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Every Day, 2Medical.News from the most Trusted Journals https://2medical.news Aldo Lorenzetti M.D, Internal Medicine & Hepatology, Milano - SIMEDET Delegate
Fecal #microbiota transplant overcomes resistance to anti–PD-1 therapy in #melanoma patients
https://2medical.news/2021/02/07/fecal-microbiota-transplant-overcomes-resistance-to-anti-pd-1-therapy-in-melanoma-patients/
Anti–programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) therapy provides long-term clinical benefits to patients with advanced melanoma. The composition of the gut microbiota correlates with anti–PD-1 efficacy in preclinical models and cancer patients. To investigate whether resistance to anti–PD-1 can be overcome by changing the gut microbiota, this clinical trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of responder-derived fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) together with anti–PD-1 in patients …
#COVID-19 Outcomes Among Persons Living With or Without Diagnosed #HIV Infection in New York State
https://2medical.news/2021/02/06/covid-19-outcomes-among-persons-living-with-or-without-diagnosed-hiv-infection-in-new-york-state/
New York State has been an epicenter for both the US coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and HIV/AIDS epidemics. Persons living with diagnosed HIV may be more prone to COVID-19 infection and severe outcomes, yet few studies have assessed this possibility at a population level.. ..A total of 2988 persons living with diagnosed HIV (2109 men [70.6%]; 2409 living in New York City [80.6%]; mean [SD] …
Screening for Asymptomatic #Carotid #Artery Stenosis Lack of Clinical Benefit, Potential for Harm
https://2medical.news/2021/02/05/screening-for-asymptomatic-carotid-artery-stenosis-lack-of-clinical-benefit-potential-for-harm/
In the Recommendation Statement published in this issue of JAMA,1 the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPTF) has reaffirmed its 2014 recommendation, stating that “The USPTF recommends against screening for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis in the general adult population (D recommendation),” based on evidence that the harms of screening for carotid artery stenosis in asymptomatic adults outweigh the benefits, with no new evidence that would …
Association of Medical #Stimulants With #Mortality in the US From 2010 to 2017
https://2medical.news/2021/02/04/association-of-medical-stimulants-with-mortality-in-the-us-from-2010-to-2017/
The role of nonopioids in the drug overdose epidemic in the US is frequently overshadowed. From 2015 to 2016, mortality rates involving cocaine and psychostimulants were smaller than opioids, but were rising faster than opioids.1 We examined individual substances listed on death certificates to better understand stimulant-associated mortality and assess rates over time. https://bit.ly/3oEgFbP
The Tailgate Study: Differing #metabolic effects of a bout of excessive #eating and #drinking
https://2medical.news/2021/02/03/the-tailgate-study-differing-metabolic-effects-of-a-bout-of-excessive-eating-and-drinking/
Excess energy intake by spectators at a sporting event (i.e., a tailgate) might cause acute negative health effects. However, limited data exist regarding the effects of overeating and alcohol consumption on lipid metabolism and the potential to gain intrahepatic triacylglycerols (IHTG). We tested the hypothesis that overconsumption of food and alcohol would significantly increase both hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and IHTG. Methods Eighteen males …
A Little #Autonomy Support Goes a Long Way: Daily Autonomy‐Supportive Parenting, Child Well‐Being, Parental Need Fulfillment, and Change in Child, Family, and Parent Adjustment Across the Adaptation to the #COVID‐19 Pandemic
https://2medical.news/2021/02/02/a-little-autonomy-support-goes-a-long-way-daily-autonomy%E2%80%90supportive-parenting-child-well%E2%80%90being-parental-need-fulfillment-and-change-in-child-family-and-parent-adjustment-across/
This study examined the effects of daily parental autonomy support on changes in child behavior, family environment, and parental well‐being across 3 weeks during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Germany. Day‐to‐day associations among autonomy‐supportive parenting, parental need fulfillment, and child well‐being were also assessed. Parents (longitudinal N = 469; Mage = 42.93, SDage = 6.40) of school children (6–19 years) reported on adjustment measures at two …
Individualizing Surveillance #Mammography for Older Patients After Treatment for Early-Stage #Breast Cancer Multidisciplinary Expert Panel and International Society of Geriatric Oncology Consensus Statement
https://2medical.news/2021/02/01/individualizing-surveillance-mammography-for-older-patients-after-treatment-for-early-stage-breast-cancer-multidisciplinary-expert-panel-and-international-society-of-geriatric-oncology-consensus-sta/
..After a literature review of the risk of ipsilateral and contralateral breast cancer events among breast cancer survivors and the harms and benefits associated with mammography, a multidisciplinary expert panel was convened to develop consensus guidelines on surveillance mammography for breast cancer survivors 75 years or older. Using an iterative consensus-based approach, input from clinician focus groups, and critical review by the International Society for …
