35152
#ielts #toefl #gre #english_vocabulary #english
Language Log
Comparative scriptural interpretation of the midrashim and the Analects
Sino-Platonic Papers is pleased to announce the publication of its three-hundred-and-forty-ninth issue:
"Reading Genesis 22 and Analects 18 in Late Antiquity," by Benjamin Porteous.
https://sino-platonic.org/complete/spp349_genesis_confucian_analects.pdf
ABSTRACT
This paper compares modes of scriptural interpretation from two ends of the Eurasian landmass in the late antique period (400–600 CE). Juxtaposing midrashim on Genesis with the Lunyi yishu 論語義疏, a famous expository commentary on the Confucian Analects, the paper argues that the difference between late-antique Confucian and Jewish commentarial practice lies in differing senses of responsibility for the sacred text. The Lunyu yishu curates the full Analects text, while midrashim presuppose a reader who turns elsewhere for the full version of the Hebrew Bible. The paper provides full typologies of commentarial technique in the midrashim and the Lunyu yishu; this is designed to assist comparison and further understanding of the practice of medieval Chinese commentary.
Keywords: Commentary, shu 疏, Analects, Lunyu yishu, midrash
—–
All issues of Sino-Platonic Papers are available in full for no charge.
To view our catalog, visit http://www.sino-platonic.org/
Selected readings
* "Latin oration at Harvard" (5/9/24)
* "Oldest manuscript of the Confucian Analects discovered in Japan" (10/2/20)
* "'(Political) party' in the Analects" (1/28/21)
* "Confucius didn't mean that" (10/23/21)
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Word of the Day
Word of the Day: interminable
This word has appeared in 41 articles on NYTimes.com in the past year. Can you use it in a sentence?
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Slang of the Day | Vocabulary | EnglishClub
airhead
a silly, stupid person
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on. There just isn’t enough stone left, nor are there any other examples out in the world for cross-referencing. So, the team needs to feed the AI model other known languages from the geographic areas it may be from, such as Kawi and Pali, which may or may not be related to the script of the Singapore Stone but can be used as reference points. It’s a lot of data points.
Read-y Grammarian, the AI tool at the heart of this project, is a “prediction machine” developed by Colin Loh, a former engineer and mathematician. The algorithm has been further refined by Dr. Perono Cacciafoco’s colleagues. To simplify the science here, it analyzes various parameters, including the shape, size, and width of the extant characters, the degree of erosion on the stone’s surface, and the length and position of repeated symbol clusters. By comparing these features with well-known writing systems, the AI tool generates possible lines of missing text, which can then be further analyzed for frequency and pattern recognition.
“This process is what Philologists do ‘by hand’ with ancient manuscripts, trying to fill the gaps in text based on the contents of a work and on the lines and writing,” Dr. Perono Cacciafoco said. “The ‘machine’ can produce a mountain of mistakes and negative results, and no text is ‘final’, but its ‘products’ are unbiased and based only on data. This is fundamental in an exercise in Crypto-linguistics like the one we are performing. We cannot allow our own ideas and postulations on the script of the Stone to compromise our analysis.”
Using high-definition 3D scans of the fragments and the drawn images of the stone, they built a digital model that the AI will use to “learn.” As it moves through the process of deciphering, each read of the stone’s text will hopefully improve its ability to make predictions as to what fits where. With a reasonable reconstruction in hand, the team can begin to try to decipher what the symbols mean.
…
Under such circumstances, in order for a decipherment to be successful, researchers must have at least some clue linking it to a known language.
One of the most significant hurdles in deciphering the Singapore Stone is the “unknown writing system” and “unknown language” dichotomy. This combination is a nightmare for crypto linguists, as it provides no phonetic or linguistic clues. However, history has shown that human ingenuity can prevail in such situations. The decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs by Jean-François Champollion and Linear B by Michael Ventris are prime examples of breakthroughs achieved through a combination of genius and fortunate discoveries.
Dr. Perono Cacciafoco’s team hopes for a similar “lucky match”—a recognizable name or phrase that could provide a key to unlocking the script. This could be the name of a king, a deity, or a place, which, once identified, could help decode other parts of the text. This creates a sort of rainfall moment, and suddenly, that one match leads to other matches, and a cascade occurs. This assumes the symbols on the stone aren’t completely unique.
