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Telegram-канал engskills - Advanced English Skills

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Advanced English Skills

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Advanced English Skills

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Advanced English Skills

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Advanced English Skills

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Advanced English Skills

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Advanced English Skills

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Advanced English Skills

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Advanced English Skills

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Advanced English Skills

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Advanced English Skills

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[...]

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Advanced English Skills

Language Log
Transcription conventions

From Lane Greene on bluesky:

This is an unusual transcript (of Harris/Walz by CNN), filled with "gonna", "wearin'", "I'll tell ya", "pulling outta the race".
These things are ubiquitous in speech, but most transcribers would change these to "going to", "wearing", "I'll tell you", "out of".
edition.cnn.com/2024/08/29/p… [image or embed]

— Lane Greene (@lanegreene.bsky.social) Aug 30, 2024 at 7:06 AM
[Here's an image if the embedding doesn't work for you…]
The cited CNN page is a transcript of the whole interview, not subtitles for the video version.

And I agree with Lane that the page's transcription conventions are unusual — when I compare other CNN transcripts, I find the conventional conventions, where e.g. "going to" is spelled "going to" even if the pronunciation is closer to "gonna".

In 4,718 words of the Bash/Harris/Walz transcript on CNN's website, there are 16 instances of "gonna" and 0 of "going to". That would be a plausible choice for representing how people talk these days, just as "can't" is plausible in place of "can not" — but formal transcription conventions these days prescribe "going to".

And in contrast, there are 7 instances of "want to", and none of "wanna", even though "want to" is usually (and invariably, here) pronounced as "wanna", in the same way that "going to" is pronounced "gonna". Here's the first of the 7 examples — "But I wonder what you say to voters who do want to go back":

Your browser does not support the audio element.

And zeroing in a bit further, on the words "do want to (=wanna) go back", with "wanna" outlined in red:

Your browser does not support the audio element. http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/myl/HarrisWalzCNN1X1a.png Whatever the reason for the choices, they're applied in the same way to everyone in the interview. 13 of the 16 instances of "gonna" are in the speech of Harris or Walz, while 3 are due to Dana Bash. All 7 instances of "want to" are attributed to Dana Bash, as are both instances of "outta".

There's one instance of "wearin'" (attributed to Walz), and none of "wearing".

Only one word (sequence) is variably transcribed: there's 1 instance of "tell ya" (due to Harris), and 5 instances of "tell you" (3 attributed to Harris, 1 to Walz, and 1 to Bash).

If you want to look into things further, there doesn't seem to be full audio on the CNN site, but YouTube presents the interview in three parts: Part 1, Part 2, Part 3.

The YouTube transcript for Part 1 is very weird and not at all the same as the CNN page — it starts this way: http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/myl/BashHarrisWalzYouTubeTranscript1.png The YouTube transcript for Part 2 is less weird, but the lines are mostly truncated: http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/myl/BashHarrisWalzYouTubeTranscript2.png And the YouTube page for Part 3 has no transcript at all.

For another recent transcription weirdness, see "Putin: 'pollutant'? 'pooch and'?"

Some older relevant posts:

"The history of gonna", 5/9/2010
"True Grit isn't true", 12/29/2010
"Ask Language Log: Writing 'gonna' or 'going to'", 6/25/2011

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Advanced English Skills

Language Log
Writing with AI

It's been clear for a while that "large language models" can be prompted to fulfill writing assignments, and that LLM detection doesn't work, and that "watermarking" won't come to the rescue. There's lots of on-going published discussion, and even more discussion in real life.

As documented by the MLA-CCCC Joint Task Force on Writing and AI, the conclusion seems to be a combination of bringing AI explicitly into the class, and designing some assignments where students need to function without it.

In one recent example, Joe Moxley has posted the syllabus for his course "Writing with Artificial Intelligence – Syllabus (ENC 3370)".
As I suggested in "LLMs in education: the historical view" (5/1/2023), education will survive the introduction of AI, just as it survived the introduction of writing, despite Plato's skepticism. But maybe oral rhetoric would be a useful alternative to hand-written essays, as an AI-free (or at least AI-reduced) dimension of evaluation (and target of instruction)?

