93
[Let's learn english]
❗For some reasons all actions of this channel would be suspended for a while. Thank you for your Companionship and your patience.
بنا به دلایلی تمامی فعالیت های این کانال برای مدتی متوقف میشوند. از همراهی و شکیبایی شما سپاسگزاریم. 🙏
🔷My Dream
Introduction
“Create the highest grandest vision possible for your life because you become what you believe”. Yes, your thoughts and dreams have the power of becoming your reality if you believe in them and work diligently to achieve them. Dream of abundance of love, success and money and you shall have them all.
Attract Your Dream Life
Do you know you can actually turn your dreams into reality? It must have happened with you at some point in life? Remember, the day you so wanted to eat those delicious sweets and got back home only to see that your father has brought them for you without you even telling him about your wish? Or your heart went pounding over that beautiful dress and your friend gifted exactly the same dress to you on your next birthday without you having discussed anything about the same with her. What was it? You attracted those things in your life. Yes, you literally did! That is the power of dreams and thoughts and it is backed by the theory of the Law of Attraction.
The theory states that whatever we think and dream of, we can bring it into our life. Our dominant thoughts become our reality and the universe helps us to achieve the same. As Paulo Coelho said, “When your heart truly desires something, the whole universe conspires to help you achieve that thing, simply because it is a desire that originated from the soul of the world”.
The law of attraction is said to work as accurately as the law of gravitation. It is said that whatever dreams and aspirations we feed in our subconscious mind come true. People often question the authenticity of this theory stating that if only dreaming could turn them into millionaires and attract all the happiness in life then everyone would be rich and happy. However, this is the catch! The subconscious mind does not understand the difference between the positive and the negative. It treats both the positive and the negative in the same way. If you dream of success, power and love it would pull the same in your life. Likewise, if you doubt your dreams and aspirations, fear dreaming big and dwell on negativity that is what you will attract in life. And this is where most people fall short. Most people dream big but doubt their calibre. They want to attain big heights what feel that they are just ordinary people and cannot get there and their belief that they are ordinary actually turns into their reality.
Always remember, in order to attain your dreams you must believe in them and have complete faith in yourself.
Conclusion
When was the last time someone told you to stop dreaming and start working? The next time someone says so tell them the power of dreaming now that you have this theory to back your answer. However, having said that, merely dreaming would not help, you must also work hard to attain your dreams simultaneously. So keep dreaming, believe in yourself and put in as much effort to realise your dreams.
#Essay
#Reading
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📚Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus written by Mary Shelley
#pdf
#Book
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📚Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus written by Mary Shelley
@learners_association
🔶آزمون آیلتس ( IELTS )
آیلتس بر گرفته از عبارت
International English Language Testing System
به معنای نظام بین المللی ارزش یابی زبان انگلیسی می باشد.
این آزمون یکی از معتبرترین آزمونهای زبان انگلیسی در سراسر دنیا می باشد و از اعتبار بین المللی برخوردار است. سالانه بیش از ۲ میلیون نفر در سراسر جهان در این آزمون شرکت میکنند.
این امتحان معیاری است جهت سنجش دانش زبان انگلیسی اشخاصی که می‌خواهند در کشورهای انگلیسی زبان درس بخوانند، کار کنند و یا به آن کشورها مهاجرت نمایند.
آیلتس در واقع آزمونی بریتانیایی بوده و از این نظر هم ردیف با تافل، آزمون آمریکایی قرار می‌گیرد. این آزمون توسط دانشگاه کمبریج انگلستان، شورای فرهنگی بریتانیا و مرکز آیلتس استرالیا برگزار میشود.
بسیاری از دانشگاه ها در کشورهای مختلفی همچون کانادا، انگلستان، استرالیا، نیوزلند و آمریکا امتحان IELTS را به رسمیت می‌شناسند. همچنین جهت مهاجرت به کشورهای کانادا، استرالیا و نیوزلند، داشتن مدرک IELTS الزامی است.
آزمون آیلتس از دو گونه آکادمیک و جنرال تشکیل شده که تفاوت های در دو بخش Writing و Reading با یکدیگر دارند و بسته به نیاز و هدف شما از کسب مدرک آیلتس یکی از این گونه ها انتخاب میشوند. آکادمیک بیشتر برای دانشگاه ها و جنرال برای مهاجرت نیاز می باشد.