…
AI is under scrutiny. Does it have any sense of values or of what's good and bad? Or does it simply attempt to solve problems with the data it has mastered? In the case of deciphering an unknown language like that on the Singapore Stone, will it cheat and claim it has done so when it really has not? Will it admit defeat and say, "This is beyond me. I cannot read this unless you give me more information." Selected readings
* "Unknown language #18" (6/3/24)
* "(Linear) A/B testing" (5/18/19)
[Thanks to Don Keyser]
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Idiom of the Day
six in one, (and) half a dozen in the other
The difference between these two options is negligible, irrelevant, or unimportant; either option is fine or will work as well as the other. Watch the video
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Learn English Through Football
Euro 2024: Football Language Phrase – Day 2: Lay Down a Marker
Today’s Euro 2024 phrase is ‘Lay Down a Marker‘ which was used to describe the match between Spain and Croatia. Learn what this phrase means by reading the post below. You can also check out our glossary of footballing phrases here and visit our site to access all our previous posts and podcasts. If you […]
The post Euro 2024: Football Language Phrase – Day 2: Lay Down a Marker appeared first on Learn English Through Football.
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Word of the Day
pustulate
Definition: (adjective) Blemished by imperfections of the skin.
Synonyms: acned, pimpled.
Usage: She tormented her brother about his pustulate complexion until she herself developed a severe case of acne.
Discuss
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Phrasal Verb of the Day | Vocabulary | EnglishClub
head off (1)
to leave a place
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me as an honest man, plus all of the specific, arcane minutiae he repeated lent credence to his account. So does this forum about the most painful wounds received during the Civil War. It consists of three pages of heart-wrenching accounts of men who were grievously wounded and survived, including those who had their jaws and, in some cases, tongue shot off, complete with photographs.
Also listening in to Syd's account was Bryan Brede, his 87-year-old long-term teacher colleague, who didn't bat an eye during the whole description. He must have hear it before. Selected readings
* "Texas German" (4/25/20)
* "Nest: a rare and perplexing surname" (4/15/24)
* "Respect the local pronunciation: runza and Henri" (6/13/24)
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Language Log
Mutable predicate-argument arrangements
The use of the verb positioned in this sentence, part of an article quoted in "'Dutch roll'", puzzled some commenters:
The aircraft remained on the ground in Oakland until Jun 6th 2024, then positioned to Everett,WA (USA), ATS facilities, and is still on the ground in Everett 6 days later.
But there are general processes in English morpho-syntax that validate the sentence as published.
To start with, there are various ways to verbify nouns. In particular, it's common to turn a noun denoting a place into a verb meaning "cause something to come to be in/on/at that place" — as in position N. → position V.
There's also the question of static vs. dynamic placement, which might have suggested "was re-positioned to Everett" rather than "was positioned to Everett" — but a Google search for {"then positioned to the"} demonstrates that the dynamic interpretation of position V. is entirely normal, especially in various technical domains.
Some speculated that this sentence might have been a typo for "was positioned to Everett" — but there's the causative/inchoative alternation involved in things like
(a) The pilot moved the plane to Gate 37.
(b) The plane moved to Gate 37.
Derivational morphology is quasi-regular, so new applications of these various processes tend to become normalized in particular fields, but then surprise outsiders. Which is what seems to have happened in this case…
Those who are interested in the grammatical issues involved are invited to read through these past posts:
"Diagnosing soup label syntax", 6/29/2006
"Another bit at 'eats like a meal'", 7/1/2006
"Open and closed", 3/28/2008
"The aggrieved passive voice", 3/16/2009
"A peeve for the ages", 1/13/2011
"On not allowing Bin Laden to back-burner", 5/3/2011
"Grilling, staging, and landing", 5/5/2011
"An unexpected verbing", 10/4/2012
"'It eats salty': middle voice on 'Top Chef'", 1/31/2016
"Mid-voice crisis: Beyond active and passive", 8/5/2017
"'Cooperate him'", 5/25/2024
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Slang of the Day | Vocabulary | EnglishClub
jollies
fun, thrills, enjoyment
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Idiom of the Day
it wouldn't do (someone) any harm (to do something)
It would or may be good, pragmatic, or beneficial for someone (to do something). Watch the video
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k.
The most valued Dutch roll is called in Dutch 'schoonrijden'. The other Dutch word 'zwieren' fits to skating with long strikes, but only on the outer edge of the blade.
