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🔆Accra
📍in news why
✅UN peace keeping Ministerial Meeting held in Accra, Ghana
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✅The highly decomposed carcass of a tiger was found in a forest range in Maharashtra's Gondia district
✅The carcass was disposed of as per the standard operating procedure of the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA), they said.
✅The Koka Wildlife Sanctuary located in Bhandara district is inhabited by a number of tigers and leopards.
✅The Koka Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in the state of Maharashtra. The sanctuary is a part of the larger Nawegaon Nagzira Tiger Reserve.
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🔆An old land mine found by children in Ghazni province of Afghanistan exploded.
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🔆Schengen zone
✅Romani and Bulgaria partially joined Europe's ID chek free tavel zone, their is now free access for travelers arriving by air or sea from both countries, however land border check remain in place due to opposition from Austria over illegal migrant concern
📍Schengen region
✅The Schengen Agreement is a treaty signed in 1985 by five member states (Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands) of the European Economic Community.
✅The agreement aims to create a border-free area in Europe that allows the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital called the Schengen Area, where internal border checks are largely abolished.
✅Non-EU countries like Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Iceland, Kosovo are part of Schengen through special association agreements.
✅Over time, the Schengen area has grown to encompass 27 countries, spanning over 4 million square kilometres and hosting nearly 420 million inhabitants.
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#IR
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🔆DUQM PORT -Oman
✅ India has secured access to key strategic Port of Duqm in Oman in Arabian sea for military use and logistical support.
✅ The Port of Duqm is situated
on the south-eastern seaboard of Oman, overlooking the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean.
✅ It is strategically located, near the Chabahar port in Iran.
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Bengaluru’s Water Crisis
✅Rainfall: Bengaluru experienced a rainfall deficit in 2023 led to declining groundwater levels, particularly affecting the city’s periphery.
✅Rising Demand: Bengaluru’s demand for freshwater exceeds its available supply from sources like the Cauvery River and groundwater.
✅Degradation of Water Bodies: Historically, Bengaluru relied on a network of lakes and tanks for water supply. However, rapid urbanization has led to the encroachment and drying out of these water bodies.
✅Lakes are also polluted due to sewage dumping, further diminishing their potential for rainwater harvesting.
✅Wastewater Management: Only a fraction of the city’s wastewater is treated and reused externally. Most of it flows into lakes or rivers downstream.
✅Arkavathi Reservoir Depletion: The Arkavathi Reservoir, once a vital water source, is severely depleted and polluted due to uncontrolled development, encroachments, excessive borewell usage, and eucalyptus cultivation.
Water Crisis in India
✅India has 18 percent of the world’s population, but only 4 percent of its water resources, making it among the most water-stressed in the world.
✅A NITI Aayog report, ‘Composite Water Management Index’ (2018) has said that India is facing its ‘worst’ water crisis in history, with more than 600 million people facing acute water shortages.
▪️Government Initiatives to tackle water Crisis in India
✅Jal Shakti Abhiyan (JSA)
✅National Aquifer Mapping Programme (NAQUIM)
✅Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)
✅Amrit Sarovar Mission
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🔆Nimmu-Padam-Darcha road
✅The Border Roads Organisation (BRO) recently completed the strategic Nimmu-Padam-Darcha road in Ladakh.
✅The Nimmu–Padum–Darcha road (NPDR) (298km), also known as the Zanskar Highway, is under construction, linking Ladakh and Himachal Pradesh via Zanskar valley.
✅It connects Nimmu in the Indus Valley to Padum in Zanskar and Darcha village in Lahul and Spiti
✅it serves as an alternative to the Leh–Manali Highway, enhancing connectivity between Ladakh and the rest of India.
✅It aims to provide all-weather connectivity and shorten the Manali to Kargil distance by 522 km.
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🔆Mount Marapi
✅Recently, Indonesia’s Mount Marapi in West Sumatra province erupted, spewing white-and-grey ash plumes for more than 3,000 metres (about 9,800 feet) into the air.
