-
🔸We created this channel for the student preparing for UPSC. 🔸Maps prelims & mains perspective for UPSC CSE 🔸 Previous year maps base que 🔸News places Contact @Mapping_prelims_mains_bot
Quality of Prelims Practice is very important.
✅Practice for 2025 Prelims starts now.
✅First academy which deals only with UPSC "Prelims" Exam.
Average score: 9/20.
Solve the above question:
https://www.goaltideias.com/startdailyquizs-detail/1268
Telegram link: /channel/goalTide
World Drought Atlas:
✅It has been launched by the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) in collaboration with European Commission Joint Research Centre.
✅It explains how worsening drought risks are linked to human activities and then delves into the impacts of drought in five key areas—water supply, agriculture, hydropower, inland navigation, and ecosystems.
✅It features 21 case studies from around the world, underscoring that no country is immune to drought and all can better prepare for it.
✅It describes concrete measures and pathways to manage, reduce, and adapt to systemic drought risks; underscores the co-benefits of these actions for different sectors; and showcases best practices from different regions.
✅The measures highlighted in the Atlas fall into three categories:
🔸Governance (e.g. early warning systems, microinsurance for smallholder farmers, pricing schemes for water usage);
🔸Land-use management (e.g. land restoration and agroforestry);
🔸Management of water supply and use (e.g. wastewater reuse, managed groundwater recharge and conservation.)
#geography
#River_series
#Kaveri_River #Cauvery_River
🔆Kaveri/ Cauvery river
✅It rises in the Brahmagiri range near Cherangala village of Kodagu (Coorg) district of Karnataka and drains into the Bay of Bengal.
✅It is bounded by Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats and by the ridges separating it from Krishna basin and Pennar basin.
✅It is the third largest river – after Godavari and Krishna – in South India
✅the largest river in the State of Tamil Nadu
✅Cauvery basin extends over states of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala and UT of Puducherry.
Tributaries:
✅ Left Bank: the Harangi, the Hemavati, the Shimsha and the Arkavati.
✅ Right Bank: Lakshmantirtha, the Kabbani, the Suvarnavati, the Bhavani, the Noyil and the Amaravati.
✅On the Cauvery, lies the “Grand Anicut dam” said to have been constructed by Chola King in 1st century A.D.
✅Imp dams : Krishna Raja Sagara dam, Mettur
🔆Ratapani Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh notified as 57th Tiger Reserve of the country
✅Ratapani Tiger Reserve has a core area of 763.8 sq km, buffer area of 507.6 sq km and total area of 1271.4 sq km. It is the 8th tiger reserve of Madhya Pradesh.
✅This conservation initiative will strengthen wildlife management in the forests of Ratapani, Bhopal Sehore area. Standard protection, habitat management, ecotourism, community engagement activities etc shall be adopted which will strengthen Wildlife conservation in the Ratapani Tiger landscape
#geographyoptional
#Disaster_management
Join @Upsc_4_environment
@Mapping_prelims_mains
Explained: Prospects and concerns for the Rabi crop 🔗
#explained_economics #express_explained #rabi_crop
Sugar
✅India is the world’s second-largest sugar producer, with 34 million metric tonnes of production, about a fifth of the global production. India’s sugar exports grew by 291% from $1,177 million in FY 2013-2014 to $4,600 million in FY 2021-22 and 64.90% in 2021-2022.
✅About 50 million farmers depend on sugarcane cultivation in India. An additional half million depend on sugar and allied factories.
✅Sugarcane is well-known for requiring a lot of water to cultivate. On average, 1 kg of sugar requires between 1,500 and 2,000 kg of water.
✅Natural ecosystems like grasslands and savannahs in these states have also been converted to plant sugarcane. Along with the ensuing biodiversity loss, this change has increased the pressure on water resources and increased the need for alternate cropping patterns.
✅The social dynamics of sugar industries narrate another story. Media reports have unearthed poor working conditions, including long working hours. Rising temperatures in peninsular India acts as a threat multiplier. Workers trapped in vicious debt cycles incur even more stress.