The couple showes one of the techniques by skating behind eachother, righthand in righthand on the hips of the first skater (usually the woman/shortest). Other techniques for pairs are skating righthand in lefthand on shoulder level or left hand in lefthand on chest level (of the left skater) and righthand in righthand behind the hips (of the right skater).
This couple belongs to the ten best existing nowadays. They skated on the indoor icerink of Enschede in a championship organised by the local 'Twentse Schoonrijders' in cooperation with the Dutch Roll section LSV within the national skaters federation KNSB d.d. 25 november 2010.
And this video offers a detailed analysis (which they call a "simplified explanation") of the "dutch roll" in aviation, without mentioning ice skating:
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Word of the Day
Word of the Day: facade
This word has appeared in 350 articles on NYTimes.com in the past year. Can you use it in a sentence?
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Slang of the Day | Vocabulary | EnglishClub
peanuts
very little money
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Language Log
Rome Pride
The LLOG post on "Frociaggine" (6/8/2024) quoted the two glosses for frocio in Wiktionary:
1. (vulgar, derogatory, outgroup) gay man, poof, faggot
2. (friendly, ingroup) homosexual person, especially a gay man
The "friendly, ingroup" version may be reinforced by last weekend's Il Roma Pride http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/myl/RomePride1.png — Emma Bubola, "Italians Respond to Pope’s Slur by Taking Francis to Pride", NYT 6/16/2024:
At Saturday’s celebration in Rome, Pope Francis’ image was on cardboard cutouts adorned with flower necklaces. People came dressed as the pope, wore papal hats and said that there was never too much “gayness.”
At Rome’s Pride celebration, bare-chested men in pink angel wings danced to Abba songs, women wrapped in rainbow flags kissed, and shimmering drag queens waved from parade floats. And then there was Pope Francis.
The pontiff’s image was everywhere. On cardboard cutouts adorned with flower necklaces, on glittery banners, on stickers. Romans came to the Pride parade on Saturday dressed like Francis, wearing papal hats and T-shirts that read, “There is never too much frociaggine,” a reference to an offensive slur against gay men that the pope has been accused of using twice in recent weeks.
The slur “is the slogan of the 2024 Pride,” said Martina Lorina, 28, an actress who was holding up a banner bearing the word.
Clearly Ms. Lorina was not the only one:
http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/myl/RomePride2.jpeg
Will parading the linguistic reappropriation of frociaggine spread some positive valence to the root word frocio, maybe even promoting it to first place, as has happened with the Wiktionary entry for English gay? It's hard to predict the lexicographical future, but that direction seems plausible, whatever happens in the Vatican…
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Word of the Day
apportionment
Definition: (noun) The act of distributing by allotting or apportioning; distribution according to a plan.
Synonyms: parceling, assignation, allocation, allotment.
Usage: The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives is based on the relative population of each state.
Discuss
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Phrasal Verb of the Day | Vocabulary | EnglishClub
keep to
If you keep to something like a limit, a budget or a schedule, you don't go over it or outside it.
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Language Log
Unknown language #19
Inscribed sandstone known as the "Singapore Stone", Singapore, 10th–14th century: http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/~bgzimmer/singaporestone.jpg Collection of the National Museum of Singapore
(Source; also includes an animated photo that can be rotated 360º in any direction and enlarged or reduced to any size)
"The Language On This 1,000 Year Old Stone is a “Glyph Breaker’s Nightmare.” Scientists Want to Use AI to Crack It", MJ Banias, The Debrief (6/14/24)
For centuries, the Singapore Stone has stood as one of Southeast Asia’s most enigmatic artifacts. Discovered in 1819 at the mouth of the Singapore River, this sandstone slab, inscribed with an unknown script, has baffled historians and linguists alike. Dubbed a “glyph breaker’s nightmare,” researchers are turning to artificial intelligence to unlock the secrets of this ancient relic. The Singapore Stone, originally a large boulder, was partially destroyed by the British in 1843 for use in building a stone fort. The remaining fragment, now housed in the National Museum of Singapore, bears an inscription in a script that has yet to be deciphered. Scholars have speculated that the stone dates back to between the 10th and 14th centuries, possibly linked to the Majapahit empire or a South Indian rajah. Despite various efforts, the script remains a mystery, with no known parallels in other historical records.
