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Every Day, 2Medical.News from the most Trusted Journals https://2medical.news Aldo Lorenzetti M.D, Internal Medicine & Hepatology, Milano - SIMEDET Delegate
Longitudinal Associations of Midlife Accelerometer Determined #Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity With #Cognitive Function: The CARDIA Study
https://2medical.news/2021/01/26/longitudinal-associations-of-midlife-accelerometer-determined-sedentary-behavior-and-physical-activity-with-cognitive-function-the-cardia-study/
To determine if accelerometer measured sedentary behavior (SED), light‐intensity physical activity (LPA), and moderate‐to‐vigorous–intensity physical activity (MVPA) in midlife is prospectively associated with cognitive function. Participants were 1970 adults enrolled in the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study who wore an accelerometer in 2005 to 2006 (ages 38–50 years) and had cognitive function assessments completed 5 and/or 10 years later. SED, LPA, …
State-dependent responses to intracranial brain stimulation in a patient with #depression
https://2medical.news/2021/01/25/state-dependent-responses-to-intracranial-brain-stimulation-in-a-patient-with-depression/
Deep brain stimulation is a promising treatment for severe depression, but lack of efficacy in randomized trials raises questions regarding anatomical targeting. We implanted multi-site intracranial electrodes in a severely depressed patient and systematically assessed the acute response to focal electrical neuromodulation. We found an elaborate repertoire of distinctive emotional responses that were rapid in onset, reproducible, and context and state dependent. Results provide proof …
#Antioxidants: Positive or Negative Actors?
https://2medical.news/2021/01/24/antioxidants-positive-or-negative-actors/
The term “antioxidant” is one of the most confusing definitions in biological/medical sciences. In chemistry, “antioxidant” is simply conceived “a compound that removes reactive species, mainly those oxygen-derived”, while in a cell context, the conceptual definition of an antioxidant is poorly understood. Indeed, non-clinically recommended antioxidants are often consumed in large amounts by the global population, based on the belief that cancer, inflammation and degenerative …
EUGLYCEMIC DIABETIC #KETOACIDOSIS WITH #COVID-19 INFECTION IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES TAKING #SGLT2 INHIBITORS
https://2medical.news/2021/01/23/euglycemic-diabetic-ketoacidosis-with-covid-19-infection-in-patients-with-type-2-diabetes-taking-sglt2-inhibitors/
Diabetes mellitus is associated with poor outcomes in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has also been reported to occur with this virus. A cluster of cases of euglycemic DKA (euDKA) was identified in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) who developed SARS-CoV-2 infection.. ..Five cases of euDKA, presenting with glucose levels <300 mg/dL, were …
#Microbiome connections with host metabolism and habitual #diet from 1,098 deeply phenotyped individuals
https://2medical.news/2021/01/22/microbiome-connections-with-host-metabolism-and-habitual-diet-from-1098-deeply-phenotyped-individuals/
The gut microbiome is shaped by diet and influences host metabolism; however, these links are complex and can be unique to each individual. We performed deep metagenomic sequencing of 1,203 gut microbiomes from 1,098 individuals enrolled in the Personalised Responses to Dietary Composition Trial (PREDICT 1) study, whose detailed long-term diet information, as well as hundreds of fasting and same-meal postprandial cardiometabolic blood marker measurements …
Childhood Daily #Energy Expenditure Does Not Decrease with Market Integration and Is Not Related to #Adiposity in Amazonia
https://2medical.news/2021/01/21/childhood-daily-energy-expenditure-does-not-decrease-with-market-integration-and-is-not-related-to-adiposity-in-amazonia/
Childhood overweight and obesity (OW/OB) is increasingly centered in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) as rural populations experience market integration and lifeway change. Most explanatory studies have relied on imprecise estimates of children’s energy expenditure, restricting understanding of the relative effects of changes in diet and energy expenditure on the development of OW/OB in transitioning contexts.. ..Cross-sectional data were collected from “rural” (n = 43) …
The impact of #loneliness on #paranoia: An experimental approach
https://2medical.news/2021/01/20/the-impact-of-loneliness-on-paranoia-an-experimental-approach/
Loneliness is a common problem in patients with schizophrenia, and may be particularly linked with persecutory ideation. Nevertheless, its role as a potential risk factor in the formation and maintenance of persecutory delusions is largely unexplored. Methods Loneliness was experimentally manipulated using a false-feedback paradigm in a non-clinical sample (n = 60). Change in state paranoia was compared between the induction of increased loneliness, the …
6-month consequences of #COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: a cohort study
https://2medical.news/2021/01/19/6-month-consequences-of-covid-19-in-patients-discharged-from-hospital-a-cohort-study/
