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Idiom of the Day
six in one, (and) half a dozen in the other
The difference between these two options is negligible, irrelevant, or unimportant; either option is fine or will work as well as the other. Watch the video
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Learn English Through Football
Euro 2024: Football Language Phrase – Day 2: Lay Down a Marker
Today’s Euro 2024 phrase is ‘Lay Down a Marker‘ which was used to describe the match between Spain and Croatia. Learn what this phrase means by reading the post below. You can also check out our glossary of footballing phrases here and visit our site to access all our previous posts and podcasts. If you […]
The post Euro 2024: Football Language Phrase – Day 2: Lay Down a Marker appeared first on Learn English Through Football.
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Word of the Day
pustulate
Definition: (adjective) Blemished by imperfections of the skin.
Synonyms: acned, pimpled.
Usage: She tormented her brother about his pustulate complexion until she herself developed a severe case of acne.
Discuss
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Phrasal Verb of the Day | Vocabulary | EnglishClub
head off (1)
to leave a place
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me as an honest man, plus all of the specific, arcane minutiae he repeated lent credence to his account. So does this forum about the most painful wounds received during the Civil War. It consists of three pages of heart-wrenching accounts of men who were grievously wounded and survived, including those who had their jaws and, in some cases, tongue shot off, complete with photographs.
Also listening in to Syd's account was Bryan Brede, his 87-year-old long-term teacher colleague, who didn't bat an eye during the whole description. He must have hear it before. Selected readings
* "Texas German" (4/25/20)
* "Nest: a rare and perplexing surname" (4/15/24)
* "Respect the local pronunciation: runza and Henri" (6/13/24)
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Language Log
Mutable predicate-argument arrangements
The use of the verb positioned in this sentence, part of an article quoted in "'Dutch roll'", puzzled some commenters:
The aircraft remained on the ground in Oakland until Jun 6th 2024, then positioned to Everett,WA (USA), ATS facilities, and is still on the ground in Everett 6 days later.
But there are general processes in English morpho-syntax that validate the sentence as published.
To start with, there are various ways to verbify nouns. In particular, it's common to turn a noun denoting a place into a verb meaning "cause something to come to be in/on/at that place" — as in position N. → position V.
There's also the question of static vs. dynamic placement, which might have suggested "was re-positioned to Everett" rather than "was positioned to Everett" — but a Google search for {"then positioned to the"} demonstrates that the dynamic interpretation of position V. is entirely normal, especially in various technical domains.
Some speculated that this sentence might have been a typo for "was positioned to Everett" — but there's the causative/inchoative alternation involved in things like
(a) The pilot moved the plane to Gate 37.
(b) The plane moved to Gate 37.
Derivational morphology is quasi-regular, so new applications of these various processes tend to become normalized in particular fields, but then surprise outsiders. Which is what seems to have happened in this case…
Those who are interested in the grammatical issues involved are invited to read through these past posts:
"Diagnosing soup label syntax", 6/29/2006
"Another bit at 'eats like a meal'", 7/1/2006
"Open and closed", 3/28/2008
"The aggrieved passive voice", 3/16/2009
"A peeve for the ages", 1/13/2011
"On not allowing Bin Laden to back-burner", 5/3/2011
"Grilling, staging, and landing", 5/5/2011
"An unexpected verbing", 10/4/2012
"'It eats salty': middle voice on 'Top Chef'", 1/31/2016
"Mid-voice crisis: Beyond active and passive", 8/5/2017
"'Cooperate him'", 5/25/2024
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Slang of the Day | Vocabulary | EnglishClub
jollies
fun, thrills, enjoyment
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Idiom of the Day
it wouldn't do (someone) any harm (to do something)
It would or may be good, pragmatic, or beneficial for someone (to do something). Watch the video
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k.
The most valued Dutch roll is called in Dutch 'schoonrijden'. The other Dutch word 'zwieren' fits to skating with long strikes, but only on the outer edge of the blade.
The couple showes one of the techniques by skating behind eachother, righthand in righthand on the hips of the first skater (usually the woman/shortest). Other techniques for pairs are skating righthand in lefthand on shoulder level or left hand in lefthand on chest level (of the left skater) and righthand in righthand behind the hips (of the right skater).