Increased Risk of #Parkinson’s Disease in Patients With #Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
https://2medical.news/2021/01/31/increased-risk-of-parkinsons-disease-in-patients-with-schizophrenia-spectrum-disorders/
PD comorbid with schizophrenia has been considered rare because these diseases associate with opposite alterations in the brain dopamine system. The objective of this study was to investigate the risk of PD after a diagnosis of a schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Methods Regionally, this was a retrospective record‐based case–control study. The cohort included 3045 PD patients treated 2004–2019 in southwestern Finland. Nationally this was a nested …
A neurotransmitter produced by #gut bacteria modulates host sensory #behaviour
https://2medical.news/2021/01/30/a-neurotransmitter-produced-by-gut-bacteria-modulates-host-sensory-behaviour/
Animals coexist in commensal, pathogenic or mutualistic relationships with complex communities of diverse organisms, including microorganisms. Some bacteria produce bioactive neurotransmitters that have previously been proposed to modulate nervous system activity and behaviours of their hosts. However, the mechanistic basis of this microbiota–brain signalling and its physiological relevance are largely unknown. Here we show that in Caenorhabditis elegans, the neuromodulator tyramine produced by commensal Providencia …
2021 The Effect of Preconception-Initiated Low-Dose #Aspirin on Human Chorionic Gonadotropin–Detected Pregnancy, #Pregnancy Loss, and Live Birth
https://2medical.news/2021/01/29/2021-the-effect-of-preconception-initiated-low-dose-aspirin-on-human-chorionic-gonadotropin-detected-pregnancy-pregnancy-loss-and-live-birth/
A previous large randomized trial indicated that preconception-initiated low-dose aspirin (LDA) therapy did not have a positive effect on pregnancy outcomes. However, this trial was subject to nonadherence, which was not taken into account by the intention-to-treat approach.. ..Relative to placebo, adhering to LDA for 5 of 7 days per week led to 8 more hCG-detected pregnancies (95% CI, 4.64 to 10.96 pregnancies), 15 more …
Serum hepatitis B #core‐related antigen level stratifies risk of disease progression in chronic #hepatitis B patients with intermediate viral load
https://2medical.news/2021/01/28/serum-hepatitis-b-core%E2%80%90related-antigen-level-stratifies-risk-of-disease-progression-in-chronic-hepatitis-b-patients-with-intermediate-viral-load/
Patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are at risk of developing liver disease. Serum hepatitis B core‐related antigen (HBcrAg) is a new biomarker for intrahepatic templates for HBV replication.. ..A total of 1673 treatment‐naïve, non‐cirrhotic patients with negative hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level <40 U/L at baseline were enrolled. We explored the relationship between baseline levels of HBcrAg …
#Fried-food consumption and risk of #cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis of observational studies
https://2medical.news/2021/01/27/fried-food-consumption-and-risk-of-cardiovascular-disease-and-all-cause-mortality-a-meta-analysis-of-observational-studies/
We performed a meta-analysis, including dose–response analysis, to quantitatively determine the association of fried-food consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in the general adult population.. ..In comparing the highest with lowest fried-food intake, summary RRs (95% CIs) were 1.28 (1.15 to 1.43; n=17, I2=82.0%) for major cardiovascular events (prospective: 1.24 (1.12 to 1.38), n=13, I2=75.7%; case–control: 1.91 (1.15 to 3.17), n=4, I2=92.1%); …
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Repeated #Ketamine Administration for Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
https://2medical.news/2021/01/26/a-randomized-controlled-trial-of-repeated-ketamine-administration-for-chronic-posttraumatic-stress-disorder/
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic and disabling disorder, for which available pharmacotherapies have limited efficacy. The authors’ previous proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial of single-dose intravenous ketamine infusion in individuals with PTSD showed significant and rapid PTSD symptom reduction 24 hours postinfusion. The present study is the first randomized controlled trial to test the efficacy and safety of repeated intravenous ketamine infusions for the …
Association of Potent and Very Potent Topical #Corticosteroids and the Risk of #Osteoporosis and Major Osteoporotic Fractures
https://2medical.news/2021/01/25/association-of-potent-and-very-potent-topical-corticosteroids-and-the-risk-of-osteoporosis-and-major-osteoporotic-fractures/
Systemic and inhaled corticosteroids negatively affect bone remodeling and cause osteoporosis and bone fracture when given continuously or in high doses. However, risk of osteoporosis and major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) after application of topical corticosteroids (TCSs) is largely unexplored.. ..A total of 723 251 adults treated with the equivalent of at least 200 g of mometasone were included in the analysis (52.8% women; mean [SD] age, …
Efficacy and safety of #antidepressants for the treatment of back pain and #osteoarthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis
https://2medical.news/2021/01/24/efficacy-and-safety-of-antidepressants-for-the-treatment-of-back-pain-and-osteoarthritis-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis/