The long-term health consequences of COVID-19 remain largely unclear. The aim of this study was to describe the long-term health consequences of patients with COVID-19 who have been discharged from hospital and investigate the associated risk factors, in particular disease severity.. ..In total, 1733 of 2469 discharged patients with COVID-19 were enrolled after 736 were excluded. Patients had a median age of 57·0 (IQR 47·0–65·0) …
#Benzophenone-3 promotion of mammary tumorigenesis is diet-dependent
https://2medical.news/2021/01/18/benzophenone-3-promotion-of-mammary-tumorigenesis-is-diet-dependent/
Benzophenone-3 is a putative endocrine disrupting chemical and common ingredient in sunscreens. The potential of endocrine disrupting chemicals to act as agonists or antagonists in critical hormonally regulated processes, such as mammary gland development and mammary tumorigenesis, demands evaluation of its potential in promoting breast cancer. This study identifies the effects of BP-3 on mammary tumorigenesis with high-fat diet during puberty versus adulthood in Trp53-null …
Progression of #Myopia in School-Aged Children After #COVID-19 Home Confinement
https://2medical.news/2021/01/17/progression-of-myopia-in-school-aged-children-after-covid-19-home-confinement/
Time spent in outdoor activities has decreased owing to home confinement for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Concerns have been raised about whether home confinement may have worsened the burden of myopia owing to substantially decreased time spent outdoors and increased screen time at home.. .. Of the 123 535 children included in the study, 64 335 (52.1%) were boys. A total of 194 904 test results …
Evaluating the impact of a time orientation intervention on #well-being during the #COVID-19 lockdown: past, present or future?
https://2medical.news/2021/01/16/evaluating-the-impact-of-a-time-orientation-intervention-on-well-being-during-the-covid-19-lockdown-past-present-or-future/
Lockdown policies brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic pose a threat to well-being. This study examined the effectiveness of three positive psychology interventions, with different time-orientations, on well-being as well as predictors of well-being during lockdown. Participants (n= 216) completed measures of lockdown characteristics, attachment orientation, and emotion regulation, were then randomly allocated to one of four interventions; nostalgia (past), gratitude (present), best possible self …
#Cancer Statistics, 2021
https://2medical.news/2021/01/15/cancer-statistics-2021/
Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths in the United States and compiles the most recent data on population‐based cancer occurrence. Incidence data (through 2017) were collected by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program; the National Program of Cancer Registries; and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Mortality data (through 2018) were collected by …
The Effect of Flat Flexible Versus Stable Supportive #Shoes on Knee #Osteoarthritis Symptoms
https://2medical.news/2021/01/14/the-effect-of-flat-flexible-versus-stable-supportive-shoes-on-knee-osteoarthritis-symptoms/
Experts recommend that persons with knee osteoarthritis wear stable supportive shoes; however, evidence suggests that flat flexible shoes may be more beneficial.. ..Of 164 participants recruited, 161 (98%) completed 6-month primary outcomes. No evidence was found that flat flexible shoes were superior to stable supportive shoes in primary outcomes. Evidence did show a between-group difference in change in pain favoring stable supportive shoes (mean difference, …
Use of #proton pump inhibitors to treat persistent #throat symptoms: multicentre, double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial
https://2medical.news/2021/01/13/use-of-proton-pump-inhibitors-to-treat-persistent-throat-symptoms-multicentre-double-blind-randomised-placebo-controlled-trial/
To assess the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to treat persistent throat symptoms.. ..Random blinded allocation (1:1) to either 30 mg lansoprazole twice daily or matched placebo twice daily for 16 weeks. Main outcome measures Primary outcome was symptomatic response at 16 weeks measured using the total reflux symptom index (RSI) score. Secondary outcomes included symptom response at 12 months, quality of life, and …
#Renal Failure is Associated With Increased Mortality and Hospital Utilization in Patients Admitted With Nonalcoholic #Steatohepatitis
https://2medical.news/2021/01/12/renal-failure-is-associated-with-increased-mortality-and-hospital-utilization-in-patients-admitted-with-nonalcoholic-steatohepatitis/
We aimed to investigate the mortality and hospital utilization outcomes of hospitalized nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients with and without kidney failure in a nationwide cohort.. ..The overall sample included 7,135,090 patients. Among 6855 patients admitted for NASH, 598 or 8.7% had comorbid kidney failure. After multivariate regression analysis, NASH patients with renal failure had increased in-hospital mortality [odds ratio=28.72, 95% confidence interval (CI): 8.99-91.73], length …
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Repeated #Ketamine Administration for Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
https://2medical.news/2021/01/26/a-randomized-controlled-trial-of-repeated-ketamine-administration-for-chronic-posttraumatic-stress-disorder/