This couple belongs to the ten best existing nowadays. They skated on the indoor icerink of Enschede in a championship organised by the local 'Twentse Schoonrijders' in cooperation with the Dutch Roll section LSV within the national skaters federation KNSB d.d. 25 november 2010.
And this video offers a detailed analysis (which they call a "simplified explanation") of the "dutch roll" in aviation, without mentioning ice skating:
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Word of the Day
Word of the Day: facade
This word has appeared in 350 articles on NYTimes.com in the past year. Can you use it in a sentence?
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Slang of the Day | Vocabulary | EnglishClub
peanuts
very little money
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Idiom of the Day
does (exactly) what it says on the tin
(Something) does precisely what it claims or is supposed to do. Primarily heard in UK, Ireland. Watch the video
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father, John J. Cozad, who founded it in 1873, when there was nothing else out here beside the Union Pacific Railroad and the Platte River.
The father was a fabulous gambler who was so good at faro (< pharaoh) that he could easily make a fortune in no time at all, so notoriously successful, in fact, that most gambling houses across the country would not let him play.
One of John J. Cozad's businesses was growing hay. The cattle of a neighboring rancher ruined some of John J.'s crop, leading to a heated conflict between the two men. I think this was in the days when there were no fences and practically no law. John J. took the rancher to court, which so outraged the rancher that he began to mercilessly beat John J., who whipped out his pistol in self defense, and shot the man, leading to his death. There are a lot more lurid details about what actually transpired, but they are beyond my remit for Language Log.
Suffice it to say for now that the Cozads soon left town, with the result that they changed their names. Robert Henry Cozad became Robert Henri. Since one of the places he studied art was in Paris, I assumed that he wanted his name to be pronounced à la française. When I heard the young guide (sophomore in college) at the Robert Henri Museum say "Robert" (as in English) and "henrye" [/ˈhɛnraɪ/]), this struck me as provincial. I mentioned this to her, and she said that many people from out of town told her the same thing.
It turns out that Robert Henri is well known in art history circles with the pronunciation of his name as "Robert Henrye" à l'anglaise, and that was his personal preference. He was a distant cousin of the renowned painter Mary Cassatt and studied at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (PAFA) in Philadelphia under Thomas Anshutz, a protege of Thomas Eakins, Together with John Sloan (1871–1951) and other like-minded individuals, Henri was a founder of the revolutionary Ashcan School and later became an influential teacher himself, with distinguished followers such as George Bellows, Arnold Franz Brasz, Stuart Davis, Edward Hopper, Rockwell Kent, Henry Ives Cobb, Jr., Lillian Cotton, Amy Londoner, John Sloan, Minerva Teichert, Peppino Mangravite, Rufus J. Dryer, Yasuo Kuniyoshi, and Mabel Killam Day. (source)
Aside from his extensive, well-catalogued oeuvre, Henri also wrote an influential treatise titled The Art Spirit (1923) that is still in use in some art schools today.
A final note: one of the first things I noticed upon seeing photographs and portraits of Robert Henri is that his eyes had epicanthal folds, a physical trait possessed by none of the other members of his family. Selected readings
* "Local toponymic pronunciations in northwestern Ohio and northern Indiana" (7/4/220
* "Southern Ohioisms" (9/23/17)
* "The many sights and sounds of 'Buchanan'" (8/26/21)
* "Dzwill" (11/3/15)
* "Must be something in the water" (6/16/21)
* "A confusion of languages and names" (7/8/16)
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Word of the Day
Word of the Day: boisterous
This word has appeared in 147 articles on NYTimes.com in the past year. Can you use it in a sentence?
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Slang of the Day | Vocabulary | EnglishClub
ape | apeshit
(in phrases go ape and go apeshit) wild excitement or great anger
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Language Log
Accent bias
"Why tackling accent bias matters at work: Wall Street banks and big City law firms among employers addressing potential discrimination" by Pilita Clark, Financial Times (7/16/24).
If the polls are to be believed, the UK parliament is going to look quite different after the July 4 general election. But there might also be a big change in the way it sounds.