#geography #agriculture
#prelims #mains
Join @CSE_EXAM
@Mapping_prelims_mains
Teesta Valley
✅It is a biologically rich area located in the northeastern region of India, primarily in the state of Sikkim.
✅The valley is named after the Teesta River, which flows through it.
✅The river originates in the Tibetan Plateau and flows southward, passing through the Indian states of Sikkim and West Bengal before joining the Brahmaputra River in Bangladesh.
✅Khecheopalri Lake, often referred to as a sacred lake, is located near the valley and attracts many pilgrims and trekkers.
✅The river joins the Brahmaputra in Bangladesh before it flows into the Bay of Bengal after meeting with the Ganges and the Meghna.
✅Two major large barrages constructed on Teesta –
🔸Gajoldoba in West Bengal, India
🔸Duani in Bangladesh.
Major Tributaries of Teesta River
✅Left-bank Tributaries: Lachung Chhu, Chakung Chhu, Dik Chhu, Rani Khola and Rangpo Chhu.
✅Right-bank Tributaries: Zemu Chhu, Rangyong Chhu and Rangit River.
#River_Series
#Places_in_news
Join @Mapping_prelims_mains
Features, Details and Status of Inter-Linking of Rivers
https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1907654&reg=3&lang=1
Pennaiyar River:
✅ flowing through Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.
✅It is also known as the South Pennar River, Dakshina Pinakini in Kannada, and Thenpennai, Ponnaiyar, in Tamil.
✅Origin: It originates in the Nandi Hills in the Chikkaballapura district of Karnataka.
✅The basin is bounded on the northwest and south by various ranges of the Eastern Ghats, like the Velikonda Range, the Nagari Hills, the Javadhu Hills, the Shevaroy Hills, the Chitteri Hills and the Kalrayan Hills, and in the east by the Bay of Bengal.
✅It is the second largest interstate east-flowing river basin among the 12 basins lying between the Pennar and Cauvery basins.
✅It drains an area of 16,019 sq.km., out of which nearly 77 percent lies in Tamil Nadu.
✅Major tributaries are the Chinnar, Markanda, Vaniar, and Pamban.
✅The river is extensively dammed for irrigation, especially in Tamil Nadu.
#River_Series
#Places_in_news
Join @Mapping_prelims_mains
🔆Senkaku island
✅It is located in the East China Sea between Japan, the People’s Republic of China, and the Republic of China (Taiwan).
✅The archipelago contains five uninhabited islands and three barren rocks, ranging in size from 800 m2 to 4.32 km2.
✅It is a natural island, a group of eight uninhabited islands
✅The Senkaku Islands dispute relates to a territorial dispute between China and Japan over a group of known uninhabited islands. Both Japan and China claim ownership of these islands. Senkaku Island is located in the East China Sea.
Jeddah
✅It is Saudi Arabia’s port city.
✅It is situated on the eastern shore of the Red Sea.
✅It is situated on the maritime trade route connecting the Mediterranean with India, the Arabian Peninsula and southeast Asia.
✅From the 7th century AD it was established as a major port for Indian Ocean trade routes, channeling goods to Mecca.
✅It was also the gateway for Muslim pilgrims to Mecca who arrived by sea.
#prelims
#Places_in_news
Join @Mapping_prelims_mains
An Initiative that helped so many toppers!
Enlight IAS test series proved to be one of the most successful test series in prelims again. A lot of students clearing prelims!
Hear from Swati Sharma AIR 17, Ayushi Pradhan AIR 36, Anjali Shrotriya AIR 44, Kanika AIR 64, Abhijit Ray AIR 50, Aaditya Sharma AIR 70, Sunil AIR 77, Anjali Garg AIR 79, Ashis Kumar AIR 85, Shubham Shukla AIR 43, Ankit AIR 99 and 150+ other toppers about EnlightIAS. Click here to know
One of the Highest success ratio in prelims.