آزمون آیلتس از ۴ بخش شنیداری (Listening)، خواندن (Reading)، نوشتن (Writing) و مکالمه (Speaking) تشکیل شده‌است.
نمره بندی این آزمون از ۰ تا ۹ سطح را شامل میشود. البته نمرهٔ قبولی برای این آزمون وجود ندارد اما به طور معمول سطح ۵ نمرهٔ متوسط و ۶ به بالا خوب تلقی میشود. دانشگاه کمبریج، دانشگاه آکسفورد و دانشگاه هاروارد آیلتس با حداقل سطح ۷ را می‌پذیرند.
هزینه آزمون توسط مرکز تعیین می شود و مقدار آن در هر کشور متفاوت است اما معمولاً هزینه آن ۲۳۰ دلار آمریکا می باشد.
اعتبار مدرک آیلتس دوسال میباشد.
#کاربردها
#IElTS
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changes without waiting a hundred years. They've run weather data through some of the world's most powerful computers. Some of their models say that a warmer Earth would see greater extremes hotter summers and colder winters and more vicious storms year-round. But when Cyprus broils or New York City gets buried in snow, is that an example of what the models predict? No one really knows. The fact that all of the Earth's ten hottest years on record have occurred since 1998 easily reinforces the belief that Earth's climate is warming. Then again, climatologists say that even this impressive statistic could just be a coincidence. Climate change is clearly visible only in hindsight, after it has already occurred.
#Essay
#Reading
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What does the coronavirus means for china's economy?
#Video
#Listening
[Source: CNBC]
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Britain, the suicide rate among them is increasing. Despair and loneliness of the spirit are the fundamental causes. Bullying, unpopularity at school, anxiety about examination results and job prospects all make for a feeling of isolation. Some of this may be self-inflicted; the young as well as the old have character defects. Yet there is a great need for counseling and reassurance, certainly affection. The feeling of being excluded from society leads to gang membership and crime, often drug-related.
Finally, the decline of religion has had its effects. If a person of any age has a faith and a belief in God's love, a fundamental reason for living is imparted, and this does much to counteract loneliness.
There are no ready-made solutions.
#Essay
#Reading
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🔶مکانها
بخش اول
از اولین گروه لغاتی که باید به عنوان یک زبان آموز یاد بگیرید، لغات انگلیسی مربوط به ساختمانها و مکانهای شهری است. زیرا وارد هر شهری که میشوید برای آدرس دادن و آدرس پرسیدن، باید بتوانید در مورد مکان‌هایی مثل هتل، بیمارستان، ایستگاه اتوبوس و … صحبت کنید.👇👇
Airport
فرودگاه
Church
کلیسا
Mosque
مسجد
Court
دادگاه
Fire Station
آتش نشانی
Gas Station
پمپ بنزین
Hospital
بیمارستان
Library
کتابخانه
Museum
موزه
Police Station
اداره پلیس
Zoo
باغ وحش
Bus Station
ایستگاه اتوبوس
Park
پارک
School
مدرسه
University
دانشگاه
Bank
بانک
Hotel
هتل
Subway
مترو
Grocery store
خواروبار فروشی
Supermarket
سوپر مارکت
Flower shop / Florist
گلفروشی
Temple
معبد
Toilet
سرویس بهداشتی
Square
میدان
Boulevard
بلوار
Avenue/ Street
خیابان
Embassy
سفارتخانه
Stadium
استادیوم
Pharmacy
داروخانه
Bakery
نانوایی
Restaurant
رستوران
#کاربردها
@learners_association
📚🔍Book Details
War and Peace is a novel by the Russian author Leo Tolstoy, published serially, then in its entirety in 1869. It is regarded as one of Tolstoy's finest literary achievements.
The novel chronicles the French invasion of Russia and the impact of the Napoleonic eraon Tsarist society through the stories of five Russian aristocratic families.
As Napoleon’s army invades, Tolstoy brilliantly follows characters from diverse backgrounds—peasants and nobility, civilians and soldiers—as they struggle with the problems unique to their era, their history, and their culture. And as the novel progresses, these characters transcend their specificity, becoming some of the most moving—and human—figures in world literature.
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🔶An Article about Coronavirus by New York Times
❗What are the Symptoms of a Coronavirus Infection?
As the coronavirus continues to spread across the globe, the news is coming at a fast and furious pace. But don’t let the volume send you into a panic about your health and that of your loved ones.