The last election in 2019 produced a parliament dominated by Conservative party MPs and 69 per cent of them spoke RP, Received Pronunciation, or BBC English, the accent long deemed the most prestigious in the UK.
Among the Conservatives’ Labour party opponents, however, only 37 per cent spoke like this.
With some polls predicting a Labour landslide, the halls of Westminster could soon ring with very different sounds.
Yet one aspect of parliament will probably stay the same. If history is a guide, the new crop of MPs will still sound posher than the people who elected them, because less than 10 per cent of the British population speak RP.
Is this not partly the inevitable result of demographic change?
[Devyani Sharma] is one of the academics behind Accent Bias Britain, a research project set up in 2017 to examine accent discrimination in the workplace and she has some unexpectedly good news.
Employers may still judge the owner of a working class accent more harshly than an RP speaker but the project’s work suggests the impact fades once people are made aware of the problem.
More saliently, the number of top employers asking for accent bias training is increasing to the point that Sharma, who does corporate workshops based on the project’s research, is struggling to keep up with demand.
When I spoke to her, she had just done one session for a big Wall Street bank and another for a top City law firm — not her first. The civil service, consultancies and charities have also made requests, which have lately come in weekly.
To what degree, though, are these shifts in attitude also due to social activism, even on the part of the academics doing research on them?
The training tools Sharma and her colleagues have developed are not complicated. They show how we naturally make snap judgments about one another, and our respective social classes, as soon we hear someone speak.
The accent ratings are not what I would have expected:
Received Pronunciation is still by far the highest rated accent. French, Scottish, New Zealand and Australian accents all make it to the top 10, while Birmingham is rated lowest in a bottom 10 that includes African-Caribbean, Indian, Liverpool and Cockney accents.
French English is rated so much higher than Indian English?
Pointing out these findings appears to be the simplest way of countering biases that, as Sharma tells companies, can lead to smart people leaving or not being promoted to suitable jobs.
When it comes to hiring new employees, the research suggests it helps to simply tell recruiters and HR teams that there is evidence interviewers may rate RP-speakers more favourably than others, and to encourage them to focus on job applicants’ knowledge and skills.
These solutions seem simplistic to me. What really matters is how much one knows, how capable one is. Sometimes an exotic, distinctive accent adds a certain mystique to an individual's persona that is actually to their advantage. Do I need to name names?
Selected readings
* "Stigmatization of dialects" (9/25/17)
* "Eye-dialect in the newspapers" (5/7/08)
[Thanks to Mark Metcalf]
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Learn English Through Football
Euro 24 Football Language Phrase Day 1: Kickstart their campaign
We explain the term 'Kickstart their campaign' which was used to describe Germany's performance in the opening game of the 2024 European Championship.
The post Euro 24 Football Language Phrase Day 1: Kickstart their campaign appeared first on Learn English Through Football.
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Slang of the Day | Vocabulary | EnglishClub
hoops
the game of basketball
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Idiom of the Day
(it's) just as well (that) (something happened)
It is or turned out to be beneficial (that something happened). Watch the video
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Language Log
Corn bread palate
[Warning: graphic content. If you are squeamish about detailed descriptions of wounded, putrefying human flesh, and excruciating medical treatment without anesthesia, it would be best to avoid reading the ending portion of this post.]
I met a retired teacher here in Gothenburg, Nebraska. His name is Sydney Kite and he is 81 years old. I asked him how he got such an unusual surname, and he told me a long story about that, which I shall reduce to a few sentences.
Syd's ancestors were originally English, but to escape religious persecution for their heretical beliefs at the hands of Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658), they fled England and went to the area of Germany that we now refer to as Alsace-Lorraine. There, they underwent thorough Germanization.
Subsequently, by the latter part of the 18th century, they moved to the United States, At the time, they spelled their surname Windlekeit, but the immigration authorities shortened that to "Kite". Syd's son Bryan studied in the Lauder Institute of the Wharton School at UPenn in the early 90s, so I was aware of that surname. The Lauder Institute puts heavy emphasis on excellent language skills, and Bryan was advanced in Spanish, French, and Portuguese.