List of Available Batches: /channel/EnlightIAS8_official/7543
For enquiry, contact @enlightias_help or call 9540489839 website: www.enlightias.com
The Most recommended Initiative that helped so many toppers!
Enlight IAS test series proved to be one of the most successful test series in prelims again. A lot of students clearing prelims!
Hear from Swati Sharma AIR 17, Ayushi Pradhan AIR 36, Anjali Shrotriya AIR 44, Kanika AIR 64, Abhijit Ray AIR 50, Aaditya Sharma AIR 70, Sunil AIR 77, Anjali Garg AIR 79, Ashis Kumar AIR 85, Shubham Shukla AIR 43, Ankit AIR 99 and 150+ other toppers about EnlightIAS. Click here to know
One of the Highest success ratio in prelims.
List of Available Batches: /channel/EnlightIAS8_official/7543
For enquiry, contact @enlightias_help or call 9540489839 website: www.enlightias.com
📍Earthquake waves are basically of two types — body waves and surface waves.
✅Body waves: They are generated due to the release of energy at the focus and move in all directions travelling through the body of the earth. Hence, the name body waves. The body waves interact with the surface rocks and generate new set of waves called surface waves.
✅Surface waves: These waves move along the surface. The velocity of waves changes as they travel through materials with different densities. The denser the material, the higher is the velocity. Their direction also changes as they reflect or refract when coming across materials with different densities.
📍There are two types of body waves. They are called P and S-waves.
✅P-waves or ‘primary waves’ move faster and are the first to arrive at the surface. The P-waves are similar to sound waves. They travel through gaseous, liquid and solid materials.
✅P-waves vibrate parallel to the direction of the wave. This exerts pressure on the material in the direction of the propagation. As a result, it creates density differences in the material leading to stretching and squeezing of the material.
✅S-waves or secondary waves arrive at the surface with some time lag. They can travel only through solid materials. This characteristic of the S-waves is quite important. It has helped scientists to understand the structure of the interior of the earth.
✅The direction of vibrations of S-waves is perpendicular to the wave direction in the vertical plane. Hence, they create troughs and crests in the material through which they pass. Surface waves are considered to be the most damaging waves.
📍Shadow zones
✅There exist some specific areas where the waves are not reported by seismograph. Such a zone is called the ‘shadow zone’. The study of different events reveals that for each earthquake, there exists an altogether different shadow zone.
UPSC veterans often face the dilemma of choosing between a job and preparation. However, a freelancer opportunity now exists where they can earn and learn through a completely online job.
To apply, fill out the form.
https://forms.gle/Jxa2vghMgXZCvPVS9
Drought:
✅ Drought is a prolonged dry period in the natural climate cycle that can occur anywhere in the world.
✅ It is a slow-onset disaster characterised by the lack of precipitation, resulting in a water shortage.
✅ Drought can have a serious impact on health, agriculture, economies, energy and the environment.
Data related to drought:
✅ An estimated 55 million people globally are affected by droughts every year, and they are the most serious hazard to livestock and crops in nearly every part of the world.
✅ Water scarcity impacts 40% of the world’s population, and as many as 700 million people are at-risk of being displaced as a result of drought by 2030.
Land Degradation
#GS1 #GS3 #geography #environment
🔆Bohai Gulf
✅UNESCO recently inscribed China's Migratory Bird Sanctuaries along the Yellow Sea-Bohai Gulf (Phase II) to its World Heritage List.
📍Bohai Gulf:
✅It is the innermost gulf of the Yellow Seaon the coast of Northeastern and North China.
✅It is sometimes called Bohai Sea, or Bo Hai for short; in earlier times it was called the Gulf of Chili or the Gulf of Pechili.
✅It is approximately 78,000 sq.km in area, and its proximity to Beijing, the capital of China, makes it one of the busiest seaways in the world.
✅The Bohai Gulf is enclosed by the Liaodong Peninsula(northeast) and the Shandong Peninsula (south).