…
“To decipher an undeciphered writing system (as well as to crack a cipher we do not have the key for), the essential requirement is to have enough text available. The Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphs were deciphered because Champollion was a genius, but also because they were everywhere in Egypt. Same for the Cuneiform writing system and Henry Rawlinson and Edward Hincks,” Dr Francesco Perono Cacciafoco, the lead researcher on this project told The Debrief.
“With the Singapore Stone, we have just a small fragment, plus the reproductions of two other (for now) lost fragments, plus some reproductions of the whole slab, before it was blown up, with not very clear characters and entire sections missing because of erosion. Therefore, the amount we have is very little. Moreover, its text/script is unique and never found anywhere else in the world.”
In 1837, several years before the British blew the stone up, it was hand-drawn by the politician William Bland and philologist James Prinsep. Later, Sir Stamford Raffles, the British East India Company’s administrator and the “founder” of Singapore, attempted to decode it. However, when it was blown up, only three recovered fragments were graphically reproduced before being sent to India.
After the stone and its fragments languished for several centuries in a museum collection, Cacciafoco and his team are now trying to leverage the power of AI to unravel the mysterious script.
“Our work is mainly aimed, for now, at a digital restitution and/or recovery of the full text of the Stone (a possibly reasonable version of it), to have a consistent starting point for frequency analyses, comparisons, and pattern recognitions,” Perono Cacciafoco explained. Their project, based at Nanyang Technological University and now continuing at Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University in China, employs an AI tool named Read-y Grammarian. This tool is designed to analyze the stone’s text using advanced computational methods, including computer vision, artificial neural networks, and deep learning.
Perono Cacciafoco’s team knows, however, that this is not a simple task. You can’t just ask AI to decode the text. The sheer volume of data that needs to be processed is immense. The original stone, when intact, measured approximately 3 meters by 3 meters and contained 50 to 52 lines of text. However, the fragments and reproductions of the stone are insufficient for comprehensive frequency analyses and pattern recogniti[...]
Language Log
Accent bias
"Why tackling accent bias matters at work: Wall Street banks and big City law firms among employers addressing potential discrimination" by Pilita Clark, Financial Times (7/16/24).
If the polls are to be believed, the UK parliament is going to look quite different after the July 4 general election. But there might also be a big change in the way it sounds.
The last election in 2019 produced a parliament dominated by Conservative party MPs and 69 per cent of them spoke RP, Received Pronunciation, or BBC English, the accent long deemed the most prestigious in the UK.
Among the Conservatives’ Labour party opponents, however, only 37 per cent spoke like this.
With some polls predicting a Labour landslide, the halls of Westminster could soon ring with very different sounds.
Yet one aspect of parliament will probably stay the same. If history is a guide, the new crop of MPs will still sound posher than the people who elected them, because less than 10 per cent of the British population speak RP.
Is this not partly the inevitable result of demographic change?
[Devyani Sharma] is one of the academics behind Accent Bias Britain, a research project set up in 2017 to examine accent discrimination in the workplace and she has some unexpectedly good news.
Employers may still judge the owner of a working class accent more harshly than an RP speaker but the project’s work suggests the impact fades once people are made aware of the problem.
More saliently, the number of top employers asking for accent bias training is increasing to the point that Sharma, who does corporate workshops based on the project’s research, is struggling to keep up with demand.
When I spoke to her, she had just done one session for a big Wall Street bank and another for a top City law firm — not her first. The civil service, consultancies and charities have also made requests, which have lately come in weekly.
To what degree, though, are these shifts in attitude also due to social activism, even on the part of the academics doing research on them?
The training tools Sharma and her colleagues have developed are not complicated. They show how we naturally make snap judgments about one another, and our respective social classes, as soon we hear someone speak.
The accent ratings are not what I would have expected:
Received Pronunciation is still by far the highest rated accent. French, Scottish, New Zealand and Australian accents all make it to the top 10, while Birmingham is rated lowest in a bottom 10 that includes African-Caribbean, Indian, Liverpool and Cockney accents.
French English is rated so much higher than Indian English?
Pointing out these findings appears to be the simplest way of countering biases that, as Sharma tells companies, can lead to smart people leaving or not being promoted to suitable jobs.
When it comes to hiring new employees, the research suggests it helps to simply tell recruiters and HR teams that there is evidence interviewers may rate RP-speakers more favourably than others, and to encourage them to focus on job applicants’ knowledge and skills.
