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#Vocabulary
Months
🔅In French, the months don’t begin with a capital letter.
janvier January
février February
mars March
avril April
mai May
juin June
juillet July
août August
septembre September
octobre October
novembre November
décembre December
- Mon anniversaire est en septembre.
My birthday is in September.
🔅Write in the comments in which month your birthday is.
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#Vocabulary
Days
🔅When you mention a day in the week, you always have to use le before it.
- Le samedi est mon jour préféré.
Saturday is my favourite day.
- Le mercredi, je joue au football.
On Wednesday, I play football.
🔅The only time when you don’t have to put "le" before a day is when you mention a one time event, or ask which day it is.
- Je vais au musée mardi.
I am going to the museum on Tuesday.
- Dimanche, je vais au cinéma.
Sunday, I am going to the cinema.
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#Vocabulary
Days & Weeks
- Quel jour sommes-nous? (What day is it?)
- Aujourd’hui, nous sommes jeudi. (Today it’s Thursday.)
lundi ▫️Monday
mardi ▫️Tuesday
mercredi ▫️Wednesday
jeudi ▫️Thursday
vendredi ▫️Friday
samedi ▫️Saturday
dimanche ▫️Sunday
la semaine ▫️the week
le week-end ▫️the weekend
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#Phonetics
Pronunciation of Semi-regular cer verbs
🔅The je, tu, il/elle/on, and ils/elles verb forms all have the same pronunciation. The -e, –es, and -ent endings are not pronounced. In this case, it is just the “commenc” part that gets pronounced.
Je commence, Tu commences, Il commence, Elles commencent
🔅The “ç” in the nous form will have a soft pronunciation. Please note the soft “ç” sound. "Nous commençons"
🔅Because the “e” of “je” disappeared, you then don’t have to pronounce that “e” anymore.
Please note how it is NOT “je annonce“. This would be wrong.
🔅If the first letter of the verb is a vowel or a silent “h“, then we must perform a liaison. This happens in the nous, vous, and ils/elles form. This means that the final “s” of nous, vous, and ils/elles will have a “z” sound.
🔅Please note how the final “s” in all of the subject pronouns sounds like a “z”
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#Verb
The verb commencer “to start/to begin”
1. Find the infinitive (full verb) commencer
2. Cut off the -er
3. Add the new ending (e, es, e, çons, ez, ent)
je e commence
tu es commences
il/elle/on e commence
nous çons commençons
vous ez commencez
ils/elles ent commencent
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#Vocabulary
Ça va, which is pronounced like “sah vah,”
🔅 “Ça va?” (How’s it going?)
- If you’re doing you well, you cans say, “Oui, ça va, merci.”. (Fine, thank you.)
- You could answer the question in the negation with “Non, ça ne vas pas”. (No, it’s not going.)
🔅 Comment ça va? (How are you doing?)
Answer:
* Ça va bien, merci. It’s going well.
* Ça va très bien, merci. It’s going very well, thanks.
* Ça va mal. It’s going poorly.
* Ça va très mal. It’s going very poorly.
* Ça va comme ci, comme ça. I’m so-so.
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#Vocabulary
The expression C'est la vie is a combination of 4 words: Ce - est - la vie.
- Ce is a demonstrative adjective that means this;
- est is the conjugation of the verb être (to be) in the present tense; it means is;
- la is a definite article equivalent to "the"; however in English, the article "the" can be skipped"
- vie is the French word for life.
It can literally be translated as " This is life, or that's life."
"this is how life is", especially when someone feels powerless regarding a situation. It's a kind of resignation o acceptance of that situation.
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#Sentence
If you want to say “it is” in French, then you will say:
🔅 it is/this is/that is = c’est
C’est grave? Is it bad?
C’est vrai? Is it true?
🔅 it is/this is/that is + adjective = c’est + adjectif
C’est bizarre That’s odd.
C’est dommage It’s a shame.
