many, consisting of a great number, multiple
18. thought-provoking: stimulating careful consideration or attention.
19. communal: belonging to a community; pertaining to a community; public
20. societal: of or pertaining to society, social
21. ethnicity: نژاد
22. negate: deny; refute, rebut, prove something wrong; neutralize; contradict
23. obstacle: obstruction, impediment, hindrance
24. trivial: trifling, unimportant, insignificant, minor
🔶Expressions & Collocations
1. I said TO myself.
2. make a mistake
3. give birth to: bear a child, bring forth offspring; bring forth, originate, create something (as of an idea or vision)
4. Two things go with each other: Those things are said to be compatible (or not):. (of two things) able to exist or occur together without problems or conflict.
5. tertiary education: refers to all formal post-secondary education, including public and private universities, colleges, technical training institutes, and vocational schools.
6. pursue further education
7. on end: continuing without stopping for a specified period of time.
8. give notice: Inform or warn someone of something, especially for resignation
9. fill sb in: keep sb posted
10. get married TO
11. be about to do sth
12. Don't get me wrong.
13. Where is the fire?: What's the big hurry for? کجا با این عجله؟
14. take a breath
🎥Movies
Dead Poets Society (1989 ‧ Drama/Teen)
Hostiles (2017 ‧ Western/Drama)
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LEARN ENGLISH PODCAST🎧
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✅ Vocabulary time
⏩ a perfect fit: the right person for the job.
⏩ acumen: the ability to think clearly and make good decisions.
⏩ excel: be superior to, among the best.
⏩ head: to be the leader of something.
⏩ implement: to make something active or effective.
⏩ training session: a meeting where people acquire skills and knowledge about a subject.
⏩ struggle: have a difficult time.
⏩ punctuality: arriving or doing something at the expected or planned time.
⏩ address: to deal with (a matter, issue, problem, etc.).
⏩ short list: to select a few candidates in order to make a final selection or decision.
⏩ prospect: someone or something that is likely to succeed or to be chosen.
⏩ CV: curriculum vitae; a short document that describes your education, work experience, etc.
⏩ shortcoming: a weakness that someone has.
⏩ asset: a valuable or beneficial thing or ability that a person has.
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England
یعنی کشور انگلستان (منهای اسکاتلند و ویلز و ایرلند شمالی)
☚ این کشور بزرگترین کشور در جزیرهی بریتانیاست (یعنی از ویلز و اسکاتلند بزرگتر است).
Great Britain
یعنی کشور انگلستان (به اضافهی ویلز و اسکاتلند ولی منهای ایرلند شمالی)
☚ منظور از کشور انگلستان در اینجا یعنی اتحاد هر سه کشور جزیرهی بریتانیا (شامل انگلستان، ویلز و اسکاتلند).
the United Kingdom (the UK)
یعنی کشور انگلستان (به اضافهی ویلز، اسکاتلند و ایرلند شمالی)
☚ نام کامل و رسمی این حالت که کم هم بهکار میرود هست:
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
◾️در ترجمه از انگلیسی به فارسی، همانگونه که بالاتر دیدیم، برای هر سه حالت معمولاً انگلستان یا انگلیس مینویسیم (و برای حالت دوم و سوم گاه بریتانیای کبیر).
طبیعی است که تفاوتهای ذکرشده در بالا از معادلهای فارسی فهمیده نمیشود و شاید نیازی هم نباشد.
هرگاه تاکید بر این تفاوتها باشد میتوان در پانوشت به آنها اشاره کرد.
در ترجمه از فارسی به انگلیسی بیشتر باید حواسمان جمع باشد و این تفاوتها را در نظر داشته باشیم.
◾️منظور از British Isles یا همان جزایر بریتانیا مجموعهی دو جزیرهی بریتانیا وایرلند است به اضافهی جزایر کوچک و ریز دیگری که شمارشان به چند هزار میرسد.
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🔊 Articles 🔊
🔴 The Indefinite Article
🔸 Uncountable nouns are nouns that are either difficult or impossible to count. Uncountable nouns include intangible things (e.g., information, air), liquids (e.g., milk, wine), and things that are too large or numerous to count (e.g., equipment, sand, wood). Because these things can’t be counted.
🔸 The indefinite article is only for singular nouns. Uncountable nouns can be modified by words like some, however.
🔔 Example 🔔
❌ Please give me a water.
🔺Water is an uncountable noun and should not be used with the indefinite article.
✅ Please give me some water.
〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️
🔸 However, if you describe the water in terms of countable units (like bottles), you can use the indefinite article.
🔔 Example 🔔
✅ Please give me a bottle of water.
❌ Please give me an ice.
✅ Please give me some ice.
🔺Note that depending on the context, some nouns can be countable or uncountable (e.g., hair, noise, time):
💭 We need a light in this room.
💭 We need some light in this room.
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Drive a hard bargain
سخت معامله بودن، اهل چانه زنی و مقاومت بودن، به آسانی معامله نکردن، خیلی چانه زدن، در معامله سخت گیری کردن، گذشت نشان ندادن
✨ Ex:
He drives a hard bargain, but we finally made a deal.
خیلی سخت چونه میزد،ولی بالاخره معامله رو انجام دادیم
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🔉 @EnglishBorough
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🆔 @sghenglish