These solutions seem simplistic to me. What really matters is how much one knows, how capable one is. Sometimes an exotic, distinctive accent adds a certain mystique to an individual's persona that is actually to their advantage. Do I need to name names?
Selected readings
* "Stigmatization of dialects" (9/25/17)
* "Eye-dialect in the newspapers" (5/7/08)
[Thanks to Mark Metcalf]
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Learn English Through Football
Euro 24 Football Language Phrase Day 1: Kickstart their campaign
We explain the term 'Kickstart their campaign' which was used to describe Germany's performance in the opening game of the 2024 European Championship.
The post Euro 24 Football Language Phrase Day 1: Kickstart their campaign appeared first on Learn English Through Football.
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Slang of the Day | Vocabulary | EnglishClub
hoops
the game of basketball
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Idiom of the Day
(it's) just as well (that) (something happened)
It is or turned out to be beneficial (that something happened). Watch the video
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Language Log
Corn bread palate
[Warning: graphic content. If you are squeamish about detailed descriptions of wounded, putrefying human flesh, and excruciating medical treatment without anesthesia, it would be best to avoid reading the ending portion of this post.]
I met a retired teacher here in Gothenburg, Nebraska. His name is Sydney Kite and he is 81 years old. I asked him how he got such an unusual surname, and he told me a long story about that, which I shall reduce to a few sentences.
Syd's ancestors were originally English, but to escape religious persecution for their heretical beliefs at the hands of Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658), they fled England and went to the area of Germany that we now refer to as Alsace-Lorraine. There, they underwent thorough Germanization.
Subsequently, by the latter part of the 18th century, they moved to the United States, At the time, they spelled their surname Windlekeit, but the immigration authorities shortened that to "Kite". Syd's son Bryan studied in the Lauder Institute of the Wharton School at UPenn in the early 90s, so I was aware of that surname. The Lauder Institute puts heavy emphasis on excellent language skills, and Bryan was advanced in Spanish, French, and Portuguese.
The Windlekeits, still calling themselves by that name, settled in eastern Tennessee in the area around Johnson City. I was gratified to find that surname with that exact spelling in this list of the "Families of Hawkins County Tennessee 1786-1994". Later they moved to Texas where, as is well known, there were many German-speaking towns established by settlers in the mid-19th century. In some of these towns and cities, such as Fredericksburg, German language influence is still strong.
By the time he moved to Gothenburg, Syd was completely Americanized, and — after receiving an education degree at Kearney College — he taught in Nevada schools. I was fortunate to meet him in the Gothenburg Historical Museum, where in his retirement he was serving as a volunteer. We had a long, leisurely talk about all sorts of things, but especially about language and communication after he found out that I was a professor of Chinese at Penn.
Speaking about how important language is for a person, Syd told me the harrowing, yet inspiring, story of his great great great great uncle, who was wounded on the battlefield in the Civil War. Those were hellish times for America, with deep animosity and division in that part of the country. Some people were Confederates, some supported the Union, right in the same town, even within the same family.
Syd's great great great great uncle was shot in the mouth, the musket ball destroying his palate. He lay dying for three days when two women who were scavenging the bodies noticed that he was alive. They cleaned out the wound with twigs and rags, removing the maggots that were crawling in it, then poured coal oil onto the lacerated flesh.
Not knowing what coil oil was, I could scarcely believe what Syd was saying, so I queried him twice on what coal oil means. After the second time, he said, "Like kerosine". Here are its medicinal uses:
Coal oil was once used as an internal and topical home remedy as a general cure-all for many ailments, including coughs, flu, cuts, abrasions, and wounds. Internal applications were administered by adding the toxic petroleum product to sugar cubes, molasses, honey or some other substance to mask the taste, while topical applications were applied by adding it to bandages or by pouring the coal oil directly on the affected area.
(Wikipedia)
Syd's gggg uncle lived to his 90s. But, to be able to speak, every morning he had to stuff corn bread into the hole where the intact palate had been. Mixed to the right consistency, it would have acted as a sort of dental putty.
Naturally, I was incredulous about all of this, but Syd struck [...]
Word of the Day
drollery
Definition: (noun) A quaint and amusing jest.
Synonyms: waggery.
Usage: We filed into the parlor for some entertainment from Uncle Jones, who was known for his drollery and excellent impersonation of Aunt Cecilia.