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#Article
Articles with preposition à
🔅 definite article
masc, sing à + le = au
femin, sing à + la = à la
trunc (m, f), sing à + l’ = à l’
plural (m, f) à + les = aux
🔅 indefinite article
masc, sing à + un = à un
femin, sing à + une = à une
plural (m, f) à + des = à des
- allez à la gare go to the station
- parler à l'ami talk to friend
- partir au magasin go to the store
- penser aux arts think about the arts
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#Sentence structure (part 6)
📌 Place the question word before “est-ce que” (formal or informal)
Whether the situation is formal or informal, you can simply add the question word before a sentence using “est-ce que”.
- Je vais à Paris (I go/am going to Paris)
- Où est-ce que vous allez ? (where do you go/are you going)
- Je mange du pain (I eat bread/I’m eating bread)
- Qu’est-ce que vous mangez ? (what do you eat/are you eating?)
Note:
“quoi + est-ce que” becomes “qu’est-ce que”.
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#Sentence structure (part 5)
📌 Replace the complement by a question word (informal)
In an informal situation, you can simply replace the complement by the right question word:
- Tu manges un macaron. (you eat a macaron.)
- Tu manges quoi ? (lit: you eat what?)
- Tu vas au cinéma. (you go to the cinema.)
- Tu vas où ? (lit: you go where?)
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#Sentence structure (part 4)
Open questions are the questions you ask when you expect an answer other than “yes” or “no”.
Before you learn to ask open questions, you need to know the main interrogative pronouns used in French:
* Quand (when)
* Quoi (what)
* Où (where)
* Comment (how)
* Qui (who)
Note:
Make sure you don’t confuse “ou” and “où”. The first one means “or”, the second “where”.
The pronunciation is the same for both words though.
Place the question word before the inversion.
If you’re in an extremely formal situation, you can use inversion instead of “est-ce que” to ask an open question.
- Comment allez-vous ? (how are you doing? (lit: going)
- Quand partez-vous? (when are you leaving?)
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#Verb
Here is a list of common verbs that you are sure to encounter in day-to-day life:
annoncer to announce
avancer to move forward
commencer to start
effacer to erase
financer to finance
influencer to influence
lancer to throw
menacer to threaten
placer to place
renoncer to give up
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#pronoun
🔅Ça is a pronoun and a contraction of cela.
Depending on the context, ça means this, that, or it.
- Je veux essayer ça.
I want to try this.
- Ça arrive souvent.
That happens often.
🔅Ça will always be followed by the singular form. Even if the thing it refers to is plural.
- Aimez-vous les fraises ? Oui, j’adore ça !
Do you like strawberries? Yes I love it!
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#Verb
«C’est» is a contraction of «ce» (this) and the verb «être» (to be).
As it is singular, you will use the il/elle/on form of être which is est.
«Ce sont» is a contraction of «ce» (this) and the verb «être» (to be).
As it is plural you will use the ils/elles form of être which is sont.
🔅 When you want to refer to a singular person or thing, you will use "c’est".
- C’est mon sac.
This is my bag.
- Est-ce votre montre ? Oui, c’est la mienne.
Is this your watch? Yes this is mine.
🔅When you want to refer to a plural person or thing, you will use "ce sont".
- Ce sont mes sacs.
These are my bags.
- Est-ce que ce sont vos montres ? Oui, ce sont les miennes.
Are these your watches? Yes these are mine.
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#Verb
🔅 In French you need to add two words to say “not“:
You can see that the verb in this sentence is “suis“. We wrapped the "ne…pas" around it to make a negation.
Je suis content. I am glad.
Je ne suis pas content. I am not glad.
J’habite ici. I live here.
Je n’habite pas ici. I don’t live here.
🔅 If you want to say “it’s not” in French, then you would use the following negation: "c’est" - "ce n’est pas".
C’est important pour moi. (It is important to me.)
Ce n’est pas important pour moi. (It is not important to me.)
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#Vocabulary
If you want to say “everyone” in French, then you will say: tout le monde.
* everyone = tout le monde
Tout le monde is always singular!
Please take a look at the following examples to better understand how to say everyone in French.
Tu connais tout le monde.
You know everyone.
You know everybody.
Tout le monde est différent.
Everyone is different.
Everybody is different.
Tout le monde est d’accord.
Everyone agrees.
Everybody agrees.
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