Symptoms of this infection include fever, a dry cough, fatigue and difficulty breathing or shortness of breath. The illness causes lung lesions and pneumonia. Some of these symptoms overlap with those of the flu, making detection difficult, but runny noses and stuffy sinuses are not normally among the first symptoms.
The new coronavirus seems to spread very easily, especially in confined spaces like homes, hospitals, churches and cruise ships. It appears to spread through droplets in the air and on surfaces from a cough or sneeze.
Whether a surface looks dirty or clean is irrelevant. If an infected person coughs and a droplet lands on a surface, a person who then touches that surface could pick it up.
❗Is there a cure? What about a vaccine?
❗Will the virus disappear in the summer?
❗ What symptoms should I look out for?
❗What should I do if I feel sick?
❗What if someone in my family gets sick?
❗How does this compare with the flu?
❗How does the virus spread?
Full Article by New York Times👇👇
Read Here
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🔷Vocabulary
1.Triumph: a great success, victory or achievement when you win a war, fight or competition.
2.Hardly: only just, almost not/ used for saying that something is almost not true or almost does not happen at all.
3.Numerous: great in number, many/ consisting of great numbers of units or individuals.
4.Expand: to increase in size, number or importance/ to become larger in size and fill more space.
5.Reinforce: to make something stronger usually by adding more material or another piece/ strengthen or support something.
۱.پیروزی
۲.به ندرت
۳.فراوان - بیشمار
۴.گسترش دادن
۵.تقویت کردن
#Vocabulary
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📚🔍Book Details
One Hundred Years of Solitude is a landmark 1967 novelby Colombian author Gabriel García Márquezthat tells the multi-generational story of the Buendía family, whose patriarch, José Arcadio Buendía, founded the town of Macondo, a fictitious town in the country of Colombia.
The book has every feature of a binge-worthy soap opera: characters we love and love to hate, doomed affairs, violence, endless family squabbling, tragedy, intrigue, melodrama…. Again, this is no criticism; Marquez loved telenovelas and even wrote a script for one. He wanted his work to reach as many people as possible, to thrill and entertain. But he didn't withhold any literary nutrients either.
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George Michael
Careless Whisper
I feel so unsure
As I take your hand and lead you to the dance floor
As the music dies, something in your eyes
Calls to mind the silver screen
And all its sad good-byes
I'm never gonna dance again
Guilty feet have got no rhythm
Though it's easy to pretend
I know you're not a fool
Should've known better than to cheat a friend
And waste the chance that I'd been given
So I'm never gonna dance again
The way I danced with you
Time can never mend
The careless whispers of a good friend
To the heart and mind
Ignorance is kind
There's no comfort in the truth
Pain is all you'll find
I'm never gonna dance again
Guilty feet have got no rhythm
Though it's easy to pretend
I know you're not a fool
I should've known better than to cheat a friend
And waste the chance that I'd been given
So I'm never gonna dance again
The way I danced with you
Never without your love
Tonight the music seems so loud
I wish that we could lose this crowd
Maybe it's better this way
We'd hurt each other with the things we'd want to say
We could have been so good together
We could have lived this dance forever
But no one's gonna dance with me
Please stay
And I'm never gonna dance again
Guilty feet have got no rhythm
Though it's easy to pretend
I know you're not a fool
Should've known better than to cheat a friend
And waste the chance that I'd been given
So I'm never gonna dance again
The way I danced with you
Now that you're gone
(Now that you're gone) What I did's so wrong, so wrong
That you had to leave me alone
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🔶آزمون تافل (TOEFL)
تافل برگرفته از سرواژگان عبارت
Test Of English as a Foreign Language
و به معنای آزمون زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی می باشد.
تافل از مهم ترین و معتبر ترین آزمونهای زبان انگلیسی در سراسر دنیا میباشد، و آزمونی است که میزان توانایی افراد را در زمینهٔ برقراری ارتباط به زبان انگلیسی در سطح دانشگاه‌ها و موسسات آموزشی می‌سنجد.
این آزمون توسط مؤسسه ای‌تی‌اس در دو نوع کاغذی و اینترنتی برگزار میشود و در بیش از نه هزار دانشگاه و مؤسسه از بیش از یکصدو سی کشور جهان مورد پذیرش قرار می‌گیرد.
