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Climate change: Over a million farming households face acute food shortage in Zambia, warns Oxfam
A severe drought, worsened by climate change & El Nino, has caused massive crop failures for half of the nation’s planted area
DTE
📍Gelephu smart city project
✅Recently, Bhutan’s King has announced plans to build a massive “international city” in an area of over 1,000 sq. km. on its border with Assam. This project is known as the Gelephu Project.
✅The project is expected to be an “economic corridor connecting South Asia with Southeast Asia via India’s northeastern States
Are we breaking the Atlantic Ocean? The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, explained. - Vox
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Uzbekistan
✅ Uzbekistan is a country in Central Asia.
✅ It is surrounded by five landlocked countries: Kazakhstan to the north; Kyrgyzstan to the northeast; Tajikistan to the southeast; Afghanistan to
✅ the south and Turkmenistan to the south-west.
✅ Along with Liechtenstein, it is one of two doubly landlocked countries.
✅ As a sovereign state, Uzbekistan is a secular, unitary constitutional republic.
#Landlocked_country
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🔆Yasuni National Park
✅ Why in News : In a historic decision, Ecuadorians voted against the oil drilling of a protected area in the Amazon that's home to two uncontacted tribes and serves as a biodiversity hotspot.
✅ Yasuni National Park: One of the world's most biodiverse regions.
✅ Inhabitants: Home to Tagaeri and Taromenani tribes, living in self-isolation.
✅ Location: Situated in Ecuador, in the Amazonian region.
✅ UNESCO Designation: Yasuni was designated a world biosphere reserve by UNESCO in 1989.
✅ Conservation Challenges: Faces threats due to oil drilling and deforestation.
#National_park_series
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🔆Sela Tunnel:
✅It is the longest bi-lane road tunnel in the world, at an altitude above 13,000 feet. It is located in the West Kameng district of Arunachal Pradesh.
✅It will connect Tezpur, in Assam, with Tawang, in Arunachal Pradesh. It is built by the Border Roads Organisation (BRO) under Project Vartak, and the tunnel's construction commenced on April 1, 2019.
✅Located near the Sela Pass, this all-weather tunnel was needed because the Balipara-Charidwar-Tawang Road remains closed for a long time every year, courtesy of snowfall and landslides caused by heavy rainfall.
✅The tunnel is significant as it will provide all-weather connectivity to Tawang, bordering China. It will cut down the travel time between Tezpur and Tawang by over an hour.
✅It will also provide for faster deployment of weapons, soldiers, and equipment to forward areas near the Line of Actual Control (LAC).
#geography
Greater Tipraland
Why in news:
✅A tripartite agreement was signed between the Centre, the State government of Tripura and the Indigenous Progressive Regional Alliance (Tipra Motha) and other stakeholders, to amicably resolve all issues of indigenous people of Tripura.
✅The Tipra Motha’s demands include a “Greater Tipraland”, a separate state for Tripura’s tribals which seeks to include those living outside the Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council (TTAADC) area as well.
✅Regional extent: It includes the region under Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous district Council (TTAADC) and 36 villages out of it, within the Tripura State boundaries.
✅Demand of Tipra Motha: It is demanding that this area should be carved out as a State or a Union Territory for the 19 indigenous tribes of Tripura under Articles 2 and 3 of the Constitution.
✅Applicable to the idea doesn’t restrict to simply the Tripura tribal council areas but seeks to include ‘Tiprasa’ of Tripuris spread across different states of India like Assam, Mizoram etc. as well, even those living in Bandarban, Chittagong, Khagrachari and other bordering areas of neighboring Bangladesh.
#Security
#Places_in_news
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India Climatic Regions According To Koeppen's Scheme
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🔆Agalega Islands
Why in the News?
✅Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Mauritius Prime Minister Pravind Jugnauth virtually inaugurated an air strip and a jetty to ensure maritime security and connectivity to Mauritius’ Agalega islands.
✅Agaléga are two outer islands of Mauritius located in the Indian Ocean, about 1,000 kilometres north of Mauritius island.
✅India is believed to be building a naval facility on the remote Mauritian island of Agalega in the south-western Indian Ocean.