The Windlekeits, still calling themselves by that name, settled in eastern Tennessee in the area around Johnson City. I was gratified to find that surname with that exact spelling in this list of the "Families of Hawkins County Tennessee 1786-1994". Later they moved to Texas where, as is well known, there were many German-speaking towns established by settlers in the mid-19th century. In some of these towns and cities, such as Fredericksburg, German language influence is still strong.
By the time he moved to Gothenburg, Syd was completely Americanized, and — after receiving an education degree at Kearney College — he taught in Nevada schools. I was fortunate to meet him in the Gothenburg Historical Museum, where in his retirement he was serving as a volunteer. We had a long, leisurely talk about all sorts of things, but especially about language and communication after he found out that I was a professor of Chinese at Penn.
Speaking about how important language is for a person, Syd told me the harrowing, yet inspiring, story of his great great great great uncle, who was wounded on the battlefield in the Civil War. Those were hellish times for America, with deep animosity and division in that part of the country. Some people were Confederates, some supported the Union, right in the same town, even within the same family.
Syd's great great great great uncle was shot in the mouth, the musket ball destroying his palate. He lay dying for three days when two women who were scavenging the bodies noticed that he was alive. They cleaned out the wound with twigs and rags, removing the maggots that were crawling in it, then poured coal oil onto the lacerated flesh.
Not knowing what coil oil was, I could scarcely believe what Syd was saying, so I queried him twice on what coal oil means. After the second time, he said, "Like kerosine". Here are its medicinal uses:
Coal oil was once used as an internal and topical home remedy as a general cure-all for many ailments, including coughs, flu, cuts, abrasions, and wounds. Internal applications were administered by adding the toxic petroleum product to sugar cubes, molasses, honey or some other substance to mask the taste, while topical applications were applied by adding it to bandages or by pouring the coal oil directly on the affected area.
(Wikipedia)
Syd's gggg uncle lived to his 90s. But, to be able to speak, every morning he had to stuff corn bread into the hole where the intact palate had been. Mixed to the right consistency, it would have acted as a sort of dental putty.
Naturally, I was incredulous about all of this, but Syd struck [...]
Word of the Day
drollery
Definition: (noun) A quaint and amusing jest.
Synonyms: waggery.
Usage: We filed into the parlor for some entertainment from Uncle Jones, who was known for his drollery and excellent impersonation of Aunt Cecilia.
Discuss
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Phrasal Verb of the Day | Vocabulary | EnglishClub
die off
If a group of people, animals, or plants dies off, all of them die over a period of time and none are left.
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Learn English Through Football Podcast: Euro 2024 – Preview and Predictions
Читать полностью…
Language Log
"Dutch roll"
Simon Hradecky, "Accident: Southwest B38M enroute on May 25th 2024, Dutch Roll", The Aviation Herald 6/13/2024:
A Southwest Airlines Boeing 737-8 MAX, registration N8825Q performing flight WN-746 from Phoenix,AZ to Oakland,CA (USA) with 175 passengers and 6 crew, was enroute at FL320 when the aircraft experienced Dutch Roll. The crew was able to regain control and landed the aircraft on Oakland's runway 30 about 55 minutes later. The aircraft sustained substantial structural damage.
The FAA reported: "AIRCRAFT EXPERIENCED A DUTCH ROLL, REGAINED CONTROL AND POST FLIGHT INSPECTION REVEALED DAMAGE TO THE STANDBY PCU, OAKLAND, CA." and stated the aircraft sustained substantial damage, the occurrence was rated an accident.
The aircraft remained on the ground in Oakland until Jun 6th 2024, then positioned to Everett,WA (USA), ATS facilities, and is still on the ground in Everett 6 days later.
Dutch Roll is a coupled out of phase movement of the aircraft as result of weakened directional stability (provided by the vertical tail and rudder), in which the aircraft oscillates around its vertical as well as longitudinal axis (coupled yaw and roll).
The PCU is the power control unit, an actuator controlling the (vertical) rudder.
On Jun 13th 2024 The Aviation Herald learned that two ribs, that the stand by PCU is being mounted to, were damaged as well as the mounts of the stand by actuator. A temporary repair was done in Oakland replacing the damaged PCU, the aircraft was then ferried to Everett to replace the damaged ribs.