✅Not to be mistaken with Mount Merapi in Java, this Mount Marapi is located in West Sumatra.
✅Its name means Mountain of Fire.
✅With over 60 eruptions to its credit since the late 18th century, Marapi claims the title of the most active volcano in Sumatra.
▪️Pacific Ring of Fire :
✅It also known as the Circum-Pacific Belt,is a path along the Pacific Ocean characterised by active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes.
✅Its length is approximately 40,000 kilometres (24,900 miles).
✅It traces boundaries between several tectonic plates—including the Pacific, Juan de Fuca, Cocos, Indian-Australian, Nazca, North American, and Philippine Plates.
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🔆Netravati River
✅Why in news: The principal bench of the National Green Tribunal (NGT) in New Delhi has initiated action on the Netravati Waterfront Promenade Development Project in Mangaluru.
✅Origin: It rises between Kudremukh and Ballalaryan Durga in the Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka.
✅It flows generally in a North-South direction up to Gohattu, where it takes a turn towards the West and there after flows in East-West direction up to its out fall into the Arabian Sea near Mangalore.
✅Tributary: The Kumaradhara, a major left-bank tributary joins near the village Uppinangadi.
✅The climate of the basin is characterized by heavy rainfall, high humidity and oppressive weather in the hot season.
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🔆Republic of Dagestan
✅The Republic of Dagestan, is a republic of Russia situated in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe, along the Caspian Sea.
✅The republic is the southernmost tip of Russia, sharing land borders with the countries of Azerbaijan and Georgia to the south
✅Makhachkala is the republic's capital and largest city
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🔆Katchatheevu islands
✅Katchatheevu is a 285-acre uninhabited speck in the Palk Strait, between India and Sri Lanka, an island located about 14 nautical miles off Rameswaram,India.
✅In 1974, Prime Ministers Indira Gandhi of India and Sirima R.D. Bandaranaike of Sri Lanka signed an agreement that recognized Katchatheevu as part of Sri Lanka's territory, resulting in a change of ownership.
✅The agreement also allowed Indian fishermen to fish around the island, dry their nets on it, and permitted Indian pilgrims to visit the Catholic shrine located on the island.
✅Fisherfolk from both India and Sri Lanka have historically used Katchatheevu for fishing.
✅Though this feature was acknowledged in the 1974 agreement, the supplemental pact was signed in 1976.
✅The transfer of Katchatheevu triggered opposition and debates in both Indian Houses of Parliament.
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🔆Larnaca port of cyprus
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Nacala port in news because of trilateral exercise
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🔆Painganga River
✅Protests were staged against a proposed dam project on the Painganga river in the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra recently.
✅ The Painganga River (also known as the Penganga River) is the chief river of the Yavatmal district in Maharashtra and flows along the south-east boundaries of the district in a winding, meandering course.
✅ Origin: It originates in the Ajantha ranges in Aurangabad district in Maharashtra.
✅ It is a major tributary of the Wardha River, the other major river in the district.
✅ The Wardha River flows into the Wain Ganga Riverto form the Pranhita River, which finally joins the Godavari River.
✅ It is acutely deep-rooted and difficult to navigate.
✅ It is acutely deep-rooted and difficult to navigate.
✅ The total length of the river is 676 km.
✅ Major Tributaries: Include the Adan, Kas, Arunavati, Kayadhu, and Pus Rivers.
✅ The Penganga River gets flooded in the rainy and winter seasons and partially flooded in the summer.
✅ It provides irrigation to the Washim and Yavatmal districts in Maharashtra.
✅ There are two dams being constructed on the river, namely Upper Painganga and Lower Painganga. This dam is also known as Isapur Dam.
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Can 'good sounds' help coral islands recover from bleaching?
✅Coral islands like Lakshadweep, Tuvalu and Vanuatu
✅Staghorn corals seen in the waters off Man Nai Island
✅Ocean acidification - which is when the pH of the water drops as more carbon dioxide dissolves in it - is another well known cause. More acidic water reduces the availability of calcium minerals that the corals need to build and repair their exoskeletons.
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