✅Among the most important cities on the Bohai Gulf are Dalian and Tianjin; its shores form three of the most famous bays in the country: Liaodong Bay, Bohai Bay, and Laizhou Bay.
✅The Yellow River, China’s second longest river, discharges into the gulf.
✅There are both onshore and offshore petroleum deposits, and several oil refineries are located there as well as other industries.
#Strait_series
Join @Mapping_prelims_mains
🔆 "40 years after Bhopal gas tragedy, Union Carbide's toxic waste yet to be removed"
✅Context: 40 years after the Bhopal gas tragedy, the toxic waste left behind by Union Carbide remains a significant environmental and health concern.
Key Issues:
✅Unresolved Waste Disposal:
🔸337 tonnes of toxic waste collected in 2005 remains unprocessed.
🔸11 lakh tonnes of contaminated soil, mercury, and underground waste dumps remain unaddressed.
✅Government Inaction:
🔸Despite multiple court orders and warnings, there has been minimal progress in waste disposal.
🔸The Madhya Pradesh government has not implemented plans despite receiving funds.
✅Environmental Contamination:
🔸Toxic waste continues to contaminate groundwater and surface water.
🔸This poses significant health risks to the local population.
✅Health Concerns: Exposure to toxic chemicals can lead to various health problems, including cancer and respiratory diseases.
✅Long-term Impact: The legacy of the Bhopal gas tragedy continues to affect the lives of survivors and their families.
🔸The government's failure to address the waste issue undermines its commitment to environmental protection and public health.
✅Possible UPSC Prelims Question: Which of the following is a major environmental concern related to the Bhopal gas tragedy?
a) Air pollution
b) Water pollution
c) Soil contamination
d) All of the above
Possible UPSC Mains Question:
Discuss the long-term environmental and health impacts of the Bhopal gas tragedy. What steps need to be taken to address the legacy of the disaster and ensure the well-being of the affected communities?
🔆Lake Prespa
✅According to experts, of the 450 hectares of Little Prespa Lake in Albania, at least 430 hectares have been transformed into swamps or dried up.
✅It is one of the oldest tectonic lakes in Europe, and also the highest tectonic lake on the Balkan Peninsula.
✅It lies at the junction of three major geological masses: a granite massif on the East, a karstic massif belonging to Galicica on the West, and the Suva Gora on the South.
✅The region is famous for having rocks from the oldest Paleozoic form to sediments belonging to the young Neogene era.
✅It is made up of the Great Prespa Lake (Albania, Greece and the Republic of Macedonia) and Small Prespa Lake.
#Places_in_news
#geography
Join @Mapping_prelims_mains
🔆Koraga Tribe
✅Habitat – Kerala and Karnataka.
✅Status – Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups
✅Language – Tulu language
✅Operation Smile – Launched by the Kerala government with the aim to rehabilitate, support homeless people.
✅The Family among the Koraga is matrilineal, the decent being reckoned along the female line. But residence after marriage is patrilocal.
✅The property is equally divided among both sons and daughters.
#Tribe
Join @Mapping_prelims_mains
🔆Baltic Sea:.
✅Location: Part of the North Atlantic Ocean, situated in Northern Europe, separating the Scandinavian Peninsula from continental Europe.
✅Surrounding Countries: Denmark, Germany, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Russia, Finland, and Sweden.
📍 Trick- RuDe Germany SELL Poland & Finland
✅R - Russia
✅D - Denmark
✅G - Germany
✅S - Sweden
✅E - Estonia
✅L - Latvia
✅L - Lithuania
✅P - Poland
✅F - Finland
✅Connections: Links to the Atlantic Ocean through the Danish Straits, facilitating global trade and connectivity.
✅Gulfs: Contains the Gulf of Bothnia (north), Gulf of Finland (east), and Gulf of Riga (south).
✅Rivers: Over 250 rivers drain into it, with the Neva River being the largest contributor.