#WorldGeography
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📍Zambezi River
✅The Zambezi is the fourth longest river in Africa, after the Nile, Congo, and Niger Rivers. It is the longest east flowing river in Africa.
✅It flows through six countries on its journey from its source in north-western Zambia to the Indian Ocean, an amazing 2 700 km.
✅The Power of the Zambezi River has been harnessed along its journey at two points, the first being Kariba Dam in Zimbabwe and the second Cahora Bassa Dam in Mozambique.
✅Both these dams are sources of hydroelectric power and supply a large portion of power to Zambia, Zimbabwe and South Africa.
✅The Victoria Falls are considered the boundary between the upper and middle Zambezi.
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🔆Trinidad and Tobago
✅It is an island country of the southeastern West Indies.
✅It consists of two main islands—Trinidad and Tobago—and several smaller islands.
✅Trinidad is the larger and more populous of the main islands; Tobago is much smaller, comprising about 6% of the total area and 4% of the population. ‘
✅It shares maritime borders with Barbados to the northeast; Grenada to the northwest; Guyana to the southeast and with Venezuela to the west and south.
✅The capital of Trinidad and Tobago is Port of Spain.
✅The islands are bounded by the Caribbean Sea to the north; by the Atlantic Ocean to the south and east and by the Gulf of Paria to the west.
✅The highest point on the islands is El Cerro del Aripo
✅Trinidad is drained by numerous short rivers and streams, with the Rivers – Caripo (in the north) and Ortoire (in the south), being the most significant.
#prelims
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🔆Badwater Basin
✅In the parched expanse of North America’s driest region, Badwater Basin has defied expectations by lingering and expanding as an ephemeral lake.
✅It is endorheic in nature meaning water flows into it but not out, typically resulting in rapid evaporation and ephemeral lakes.
✅It is the lowest point in North America at 282 ft (86 m) below sea level.
✅However, increased precipitation over the past six months has disrupted this pattern.
✅It is nestled within the Death Valley in North America.
Poverty reduction in reverse, far-right populism to blame, says UN 2023 Human Development Report
DTE
🔆Kanjirankulam Bird Sanctuary Tamil Nadu
commonly occurring shore and water birds like
forest birds like
🔆The great rift :
✅Africa's splitting plate could give birth to a new ocean ,but with consequences
✅Scientists, in 2020, predicted a new ocean would be created as Africa gradually splits into two separate parts.
✅The 3 plates....the Nubian African Plate, Somalian African Plate and Arabian Plate — are separating at different speeds.
✅The Arabian Plate is moving away from Africa at a rate of about an inch per year, while the two African plates are separating even slower.
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🔆The Earth’s Geologic Time Scale:
Morocco:
✅mountainous country in western North Africa that lies directly across the Strait of Gibraltar.
✅Morocco’s largest city & major Atlantic Ocean port is Casablanca, an industrial & commercial centre.
✅Capital: Rabat
✅It borders Algeria to the east and southeast, the Western Sahara to the south, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, & the Mediterranean Sea to the north.
✅It is the only African country with coastal exposure to both the Atlantic Ocean & the Mediterranean Sea.
✅Two small Spanish enclaves, Ceuta & Melilla, are situated on the country’s northern coast.
✅Major mountain ranges: Atlas and Rif
✅Spoken Languages: Arabic & Amazigh (Tamazight).
✅Religion: Predominantly Islam with a rich Islamic heritage.
✅Political System: Morocco has a constitutional monarchy with two legislative houses.
✅Economy: The Moroccan economy remains heavily dependent on the export of raw materials.
#Places_in_news
#Not_landlocked_country
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Satkosia Gorge
✅Established in 1976 as a wildlife sanctuary, Satkosia Gorge in Angul district of Odisha State is a mosaic of rivers, marshes and evergreen forests at the meeting point of two biogeographic regions, the Deccan Peninsula and the Eastern Ghats.
✅ These wetland habitats support a variety of plant and animal communities. Notable plant species include asan (Terminalia alata), dhaura (Anogeissus latifolia), simal (Bombax ceiba), Indian thorny bamboo (Bambusa arundinacea) and Calcutta bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus); while animal species include red-crowned roofed turtle (Batagur kachuga), Indian narrow-headed softshell turtle (Chitra indica), tiger (Panthera tigris) and black-bellied tern (Sterna acuticauda).