.. 33 trials (5318 participants) were included. Moderate certainty evidence showed that serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) reduced back pain (mean difference −5.30, 95% confidence interval −7.31 to −3.30) at 3-13 weeks and low certainty evidence that SNRIs reduced osteoarthritis pain (−9.72, −12.75 to −6.69) at 3-13 weeks. Very low certainty evidence showed that SNRIs reduced sciatica at two weeks or less (−18.60, −31.87 to −5.33) …
Relationship between afternoon #napping and #cognitive function in the ageing Chinese population
https://2medical.news/2021/02/06/relationship-between-afternoon-napping-and-cognitive-function-in-the-ageing-chinese-population-2/
Background Several studies have shown that afternoon napping promotes cognitive function in the elderly; on the other hand, some studies have shown opposite results. This current study further examined the relationship between afternoon napping and cognitive function in the ageing Chinese population. Methods A total of 2214 elderly were included (napping group: n=1534; non-napping group: n=680). They all received cognitive evaluations by the Beijing version …
#Adipose saturation reduces #lipotoxic systemic inflammation and explains the #obesity paradox
https://2medical.news/2021/02/05/adipose-saturation-reduces-lipotoxic-systemic-inflammation-and-explains-the-obesity-paradox/
Obesity sometimes seems protective in disease. This obesity paradox is predominantly described in reports from the Western Hemisphere during acute illnesses. Since adipose triglyceride composition corresponds to long-term dietary patterns, we performed a meta-analysis modeling the effect of obesity on severity of acute pancreatitis, in the context of dietary patterns of the countries from which the studies originated. Increased severity was noted in leaner populations …
Time-restricted #feeding normalizes hyperinsulinemia to inhibit #breast cancer in obese postmenopausal mouse models
https://2medical.news/2021/02/04/time-restricted-feeding-normalizes-hyperinsulinemia-to-inhibit-breast-cancer-in-obese-postmenopausal-mouse-models/
Accumulating evidence indicates that obesity with its associated metabolic dysregulation, including hyperinsulinemia and aberrant circadian rhythms, increases the risk for a variety of cancers including postmenopausal breast cancer. Caloric restriction can ameliorate the harmful metabolic effects of obesity and inhibit cancer progression but is difficult to implement and maintain outside of the clinic. In this study, we aim to test a time-restricted feeding (TRF) approach …
Increased #alcohol use during the #COVID-19 pandemic: The effect of mental health and age in a cross-sectional sample of social media users in the U.S.
https://2medical.news/2021/02/03/increased-alcohol-use-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-the-effect-of-mental-health-and-age-in-a-cross-sectional-sample-of-social-media-users-in-the-u-s/
The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered a public health crisis of unprecedented scale. Increased alcohol use has been extensively documented during other crises, particularly among persons with anxiety and depression. Despite COVID-19’s differential impact by age, the association of age, mental health and alcohol use during the pandemic has not been explored. This study aimed to examine whether age modified the association of anxiety and depressive …
Association between current medication use and progression of radiographic #knee #osteoarthritis: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative
https://2medical.news/2021/02/02/association-between-current-medication-use-and-progression-of-radiographic-knee-osteoarthritis-data-from-the-osteoarthritis-initiative/
Use of specific medications may accelerate the progression of radiographic knee osteoarthritis (RKOA). Our aim was to examine the effect of medication use on the progression of RKOA. Methods We used longitudinal data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI); an observational study of risk factors for knee OA. At baseline, we selected participants with RKOA (KL grade ≥2) and excluded those with a history of knee-related …
Incidence, Prevalence and Healthcare Outcomes in Idiopathic #Intracranial #Hypertension: A Population Study
https://2medical.news/2021/02/01/incidence-prevalence-and-healthcare-outcomes-in-idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension-a-population-study/
To characterise trends in incidence, prevalence, and healthcare outcomes in the idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) population in Wales using routinely collected healthcare data. Methods: We used and validated primary and secondary care IIH diagnosis codes within the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage databank, to ascertain IIH cases and controls, in a retrospective cohort study between 2003 and 2017. We recorded body mass index (BMI), deprivation quintile, …
#Stroke Incidence by Sex Across the Lifespan
https://2medical.news/2021/01/31/stroke-incidence-by-sex-across-the-lifespan/
We evaluated the influence of age on the association between sex and the incidence of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) using a population-based cohort from Ontario, Canada. Methods: We followed a cohort of adults (≥18 years) without prior stroke from January 1, 2003 (cohort start date) to March 31, 2018, to identify incident events. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs), in women compared to men, …