This being Language Log rather than Aviation Safety Log, I wondered what's Dutch about the "Dutch roll", and how the name originated? The Wikipedia article is helpful — at least to the extent of citing an analogy to ice skating terminology:
The origin of the name Dutch roll is uncertain. However, it is likely that this term, describing a lateral asymmetric motion of an airplane, was borrowed from a reference to similar-appearing motion in ice skating. In 1916, aeronautical engineer Jerome C. Hunsaker published: "Dutch roll – the third element in the [lateral] motion [of an airplane] is a yawing to the right and left, combined with rolling. The motion is oscillatory of period for 7 to 12 seconds, which may or may not be damped. The analogy to 'Dutch Roll' or 'Outer Edge' in ice skating is obvious." In 1916, Dutch Roll was the term used for skating repetitively to right and left (by analogy to the motion described for the aircraft) on the outer edge of one's skates. By 1916, the term had been imported from skating to aeronautical engineering, perhaps by Hunsaker himself. 1916 was only five years after G. H. Bryan did the first mathematical analysis of lateral motion of aircraft in 1911.
The article links to Hunsaker's 1916 paper, which doesn't help me much, since my (childhood) exposure to ice skating was entirely via trial-and-error on a local pond, with equally naive friends: http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/myl/HunsakerDutchRoll.png Here's a YouTube video illustrating (one version of) the Dutch Roll in skating:
The accompanying text is historically and culturally informative, but doesn't help me much with the aircraft analogy:
The original Dutch roll on ice skates. This classic style is meant for skating long tours over the frozen Dutch canals with little effort. It originates from Holland and (West-)Friesland and is well described by Claes Arisz Caescoper (1650-1729) from Zaandijk; next to the windmills of De Zaanse Schans, north of Amsterdam.
The Dutch roll can be performed single, as well as in pairs and groups. In pairs and groups special sticks can be used for support. Every strike with the special classic skates should make an 'S' form. Starting from the outer edge of the blade, changing to the inner edge. The body is to be kept straight and hanging over to replace the forward kic[...]
Word of the Day
conniption
Definition: (noun) A fit of violent emotion, such as anger or panic.
Synonyms: fit, tantrum, scene.
Usage: When he discovered that his soup was only lukewarm, he had a conniption and stormed out of the restaurant.
Discuss
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Phrasal Verb of the Day | Vocabulary | EnglishClub
go over (3)
to cause a reaction of some sort, especially from an audience
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Language Log
AI plagiarism again
Along with concerns about hallucinations and learned bias, there's increasing evidence that generative AI systems sometimes commit what would obviously be plagiarim if a human did it. One particularly striking example is discussed in a recent article by Randall Lane, editor of Forbes Magazine: "Why Perplexity’s Cynical Theft Represents Everything That Could Go Wrong With AI", 6/11/2024:
For most of this year, two of our best journalists, Sarah Emerson and Rich Nieva, have been reporting on former Google CEO Eric Schmidt’s secretive drone project, including a June 6 story detailing the company’s ongoing testing in Silicon Valley suburb Menlo Park as well as the frontlines of Ukraine. The next day, Perplexity published its own “story,” utilizing a new tool they’ve developed that was extremely similar to Forbes’ proprietary article. Not just summarizing (lots of people do that), but with eerily similar wording, some entirely lifted fragments — and even an illustration from one of Forbes’ previous stories on Schmidt. More egregiously, the post, which looked and read like a piece of journalism, didn’t mention Forbes at all, other than a line at the bottom of every few paragraphs that mentioned “sources,” and a very small icon that looked to be the “F” from the Forbes logo – if you squinted. It also gave similar weight to a “second source” — which was just a summary of the Forbes story from another publication.
I haven't found a systematic comparison between the Forbes stories and the Perplexity version. But if Lane's description is accurate, and if Perplexity were a human, it could be in serious trouble, although the criteria are fuzzy at best. And presumably Perplexity-the-company might also get in legal trouble over behavior like this, though it's not clear to me whether the consequences would be serious enough for them to care. The NYT sued OpenAI last December ("AI plagiarism", 1/4/2024), claiming “billions of dollars in statutory and actual damages”. Perhaps someone can point us to what's happening in that case, or evaluate what's likely to happen.