بر خلاف آزمون آیلتس که با دو فرمت دانشگاهی (Academic) و کلی (General) ارائه می شود، آزمون تافل تنها با یک فرمتAcademic (آکادمیک یا همان دانشگاهی)، اما به دو صورت اینترنتی (iBT _ Internet-Based Test) و کاغذی (PBT _Paper-Based Test) ارائه می شود. در ایران و تقریبا در تمام نقاط دیگر جهان از آزمون اینترنتی تافل (iBT) استفاده میشود و هر جا سخن از تافل میشود منظور همین آزمون است.
آزمون تافل هم مانند آزمون آیلتس از چهار بخش اصلیِ شنیداری(Listening)، خواندن (Reading)، نوشتن (Writing) و مکالمه (Speaking) تشکیل شده است.
حداکثر ۲۰۳ دقیقه برای تکمیل مراحل آزمون مجاز است.
نمره ی کلی تافل از ۱۲۰ محاسبه می شود، و هر بخش اصلی ۳۰ نمره دارد. حداقل نمره ی مورد نظر اکثر دانشگاه ها چیزی در حدود ۸۰ یا ۸۵ است. البته این نمره بر اساس رشته، سطح دوره ی تحصیلی، و اعتبار دانشگاه فرق می کند.
هزینه های ثبت نام بر اساس کشور محل برگذاری آزمون و تاریخ ثبت نام متفاوت است، و این هزینه ها به مرور افزایش پیدا می کنند و هم اکنون هزینه ی ثبت نام در ایران ۲۱۵ دلار است.
مدرک آزمون تافل هم مانند مدرک آیلتس از دو سال اعتبار برخوردار است.
#کاربردها
#IELTS
@learners_association
🗝Listen To Many, Speak To Few
👤William Shakespeare
#Quotes
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📚🔍Book Details
Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus is a novel written by English author Mary Shelley that tells the story of Victor Frankenstein, a young scientist who creates a hideous sapient creature in an unorthodox scientific experiment.
Since the novel's publication, the name "Frankenstein" has often been used to refer to the monster itself.
Frankenstein has had a considerable influence in literature and popular culture and spawned a complete genre of horror stories, films and plays.
Frankenstein is a dark parable warning against the risks of scientific and creative endeavor, the corrupting influence of technology and progress, and the dangers of knowledge without understanding.
The book has long been regarded as a masterpiece of suspense, a classic of nineteenth-century Romanticism and Gothic horror, and the prototype of the science fiction novel. Though it has spawned countless imitations and adaptations, it remains the most powerful story of its kind.
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Documentary
Name: Cosmos, A Space Time Odyssey
Duration: 44:07
Size: 421MB
Title: A Sky Full Of Ghosts
Season: 01
Episode: 04
#Documentary
#Video
#Subtitle
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🔶آزمونهای زبان انگلیسی
در قرن بیست و یکم و عصر پیشرفت و تکنولوژی، تسلط بر زبان انگلیسی از کوچکترین مهارت ها به حساب می آید، اما متاسفانه در کشور عزیز ما ایران به دلایل مختلف از جمله دلایل پیش زمینه ای تاریخی، سیستم آموزشی اشتباه، فراهم نبودن زیر ساخت ها، عدم توجه توده های مردم به خصوص قشر جوان و دانشجوی کشور به مبحث یادگیری زبان و فرهنگ غلطِ قهر با کتاب و کتابخوانی باعث شده تا توجه کافی و مورد نیاز به یکی از مهم ترین و پایه ای ترین مهارت ها در دنیای امروزی، یعنی تسلط بر زبان علم و ارتباطات در کشور ما در شرایط مطلوبی قرار نداشته باشد.
حال اگر قصد یادگیری زبان انگلیسی را دارید، نیاز است تا با مهم ترین آزمونهای زبان انگلیسی آشنا شوید.
پیش از آشنایی با آزمونها، ابتدا باید هدف و منظور خود از یادگیری زبان و شرکت در آزمونها را تعیین کنید. این اولین و مهم ترین گام می باشد.
دلایل زیادی برای کسب مدرک زبان انگلیسی وجود دارند از جمله سفر به کشور موردنظر به منظور مهاجرت-تحصیل-کار-سرمایه گذاری و...که زبان رسمی آن انگلیسی باشد، یا به مدرک زبان نیاز داشته باشد. برای مهاجرت به برخی کشورهای انگلیسی زبان،تحصیل و فعالیت کاری شما به داشتن مدرک معتبر و با نمره حداقلی نیاز دارید.