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic and disabling disorder, for which available pharmacotherapies have limited efficacy. The authors’ previous proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial of single-dose intravenous ketamine infusion in individuals with PTSD showed significant and rapid PTSD symptom reduction 24 hours postinfusion. The present study is the first randomized controlled trial to test the efficacy and safety of repeated intravenous ketamine infusions for the …
Association of Potent and Very Potent Topical #Corticosteroids and the Risk of #Osteoporosis and Major Osteoporotic Fractures
https://2medical.news/2021/01/25/association-of-potent-and-very-potent-topical-corticosteroids-and-the-risk-of-osteoporosis-and-major-osteoporotic-fractures/
Systemic and inhaled corticosteroids negatively affect bone remodeling and cause osteoporosis and bone fracture when given continuously or in high doses. However, risk of osteoporosis and major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) after application of topical corticosteroids (TCSs) is largely unexplored.. ..A total of 723 251 adults treated with the equivalent of at least 200 g of mometasone were included in the analysis (52.8% women; mean [SD] age, …
Efficacy and safety of #antidepressants for the treatment of back pain and #osteoarthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis
https://2medical.news/2021/01/24/efficacy-and-safety-of-antidepressants-for-the-treatment-of-back-pain-and-osteoarthritis-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis/
.. 33 trials (5318 participants) were included. Moderate certainty evidence showed that serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) reduced back pain (mean difference −5.30, 95% confidence interval −7.31 to −3.30) at 3-13 weeks and low certainty evidence that SNRIs reduced osteoarthritis pain (−9.72, −12.75 to −6.69) at 3-13 weeks. Very low certainty evidence showed that SNRIs reduced sciatica at two weeks or less (−18.60, −31.87 to −5.33) …
Association of Maternal #Autoimmune Disease With #Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children
https://2medical.news/2021/01/23/association-of-maternal-autoimmune-disease-with-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-in-children/
Maternal autoimmune disease has been associated with increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring, but few studies have assessed the association with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).. ..In the population-based cohort analysis, 831 718 singleton, term infants born to 831 718 mothers (mean [SD] age, 29.8 [5.6] years) were assessed. Of 12 767 infants (1.5%) who were linked to a maternal autoimmune diagnosis, 12 610 were propensity score matched to 50 440 …
A randomized controlled trial of 130 g/day low-#carbohydrate diet in type 2 #diabetes with poor glycemic control
https://2medical.news/2021/01/22/a-randomized-controlled-trial-of-130-g-day-low-carbohydrate-diet-in-type-2-diabetes-with-poor-glycemic-control/
The usefulness of low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) for Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has not been fully investigated. Therefore, we compared the effectiveness and safety of LCD with calorie restricted diet (CRD). This prospective, randomized, open-label, comparative study included 66 T2DM patients with HbA1c >7.5% even after receiving repeated education programs on CRD. They were randomly allocated to either the 130g/day LCD group …
Effect of #denosumab on osteolytic lesion activity after total #hip arthroplasty: a single-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, proof of concept trial
https://2medical.news/2021/01/21/effect-of-denosumab-on-osteolytic-lesion-activity-after-total-hip-arthroplasty-a-single-centre-randomised-double-blind-placebo-controlled-proof-of-concept-trial/
Osteolysis causes recurrent pain and disability after total hip arthroplasty. We investigated the effect of the human monoclonal antibody denosumab on osteolytic lesion activity in patients undergoing revision total hip arthroplasty surgery to show the biological proof of concept for a non-surgical treatment for the disease.. Findings Between Dec 12, 2012, and June 24, 2018, 51 patients were assessed for eligibility, of whom 24 were …
Efficacy and safety of #linagliptin in type 2 #diabetes patients with self-reported #hepatic disorders: A retrospective pooled analysis of 17 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials
https://2medical.news/2021/01/19/efficacy-and-safety-of-linagliptin-in-type-2-diabetes-patients-with-self-reported-hepatic-disorders-a-retrospective-pooled-analysis-of-17-randomized-double-blind-placebo-controlled-clinical-tria/
Liver disease is highly prevalent among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We evaluated the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin in subjects with T2DM and hepatic disorders.. ..Of the 7009 participants (56% white, 39% Asian), 574 had hepatic disorders, most commonly hepatic steatosis (60%). At week 24, adjusted mean ± standard error (SE) change in HbA1c from baseline in those with hepatic disorders was − …
Recurrence of major #depressive disorder and its predictors in the general population: results from The Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS)
https://2medical.news/2021/01/18/recurrence-of-major-depressive-disorder-and-its-predictors-in-the-general-population-results-from-the-netherlands-mental-health-survey-and-incidence-study-nemesis/