Discuss
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Phrasal Verb of the Day | Vocabulary | EnglishClub
die off
If a group of people, animals, or plants dies off, all of them die over a period of time and none are left.
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Learn English Through Football Podcast: Euro 2024 – Preview and Predictions
Читать полностью…
Language Log
"Dutch roll"
Simon Hradecky, "Accident: Southwest B38M enroute on May 25th 2024, Dutch Roll", The Aviation Herald 6/13/2024:
A Southwest Airlines Boeing 737-8 MAX, registration N8825Q performing flight WN-746 from Phoenix,AZ to Oakland,CA (USA) with 175 passengers and 6 crew, was enroute at FL320 when the aircraft experienced Dutch Roll. The crew was able to regain control and landed the aircraft on Oakland's runway 30 about 55 minutes later. The aircraft sustained substantial structural damage.
The FAA reported: "AIRCRAFT EXPERIENCED A DUTCH ROLL, REGAINED CONTROL AND POST FLIGHT INSPECTION REVEALED DAMAGE TO THE STANDBY PCU, OAKLAND, CA." and stated the aircraft sustained substantial damage, the occurrence was rated an accident.
The aircraft remained on the ground in Oakland until Jun 6th 2024, then positioned to Everett,WA (USA), ATS facilities, and is still on the ground in Everett 6 days later.
Dutch Roll is a coupled out of phase movement of the aircraft as result of weakened directional stability (provided by the vertical tail and rudder), in which the aircraft oscillates around its vertical as well as longitudinal axis (coupled yaw and roll).
The PCU is the power control unit, an actuator controlling the (vertical) rudder.
On Jun 13th 2024 The Aviation Herald learned that two ribs, that the stand by PCU is being mounted to, were damaged as well as the mounts of the stand by actuator. A temporary repair was done in Oakland replacing the damaged PCU, the aircraft was then ferried to Everett to replace the damaged ribs.
This being Language Log rather than Aviation Safety Log, I wondered what's Dutch about the "Dutch roll", and how the name originated? The Wikipedia article is helpful — at least to the extent of citing an analogy to ice skating terminology:
The origin of the name Dutch roll is uncertain. However, it is likely that this term, describing a lateral asymmetric motion of an airplane, was borrowed from a reference to similar-appearing motion in ice skating. In 1916, aeronautical engineer Jerome C. Hunsaker published: "Dutch roll – the third element in the [lateral] motion [of an airplane] is a yawing to the right and left, combined with rolling. The motion is oscillatory of period for 7 to 12 seconds, which may or may not be damped. The analogy to 'Dutch Roll' or 'Outer Edge' in ice skating is obvious." In 1916, Dutch Roll was the term used for skating repetitively to right and left (by analogy to the motion described for the aircraft) on the outer edge of one's skates. By 1916, the term had been imported from skating to aeronautical engineering, perhaps by Hunsaker himself. 1916 was only five years after G. H. Bryan did the first mathematical analysis of lateral motion of aircraft in 1911.
The article links to Hunsaker's 1916 paper, which doesn't help me much, since my (childhood) exposure to ice skating was entirely via trial-and-error on a local pond, with equally naive friends: http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/myl/HunsakerDutchRoll.png Here's a YouTube video illustrating (one version of) the Dutch Roll in skating:
The accompanying text is historically and culturally informative, but doesn't help me much with the aircraft analogy:
The original Dutch roll on ice skates. This classic style is meant for skating long tours over the frozen Dutch canals with little effort. It originates from Holland and (West-)Friesland and is well described by Claes Arisz Caescoper (1650-1729) from Zaandijk; next to the windmills of De Zaanse Schans, north of Amsterdam.
The Dutch roll can be performed single, as well as in pairs and groups. In pairs and groups special sticks can be used for support. Every strike with the special classic skates should make an 'S' form. Starting from the outer edge of the blade, changing to the inner edge. The body is to be kept straight and hanging over to replace the forward kic[...]
Word of the Day
conniption
Definition: (noun) A fit of violent emotion, such as anger or panic.
Synonyms: fit, tantrum, scene.
Usage: When he discovered that his soup was only lukewarm, he had a conniption and stormed out of the restaurant.
Discuss
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Phrasal Verb of the Day | Vocabulary | EnglishClub
go over (3)
to cause a reaction of some sort, especially from an audience
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