آزمونهای فراوانی برای ارزشیابی مهارت های زبان فرد در وجود دارند. دانشگاه ها و وزارتخانه ها و حتی سفارت ها به نوبه خود آزمونهای جداگانه ای برای این ارزشیابی انجام میدهند که هر کدام اعتبار خود را در کشور و دانشگاه مورد نظر دارد.
در این میان آزمونهای بین المللی به خصوص دو آزمون مهم آیلتس و تافل از بالاترین اهمیت و اعتبار در میان تمام آزمونها برخوردارند.
مهم ترین آزمونهای زبان انگلیسی به ترتیب اهمیت و اعتبار در کشورهای مختلف به شرح زیر می باشند.( که ما در کانال انجمن زبان آموزان دو آزمون آیلتس و تافل را به صورت کامل و در طی روز های آینده به شما معرفی خواهیم کرد)
آزمون آیلتس ( IELTS )
آزمون تافل ( TOFEL )
آزمون GRE
آزمون PTE
آزمون TOEIC
آزمون FCE
آزمون CAE
برخی آزمونهای داخلی نیز برای سنجش تسلط بر زبان انگلیسی توسط دانشگاه ها و وزارتخانه های مختلف برگزار میشوند که این آزمونها از اعتبار داخلی برخوردارند و مورد پذیرش سازمانها و دانشگاهای خارجی نمی باشند.
آزمون TOLIMO توسط سازمان سنجش
آزمون MCHE یا MSRT توسط وزارت علوم
آزمون MHLE توسط وزارت بهداشت ودرمان
آزمون UTEPT آزمون زبان دانشگاه تهران
آزمون EPT برای داوطلبان دانشگاه آزاد
#کاربردها
#IELTS
@learners_association
🔷Weather, Climate, or Both?
In the summer of 2010, parts of eastern and southern Europe baked in temperatures they had never experienced before. Ukraine saw its highest temperature ever recorded-106.3 degrees Fahrenheit (41.3 degrees Celsius)-and the island of Cyprus recorded an air temperature of 115.9 degrees F (46.6 degrees C). As the core of the heat moved over Russia, about 15,000 people died. Many people interpreted the brutal heat as evidence that the climate of Earth really has changed, that the phenomenon known as global warming has really set in. In December 2010, several feet of snow fell in some sections of northern Europe that normally get only a few inches all year. Several cities in Germany shivered through coldest-ever temperatures sometimes reaching - 20 degrees Celsius (-4 degrees F). In 2011, New York City posted its snowiest January on record, as the monthly snowfall total hit 36 inches (91.4 cm). The normal snowfall in the city for an entire year is 22.4 inches (56.9 cm). Many people interpreted the cold and snow as evidence that Earth's climate could not possibly be getting warmer.
A LOGICAL PROBLEM
Two opposite conclusions were drawn, each with evidence that was recent and easily observed by millions of people. Was Earth's climate getting warmer or not? Which conclusion was right? Actually, neither. The unusual heat and cold observed in 2010 and 2011 are striking, but by themselves they indicate nothing about long-term processes such as global warming. The logic is faulty because it treats two separate phenomena, weather and climate, as if they were the same thing. Bermuda High off the U.S. coast Weather is what happens in the short term- day to day, week to week. It's today's rain or tomorrow's sunshine or the strong wind that messes up your hair. Climate exhibits itself over much longer periods. Weather indicates climate, but only if observed long enough to tell a coherent tale. A weather pattern that occurs in 40 years out of 50 may start scientists suspecting2 a climate change. The scientists or their grandchildren-would feel a lot more confident announcing climate change if the pattern held for 80 years out of 100. Of course, climate determines what weather is normal. Consider the "Bermuda High" that establishes itself over the Atlantic Ocean each summer. This qualifies as a climate feature because there is long-standing evidence of it, and it influences the weather over a very large region for a very long time. A strong Bermuda High has many effects on weather. For one thing, it ensures that hot and humid air flows over the southeastern United States and even reaches more northerly cities like Washington, D.C. For another, a strong Bermuda High steers the energy of many July and August storms northward along the U.S. Atlantic coast instead of westward to the Gulf of Mexico. Meteorologists trying to guess where a hurricane may go are likely to check the strength of this climate feature before making predictions.