See the discussion at the end of "The LLM-detection boom" (7/7/2023), copied below [image from Ethan Mollick's "The Homework Apocalypse", 7/1/2023]:

https://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/myl/EssayTornado.webp

In 1999, Wendy Steiner and I taught an experimental undergraduate course on "Human Nature".

Both of us were skeptical of essay-question exams, mostly due lack of trust in our own subjective evaluations. So we decided to experiment with an in-person oral midterm. But as I recall, there were about 80 students in the class — so how to do it?

We circulated in advance a list of a dozen or so sample questions, explaining that the actual questions would be similar to those.

And we scheduled 16 (?) one-hour sessions, each involving five students and both instructors sitting around a small seminar table.  We went around the table, asking a question of each student in turn, and following up with redirections or additional questions as appropriate,. We limited each such interaction to 10 minutes, and before going on to the next student, we asked the group for (optional, brief) comments or additions. We both took notes on the process.

This took the equivalent of two full 8-hour days — spread over a week, as I recall — but it went smoothly, and was successful in the sense that our separately-assigned grades were almost exactly in agreement.

There are obvious problems with grades based on this kind of oral Q&A, just as there are problems with evaluating in-class essays, take-home exams, and term papers. And I've never repeated the experiment. But maybe I should.

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Advanced English Skills

Slang of the Day | Vocabulary | EnglishClub
kickback

a payment made, often secretly or illegally, to someone who has helped to arrange a deal or a job

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Advanced English Skills

Idiom of the Day
a legend in (one's) own lifetime

A person who has an extraordinary level of fame or reputation while he or she is still alive. Watch the video

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Advanced English Skills

Language Log
The Old Turkic origins of the Tang Dynasty

Sino-Platonic Papers is pleased to announce the publication of its three-hundred-and-fifty-sixth issue:  “The Tang as a Tuoba Dynasty” (pdf) by Sanping Chen.

ABSTRACT

By examining the record of a local anti-Tibetan rebellion in document scroll S.1438 from the Dunhuang “library cave,” this discussion demonstrates that the nomadic Tuoba origin of the Tang royal house was known not only to the ancient Turkic people, as shown by their name for the Tang, Tabγač, but also to the Tang subjects themselves. In addition to substantiating Paul Pelliot’s old assertion that the Old Turkic name Tabγač came from the name Tuoba, this work argues that the Tang dynasty was in many aspects indeed the continuation of its Tuoba predecessors.
All issues of Sino-Platonic Papers are available in full for no charge.

To view our catalog, visit http://www.sino-platonic.org/

This paper is heavily focused on language, philology, and manuscript studies.

Key words

Paul Demiéville; Paul Pelliot; Friedrich Hirth; Rong Xinjiang; Gerard Clauson; Xiongnu; Tibet; India; Tuoba; Tabγač; Dunhuang manuscripts; An-Shi Rebellion 安史之亂 (755–763); Silk Road; literary genres; political and economic history; Tangut; Qiang; Tuyuhan; Uyghurs; Sogdian; Iranian; Buddhism; Orkhon inscriptions; Maḥmūd al-Kāšγarī’s Compendium of the Turkic Dialects (Dīwān lugāt at-Turk); metathesis; fanqie; the “literati prism” of written sources; “Iranization of Chinese nomenclature”; civil service examination system; birthday celebration
Selected readings

* "Tuoba and Xianbei: Turkic and Mongolic elements of the medieval and contemporary Sinitic states" (5/16/22)
* "Tuoba and Xianbei, part 2" (8/15/22)
* "Tuoba" (Wikipedia)

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Advanced English Skills

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Advanced English Skills

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Advanced English Skills

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Advanced English Skills

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Advanced English Skills

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Advanced English Skills

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Advanced English Skills

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Advanced English Skills

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Advanced English Skills

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Advanced English Skills

Language Log
Japan's favorite aphorism about eggplants

"Japan’s autumn eggplant: Too delicious for your daughter-in-law"
By Elizabeth Andoh, The Japan Times (Sep 1, 2024)

Cooked properly, nothing beats an eggplant for succulence, softness, and savoriness.  It's so good that you almost want to keep it for yourself.