Some other news coverage:
"New report: 60% of OpenAI model's responses contain plagiarism", Axios 2/22/2024
"AI startup Perplexity accused of ‘directly ripping off’ news outlets like Forbes, CNBC without proper credit", New York Post 6/10/2024
"Perplexity’s Plagiarism Problem", Forbes 6/11/2024
"Perplexity was planning revenue-sharing deals with publishers when it came under media fire", Semafor 6/12/2024
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Language Log
Respect the local pronunciation: runza and Henri
After I left Omaha and headed westward on Route 30 / Lincoln Highway, I began to notice that every little town along the way with a population of around three thousand or more had a restaurant called Runza. My instinct was to pronounce that "roon-zuh", but the people around here say "run-zuh".
Because I was not familiar with them, at first I didn't pay much attention to the Runza restaurants, but then I saw a sign that said they made legendary burgers. Since I'm a burger freak, always in quest of a superior hamburger, by the time I reached Cozad — which somehow has captured my heart, for more than one reason — I decided to stop in and try one.
Wow! What I found out is that "runza" is the name of the signature sandwich that they serve:
A runza (also called a bierock, krautburger, or kraut pirok) is a yeast dough bread pocket with a filling consisting of beef, cabbage or sauerkraut, onions, and seasonings. Runzas can be baked into various shapes such as a half-moon, a rectangle, a round (bun), a square, or a triangle. The runzas sold by the Runza restaurant chain are rectangular while many of the bierocks sold in Kansas are round buns.
The runza is a regional cuisine of Nebraska, with some commentators calling it "as Nebraskan as Cornhusker football."[
(source)
Since the chain will freeze and ship them anywhere, if you're not planning on coming to the middle of the continent anytime soon, I'd recommend that you order a dozen and give 'em a try.
More on the history of this wonderful sandwich and the etymology of its name:
The runza sandwich originated from the pirog, an Eastern European baked good or more specifically from its small version, known as pirozhok (literally "little pirog"). In the 18th century, Volga Germans (ethnic Germans who settled in the Volga River valley in the Russian Empire at the invitation of Catherine the Great because of their skill in farming), adapted the pirog /pirozhok to create the bierock, a yeast pastry sandwich with similar savory ingredients. When the political climate turned against the Volga Germans as part of Russification including the threat of conscription into the Russian army, many emigrated to the United States, creating communities across the Great Plains. These immigrants, including the Brening family that settled near Sutton, Nebraska, brought their bierock recipes with them. Sarah "Sally" Everett (née Brening), originally of Sutton, is credited with adapting her family's bierock recipe into the runza and also inventing the name for the sandwich. In 1949, Everett went into business selling runzas with her brother Alex in Lincoln, founding the Runza restaurant chain.
Many sources agree that Sally Everett invented the name "runza" although it is likely she adapted it from an existing name for the sandwich; either the krautrunz, an older, different German name for the bierock, or the Low German runsa, meaning "belly", alluding to the gently rounded shape of the pouch pastry. The modern German ranzen, also meaning satchel, derives from runsa. The word "runza" is registered as a trademark in the United States, held by the Runza restaurant chain.
(source)
The Runza restaurants also have the best, crunchiest, crinkliest french fries I have ever bit into and the crispiest, savoriest, juciest, sweetest double dipped onion rings I have ever tasted.
Runza was not the only reason I decided to stay an extra day in this charming town that lies smack dab on the 100th meridian, where the Great Plains begin. Another reason is because it is the hometown of Robert Henri (1865-1929), famous American painter and art teacher. Robert Henri was born Robert Henry Cozad, and the town is named after his[...]
Word of the Day
fulsome
Definition: (adjective) Unpleasantly and excessively suave or ingratiating in manner or speech.
Synonyms: unctuous, buttery, oleaginous, smarmy, oily.
Usage: His introduction contained such fulsome flattery that I began to wonder whether anything else he said could be trusted.
Discuss
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Phrasal Verb of the Day | Vocabulary | EnglishClub
turn off
to stop a machine or an appliance from working by using a button or a switch
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