✅Islands: Hosts over 20 islands and archipelagos, with Gotland (off Sweden’s coast) as the largest
#Places_in_news
#Sea_series
Join @CSE_EXAM
@Mapping_prelims_mains
Raimona National Park:
✅Ilocated Indo-Bhutan border in Bodoland Territorial Region (BTR), Assam.
✅It shares contiguous forest patches of Phibsoo Wildlife Sanctuary and Jigme Singye Wangchuck National Park in Bhutan, creating a trans-boundary conservation landscape of more than 2,400 sq km.
✅Rivers: The Sankosh River ,the Saralbhanga River
✅Vegetation: It includes as many as twelve different types and sub-types of forests ranging from very moist sal forests, sub-Himalayan high alluvial semi-evergreen forests, savannah forests, moist-mixed deciduous forests, riparian fringing forests, to khair-sissoo forests.
✅Flora: This park flourishes with myriads of orchid species, other tropical rainforest species, and riverine grasslands.
✅Fauna: The park is famous for its endemic species, golden langur, which has been named the mascot of the Bodoland region.
#National_park_series
#Tiger_Reserve_series
#Places_in_news
Join @mapping_prelims_mains
@upsc_4_environment
Cayirhan Mine:
✅Location: Situated on the outskirts of Ankara, in Ankara Province, Turkiye.
✅Grade of Coal: Produces lignite, a low-grade coal primarily used for power generation.
Significance:
✅Supplies the adjacent 620 MW Cayirhan coal-fired power station.
✅Integral to Turkiye’s energy production and local employment.
✅Subject of environmental and economic scrutiny due to proposed extensions and concerns over inefficiency and pollution.
#Places_in_news
Join @Mapping_prelims_mains
🔥 Unlimited Evaluation + Mentorship Support by Team of Toppers
👉🏻 Much needed tool to crack Mains Examination!
🎉 Features:
1) Freedom to practice questions from any source
2) Detailed and Timely Evaluation
3) Precision Answer Writing Course by IPS Ankita Mishra
4) Access to Topper's Copies
💯 Topper's Reviews: HERE
👉🏻 Plans: convertias.com/evaluationplans
UPSC veterans often face the dilemma of choosing between a job and preparation. However, a freelancer opportunity now exists where they can earn and learn through a completely online job.
To apply, fill out the form.
https://forms.gle/Jxa2vghMgXZCvPVS9
🔆A low around low carbon climate resilient development
✅The Supreme Court of India recently recognized the right to be "free from the adverse impacts of climate change," sourced from the right to life and equality, in the landmark judgment of M.K. Ranjitsinh vs Union of India.
✅It emphasizes the need for well-defined procedures and institutional structures to support climate action, including a potential low-carbon development commission and a climate cabinet.
✅The Supreme Court's judgment opens the door to necessary legal changes, allowing for a comprehensive climate law tailored to India's context, aiming for a low-carbon, climate-resilient future while advancing justice.
#environment
#Geographyoptional
#gs1
#GS2
#GS3
@upsc_4_environment
@upsc_the_hindu_ie_editorial
Practice for 2025 Prelims starts now.
First academy which deals only with UPSC Prelims Exam.
Average score: 8/20.
Solve the above question: https://www.goaltideias.com/startdailyquizs-detail/1166
Telegram link: /channel/goalTide
Helped so Many toppers in past years!
Enlight IAS test series proved to be one of the most successful test series in prelims again. A lot of students clearing prelims!
Hear from Swati Sharma AIR 17, Ayushi Pradhan AIR 36, Anjali Shrotriya AIR 44, Kanika AIR 64, Abhijit Ray AIR 50, Aaditya Sharma AIR 70, Sunil AIR 77, Anjali Garg AIR 79, Ashis Kumar AIR 85, Shubham Shukla AIR 43, Ankit AIR 99 and 150+ other toppers about EnlightIAS. Click here to know
One of the Highest success ratio in prelims.
List of Available Batches: /channel/EnlightIAS8_official/7543
For enquiry, contact @enlightias_help or call 9540489839 website: www.enlightias.com