#environment
#Ramsar_Convention
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🔆UPSC EPFO personal assistant (pa) 2024 detailed notification
apply online 07-27 mar 2024
total 323
graduate + steno + typing
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🔆Cavum clouds:
✅These clouds are also known as “hole-punch clouds or fallstreak holes.”
📍How are Cavum clouds formed?
✅These are form when aeroplanes pass through layers of altocumulus clouds, which are mid-level clouds containing supercooled water droplets (water below freezing temperature but still in liquid form).
✅As the aircraft moves through, a process known as adiabatic expansion can cause the water droplets to freeze into ice crystals.
✅These ice crystals eventually become too heavy and fall out of the cloud layer, creating a hole in the clouds.
✅They are formed when planes pass through at a relatively steep angle.
📍What are Altocumulus clouds?
✅These are typically found in groups or heaps clumped together.
✅They’re found in the middle layer of the troposphere, lower than cirrocumulus and higher than their cumulus and stratocumulus counterparts.
✅The term mackerel sky is also common to altocumulus (and cirrocumulus) clouds that display a pattern resembling fish scales.
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🔆seamount
✅A seamount is an underwater mountain with steep sides rising from the seafloor.
✅When volcanoes form on the seafloor, they build up over time as they erupt volcanic lava that cools to become basalt.
✅If a volcano grows in height and volume enough to reach the ocean’s surface, it becomes a volcanic island.
Example: Islands of Hawaii
Guyot.
✅When a seamount breaches the sea surface, waves and other sub-aerial processes (wind, rainfall, weathering) will cause erosion of the volcano.
✅Over time, these processes will erode the flanks and top of the seamount/island, eventually forming a flat shelf to form a guyot.
▪️Significance of Seamounts
✅ The seamounts provide a hard substrate for marine organisms such as deep-sea corals and sponges to attach.
✅ It also provides vital habitat for marine invertebrates like brittle stars and squat lobsters to live on and act as nurseries for deep-sea fish.
✅ The seamounts also influence the flow of deeper waters, which results in the upwelling of nutrient-rich waters towards the sea surface.
Nainativu Island:
✅It is located in the Palk Strait, the stretch of sea that separates Sri Lanka from southern India.
✅It’s close to the famous island of Delft (also known as Neduntheevu).
✅This tiny island is fairly close to the northern Sri Lankan city of Jaffna.
✅It is an important pilgrimage place for both Hindus and Buddhists.
Historical significance:
✅Historians note the island is mentioned in the ancient Tamil Sangam literature where it was mentioned as Manipallavam
Nagapooshani Amman Kovil, a historic Hindu temple dedicated to the principal goddess of Tamil Hindus, Amman is located in this Island.
✅She is identified with the famous Tamil deity Meenakshi from Madurai from mainland India.
✅The Mahavamsa, which is literally the 'Great Chronicle', was composed by the Monk Mahanama in the 6th century A.D.
✅According to the chronicle, the Buddha came to this Island, literally meaning 'Serpent Island', on his second visit to Sri Lanka, five years after attaining enlightenment.
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Ministry of Mines Launches Second Tranche of Auction of Critical and Strategic Minerals
18 Critical Mineral blocks spread across Eight States to be Auctioned; 17 blocks for Composite Licence and One Mineral Block for Mining Lease
PIB
Agriculture, fisheries take spotlight at WTO meet in Abu Dhabi
🔆Lebanon:
🔆Northern Ireland
✅It is a part of the United Kingdom and It is bordered by the Republic of Ireland in the south and west.
✅In the east, it is separated from Scotland by the North Channel.
✅In the north, it is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean.
Geographical Features :
✅Highest Point: Slieve Donard which is located within the Mourne Mountains
Sperrin Mountains
✅The Antrim Plateau, situated in the northeast, constitutes another important geographical region in Northern Ireland.
✅The Lagan River, which flows through the valley, serves as an essential water source for the region, supporting agriculture, industry, and residential needs.
✅Northern Ireland boasts numerous lakes, known locally as loughs. Among these, Lough Neagh is the largest,
Lough Erne
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