CLIMATE CHANGE AND HISTORY
Climate change can have huge effects. In ancient Rome, North Africa was known as "the granary of the empire," providing much of the Romans' wheat and other basic foods. Then, in about 100 BCE, the North African climate became far drier than in previous times, limiting farming to a few narrow strips beside the Mediterranean Sea. In northern Europe the interval from about 950 CE to 1250 CE, known as the Medieval Warm Period, altered civilizations. Ice in the North Atlantic Ocean melted enough to clear new sailing routes, and the Vikings of Denmark and Norway took advantage of the change. They settled Iceland, established farm communities in southwest Greenland, and even sailed to what is now Canada. Then, in the late 1200s, northern Europe's climate changed again, becoming much cooler. Vikings could no longer sail ice-free seas from Europe to assist their Greenland colony, which gradually died off. Iceland remained inhabited, but life was much harder than during the warm period. Climatologists keep trying to develop a strategy for detecting climate
👤Biography of Cyrus the Great
(بیوگرافی کوروش بزرگ)
Cyrus II of Persia (600 – 530 BC), commonly known as Cyrus the Great, and also called Cyrus the Elder by the Greeks, was the founder of the Achaemenid Empire, the first Persian Empire.
Under his rule, the empire embraced all the previous civilized states of the ancient Near East, expanded vastly and eventually conquered most of Western Asia and much of Central Asia. From the Mediterranean Sea and Hellespont in the west to the Indus River in the east, Cyrus the Great created the largest empire the world had yet seen.
Under his successors, the empire eventually stretched at its maximum extent from parts of the Balkans, and Eastern Europe proper in the west, to the Indus Valley in the east. His regal titles in full were The Great King, King of Persia, King of Anshan, King of Media, King of Babylon, King of Sumer and Akkad, and King of the Four Corners of the World.
The reign of Cyrus the Great lasted c. 30 years. Cyrus built his empire by first conquering the Median Empire, then the Lydian Empire, and eventually the Neo-Babylonian Empire. He led an expedition into Central Asia, which resulted in major campaigns that were described as having brought "into subjection every nation without exception." Cyrus did not venture into Egypt, and was alleged to have died in battle, fighting the Massagetae along the Syr Daryain December 530 BC. He was succeeded by his son, Cambyses II, who managed to conquer Egypt, Nubia, and Cyrenaica during his short rule.
Cyrus the Great respected the customs and religions of the lands he conquered. This became a very successful model for centralized administration and establishing a government working to the advantage and profit of its subjects. In fact, the administration of the empire through satrapsand the vital principle of forming a government at Pasargadae were the works of Cyrus. What is sometimes referred to as the Edict of Restoration (actually two edicts) described in the Bible as being made by Cyrus the Great left a lasting legacy on the Jewish religion. According to Isaiah 45:1 of the Hebrew Bible, God anointed Cyrus for this task, even referring to him as a messiah, and he is the only non-Jewish figure in the Bible to be called so.
Cyrus the Great is also well recognized for his achievements in human rights, politics, and military strategy, as well as his influence on both Eastern and Western civilizations. Having originated from Persis, roughly corresponding to the modern Iranian province of Fars, Cyrus has played a crucial role in defining the national identity of modern Iran. The Achaemenid influence in the ancient world eventually would extend as far as Athens, where upper-class Athenians adopted aspects of the culture of the ruling class of Achaemenid Persia as their own.
Cyrus is a cult figure amongst modern Iranians, with his tomb serving as a spot of reverence for millions of people. In the 1970s, the last Shah of Iran Mohammad Reza Pahlavi identified his famous proclamation inscribed onto the Cyrus Cylinder as the oldest known declaration of human rights, and the Cylinder has since been popularized as such. This view has been criticized by some historians as a misunderstanding of the Cylinder's generic nature as a traditional statement that new monarchs make at the beginning of their reign.
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Wikipedia/Cyrus_The_Great]
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🔷Loneliness is becoming an increasing social problem.
Loneliness is not just a matter of being alone. The monk with his vow of silence may not feel lonely; the individual in an uncongenial group may feel very lonely indeed. So loneliness is a matter of the mind and spirit as well as the body. The richness of life lies in the companionship of a person with whom one has an emotional connection and perhaps a physical relationship, one who thinks in like terms and talks the same language. It is a person whose views on other people, the world in general, and God coincide. Unmarried people often find this in parents, so the loss of parents is perhaps unduly traumatic in their case.
The majority of people get married and find most of these outlets in the other person, if the marriage is happy. So bereavement, especially if untimely, is a prime cause of loneliness. Suddenly the house is empty, and there is nobody, even kind friends, children and relations, with whom one can quite communicate. The remedy? Time, and the determination to live the kind of life the other person would have hoped for. Remarriage? For some people, no doubt. Not for everybody. There is no real remedy for this kind of loneliness.