Knowledge of the risk of recurrence after recovery from major depressive disorder (MDD) in the general population is scarce. Method Data were derived from 687 subjects in the general population with a lifetime DSM-III-R diagnosis of MDD but without a current major depressive episode (MDE) or dysthymia. Participants had to be at least 6 months in remission, and were recruited from The Netherlands Mental Health …
#Coffee consumption and risk of #prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
https://2medical.news/2021/01/17/coffee-consumption-and-risk-of-prostate-cancer-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis/
To conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis of cohort studies to evaluate the association of coffee consumption with the risk of prostate cancer.. ..Sixteen prospective cohort studies were finally included, with 57 732 cases of prostate cancer and 1 081 586 total cohort members. Higher coffee consumption was significantly associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer. Compared with the lowest category of coffee consumption, the pooled relative …
Physiologically increased total #bilirubin is associated with reduced risk of first #myocardial infarction: A meta-analysis and dose-response analysis
https://2medical.news/2021/01/16/physiologically-increased-total-bilirubin-is-associated-with-reduced-risk-of-first-myocardial-infarction-a-meta-analysis-and-dose-response-analysis/
Bilirubin has potential predictive and prognostic value for myocardial infarction (MI), but the clinical evidence remains controversial. We performed this meta-analysis to systematically quantify the relationships between circulating bilirubin levels and the incidence of MI and post-MI adverse events. We searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science databases for ad-hoc studies, published up to October 17, 2020, recording bilirubin before MI (predictive …
Clinical Outcomes Associated With Left #Atrial Appendage Occlusion Versus Direct Oral #Anticoagulation in Atrial #Fibrillation
https://2medical.news/2021/01/15/clinical-outcomes-associated-with-left-atrial-appendage-occlusion-versus-direct-oral-anticoagulation-in-atrial-fibrillation/
This study sought to investigate clinical outcomes associated with left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) versus direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in patients with high-risk atrial fibrillation (AF).. ..Patients with AF enrolled in the Amulet Observational Registry (n = 1,088) who had successful LAAO with the Amplatzer Amulet device (n = 1,078) were compared with a propensity score–matched control cohort of incident AF patients (n = 1,184) …
Impact of Inappropriate #Antibiotic Therapy in Vancomycin-Resistant #Enterococcus Bacteremia
https://2medical.news/2021/01/14/impact-of-inappropriate-antibiotic-therapy-in-vancomycin-resistant-enterococcus-bacteremia/
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) bacteremia has significant morbidity and mortality. Empiric antibiotic regimens for treating patients with risk factors for multidrug-resistant organisms may not have medications directed at treating VRE.. ..The inpatient, 30-day, and 1-year mortality rates from VRE bacteremia were 23%, 31%, and 59%, respectively. Only 19% patients were discharged home. Inappropriate antibiotics were prescribed in 19% patients. Appropriate antibiotics were prescribed in 81% patients …
Anti-neutrophil properties of natural #gingerols in models of #lupus
https://2medical.news/2021/01/13/anti-neutrophil-properties-of-natural-gingerols-in-models-of-lupus/
Ginger is known to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects, and has traditionally been used as an herbal supplement in the treatment of various chronic diseases. Here, we report anti-neutrophil properties of 6-gingerol, the most abundant bioactive compound of ginger root, in models of lupus and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Specifically, we demonstrate that 6-gingerol attenuates neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) release in response to lupus- and APS-relevant …
Racial Disparities in Epigenetic Aging of the Right vs Left #Colon
https://2medical.news/2021/01/12/racial-disparities-in-epigenetic-aging-of-the-right-vs-left-colon/
There are well-documented racial differences in age-of-onset and laterality of colorectal cancer. Epigenetic age acceleration is postulated to be an underlying factor. However, comparative studies of side-specific colonic tissue epigenetic aging are lacking. Here, we performed DNA methylation analysis of matched right and left biopsies of normal colon from 128 individuals. Among African Americans (n = 88), the right colon showed accelerated epigenetic aging as compared to …
#Depression and increased risk of #Alzheimer’s #dementia: longitudinal analyses of modifiable risk and sex-related factors.
https://2medical.news/2021/01/11/depression-and-increased-risk-of-alzheimers-dementia-longitudinal-analyses-of-modifiable-risk-and-sex-related-factors/
Highlights •We investigated whether recent and/or remote depression was associated with increased risk of Alzheimer’s Dementia (AD) and whether this risk differed between men and women. •Recent depression was independently associated with increased risk of incident AD while remote depression was not. Recent depression was predictive of AD development in females, but not in males, while sex did not moderate recent depression-associated risk of developing …