In Japan, eggplants reach their peak of flavor during a period of time known as zansho (literally "lingering heat"), the equivalent of mid-August through late September. Such aki nasu, or autumn eggplants, are especially tasty. And, because eggplant is thought to cool the body (probably due to an unusually high concentration of minerals and phytonutrients in late-harvest fruit), dishes made with them are particularly inviting on days when heat and humidity sap the appetite.

Most varieties of Japanese eggplants boast tender, deeply purple skins and juicy, pale yellow-green flesh. They are all nearly seedless, and some varieties, such as Kamo nasu grown around Kyoto, are bulbous and squat. Others, such as Hakata nasu grown in Kyushu, are long and slender. All true Japanese varieties have a dark calyx, not a green one. Most people think of eggplant and other members of the nightshade family such as tomatoes as vegetables because of their savory taste — botanically, however, they are fruit.
The Japanese have a fondness for kotowaza (aphorisms) that embody tidbits of folk wisdom. Many kotowaza use food as a seasonal point of reference, and the best-known kotowaza concerning eggplants goes: “Aki nasu wa yome ni kuwasu na” ("Never serve autumn eggplants to a daughter-in-law”).

Most Japanese will tell you that the phrase means autumn eggplants are so delicious that young brides don’t deserve them. If you are unfamiliar with Japanese humor regarding in-laws, you should know that jokes are usually directed at the husband’s mother, instead of to the detriment of the wife’s mother, which is the typical pattern in many Western countries. In Japan, daytime talk show hosts will commiserate with young brides who are bridled with spiteful shūtome (mothers-in-law).

Here, aki nasu are such a prize that it’s mother-in-laws being reminded that their delicate flavors should be saved and savored all for themselves.
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Advanced English Skills

Language Log
Putin: "pollutant"? "pooch and"?

The transcriptions on YouTube are generally pretty good these days, but sometimes the results are weird.

A notable recent example is the transcription of Donald Trump's 8/31/2024 Fox interview with Mark Levin, where the system renders "Putin" first as "pollutant" and then as "pooch and".

http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/myl/TrumpLevinPutinPollutant0.png
The relevant audio clip, with my transcription:

Your browser does not support the audio element.

You didn't have
Iran saying they're going to blow up Israel.
And you didn't have
Putin saying he's going into Ukraine. That would've never happened.
Putin going into Ukraine would've never happened.

What the (automated?) YouTube transcript has:

http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/myl/TrumpLevinPutinPollutant.png

In addition to the weird renderings of "Putin", the substitution of "never would've" for "would've never" is odd.

It's not clear to me whether it's Google or Fox that was responsible for automated transcript/subtitling of this interview…

Or maybe human subtitling was outsourced to some Ukrainians?

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Advanced English Skills

Phrasal Verb of the Day | Vocabulary | EnglishClub
use up

If you use up something, you use all of it and have none left over.
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Advanced English Skills

Word of the Day
fractious

Definition: (adjective) Stubbornly resistant to authority or control.
Synonyms: recalcitrant, refractory.
Usage: The young horse was a fractious animal that would not submit to the harness; no one could ride her.
Discuss

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Advanced English Skills

Language Log
"Teacher voice"

Now I read
that J D Vance said he was
"really disturbed"
by teachers
who don't have
biological children.
Well for a long time
Tim and I were teachers
who struggled with infertility.
And we were only able to start a family
because of fertility treatments.
So this is really personal.
we do not take kindly to folks
like J D Vance telling us
when
or how
to start our family.
So let me use my Teacher Voice.
English teachers, you know what these
((babies are for)).
Mister Vance,
how about you mind your own business?
Searches of YouTube and Google Scholar demonstrate that "Teacher Voice" is definitely a thing, though I don't think that the definitive sociophonetic analysis has yet been done — not to speak of the attitudinal, syntactical, lexical, gestural, postural, sartorial, and optometrical aspects.

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