The fact is that widows and widowers, previously happily married, have a much increased lifespan nowadays. To have to live alone from say age sixty to ninety is no longer uncommon, and medical advance has to be counted as another prime cause of loneliness. It is not so long since people regarded survival beyond the age of fifty as a bonus. Today, the percentage of pensioners in Western communities is constantly rising. As an example, Greenwich in London (pop 11/2m) has 1/2m pensioners. So much social work, both municipal and private, has to be geared to the elderly, and much of it to the lonely elderly. This is why loneliness as a social problem is increasingly important. Very often the problem is exacerbated by extreme old age and sickness. To become housebound compounds the problem.
Another reason for the loneliness of the elderly is the mobility of younger people. In Britain, the old tradition was that children would house their parents, so that three generations might sit round the same fireside. Today, both job requirements and the cost of housing in or near the great conurbations mean that the young family moves away and can only pay a very occasional visit to the elderly parents. The late 20th century is seeing the collapse of the 'nuclear' family, and the old concept of mutual responsibility seems to be ebbing away. This means that a wide variety of social provisions, ranging from subsidized travel to 'meals on wheels' to home nursing has to be made today by local authorities and charitable organizations.
This problem is less acute in country areas and sometimes in certain areas of the conurbations, where the old concept of community and neighborliness is still extant. There is less need to be lonely in the village, where all residents are traditionally interested in each other. This mutual support is very noticeable in e.g. many villages in South Wales, where there is much unemployment and a degree of poverty. The flight of the young, however, also applies to villages, especially in agricultural areas, where farm work is no longer labor-intensive and where property prices have been pushed up by second-home owners.
Another cause of loneliness in urban areas is the unsuitability of post-war re-housing, much of it erected on old bomb sites. In the 60s, tower blocks and large areas of low-rise flats and maisonettes were 'in'; today it is realized that all this was a gigantic mistake, and many such complexes are being demolished to make way for old-style housing. The problems connected with steel and concrete are, first anonymity; also, depressing outlooks, vandalism and crime. Many elderly people live in fear. They install impregnable front doors, which impede the emergency services in the event of physical collapse or fire.
What of the young? Many are, for different reasons, just as lonely as the elderly. In
📚War and Peace written by Leo Tolstoy
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📚War and Peace written by Leo Tolstoy
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🔶Father's Day
Father's Day is a day of honoring fatherhood, paternal bonds, as well as the influence of fathers in society. In Catholic countries of Europe, it has been celebrated on March 19 (Saint Joseph's Day) since the Middle Ages.
In many countries Father's Day is celebrated on the third Sunday in June, among them the USA, Canada, the UK, France, India, China, Japan, the Philippines and South Africa
But in Shia Muslim Countries such as Iran, Kuwait, Bahrain, Iraq, Oman, Qatar, Egypt, Yemen, Syria, Somalia, Sudan, it is celebrated in 13 RAJAB, Ali Ibn Abi Talib's Birthday.
The Father’s Day in Persian calendar coincides with the birth anniversary of Shia Muslims’ first Imam Ali (AS) which is Rajab 13 in Hijri calendar.
On Sunday (March 8) Iranian people will visit their fathers to honor them and celebrate the day with gifts, flowers and cookies.
In Iranian culture, the day is observed in recognition of the role of fathers in family, raising the children and society as a whole.
In addition to the religious teachings, father is one of the pillars of family in Iranian culture. This year Father’s Day falls on the day before Nowruz that is a festivity marking the Iranian New Year. Therefore the day will be celebrated with more enthusiasm, as the first day of the New Year has traditionally been a day for reunion at parents’ and grandparents’ home.
Father's Day is celebrated worldwide on a variety of dates to recognize the contribution of fathers and fatherly figures to the lives of their children. This day celebrates fatherhood and male parenting.
Father's Day is a relatively modern holiday, so the tradition varies among families. These can range from a simple phone call or greetings card to large parties honoring all fatherly figures in an extended family.
Fatherly figures can include fathers, step-fathers, fathers-in-law, grandfathers, great-grandfathers and even other male relatives.
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📚One Hundred Years of Solitude writtem by Gabriel García Márquez
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📚One Hundred Years of Solitude writtem by Gabriel García Márquez
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George Michael - Careless Whisper
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