Are Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease at an Increased Risk of Developing #SARS-CoV-2 than Patients Without Inflammatory #Bowel Disease? Results From a Nationwide Veterans’ Affairs Cohort Study
https://2medical.news/2021/01/30/are-patients-with-inflammatory-bowel-disease-at-an-increased-risk-of-developing-sars-cov-2-than-patients-without-inflammatory-bowel-disease-results-from-a-nationwide-veterans-affairs-cohort-study/
The clinic course of SARS-CoV-2 among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been extensively studied. However, there is a paucity of data on whether patients with IBD have an increased risk of developing SARS-CoV-2 with compared with patients without IBD. METHODS: We conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study in the US Veterans’ Affairs healthcare system from January 1, 2020, to June 30, 2020. We …
Relationship between afternoon #napping and #cognitive function in the ageing Chinese population
https://2medical.news/2021/01/29/relationship-between-afternoon-napping-and-cognitive-function-in-the-ageing-chinese-population/
Several studies have shown that afternoon napping promotes cognitive function in the elderly; on the other hand, some studies have shown opposite results. This current study further examined the relationship between afternoon napping and cognitive function in the ageing Chinese population. Methods A total of 2214 elderly were included (napping group: n=1534; non-napping group: n=680). They all received cognitive evaluations by the Beijing version of …
The effects of #alcohol and #cannabis use on the cortical thickness of #cognitive control and salience brain networks in emerging adulthood: a cotwin control study
https://2medical.news/2021/01/28/the-effects-of-alcohol-and-cannabis-use-on-the-cortical-thickness-of-cognitive-control-and-salience-brain-networks-in-emerging-adulthood-a-cotwin-control-study/
Background Impairments in inhibitory control and its underlying brain networks (control/salience areas) are associated with substance misuse. Research often assumes a causal substance exposure effect on brain structure. This assumption remains largely untested and other factors (e.g., familial risk) may confound exposure effects. We leveraged a genetically-informative sample of 24-year-old twins and a quasi-experimental cotwin control design to separate alcohol or cannabis exposure effects during …
#Metformin Use Is Associated With Reduced Mortality in a Diverse Population With #COVID-19 and Diabetes
https://2medical.news/2021/01/27/metformin-use-is-associated-with-reduced-mortality-in-a-diverse-population-with-covid-19-and-diabetes/
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a growing pandemic with an increasing death toll that has been linked to various comorbidities as well as racial disparity. However, the specific characteristics of these at-risk populations are still not known and approaches to lower mortality are lacking.. ..The odds ratio of contracting COVID-19 was disproportionately high in Blacks/African-Americans (OR 2.6; 95% CI 2.19–3.10; p<0.0001) and in subjects with obesity …
Longitudinal Associations of Midlife Accelerometer Determined #Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity With #Cognitive Function: The CARDIA Study
https://2medical.news/2021/01/26/longitudinal-associations-of-midlife-accelerometer-determined-sedentary-behavior-and-physical-activity-with-cognitive-function-the-cardia-study/
To determine if accelerometer measured sedentary behavior (SED), light‐intensity physical activity (LPA), and moderate‐to‐vigorous–intensity physical activity (MVPA) in midlife is prospectively associated with cognitive function. Participants were 1970 adults enrolled in the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study who wore an accelerometer in 2005 to 2006 (ages 38–50 years) and had cognitive function assessments completed 5 and/or 10 years later. SED, LPA, …
State-dependent responses to intracranial brain stimulation in a patient with #depression
https://2medical.news/2021/01/25/state-dependent-responses-to-intracranial-brain-stimulation-in-a-patient-with-depression/
Deep brain stimulation is a promising treatment for severe depression, but lack of efficacy in randomized trials raises questions regarding anatomical targeting. We implanted multi-site intracranial electrodes in a severely depressed patient and systematically assessed the acute response to focal electrical neuromodulation. We found an elaborate repertoire of distinctive emotional responses that were rapid in onset, reproducible, and context and state dependent. Results provide proof …
#Antioxidants: Positive or Negative Actors?
https://2medical.news/2021/01/24/antioxidants-positive-or-negative-actors/
The term “antioxidant” is one of the most confusing definitions in biological/medical sciences. In chemistry, “antioxidant” is simply conceived “a compound that removes reactive species, mainly those oxygen-derived”, while in a cell context, the conceptual definition of an antioxidant is poorly understood. Indeed, non-clinically recommended antioxidants are often consumed in large amounts by the global population, based on the belief that cancer, inflammation and degenerative …
EUGLYCEMIC DIABETIC #KETOACIDOSIS WITH #COVID-19 INFECTION IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES TAKING #SGLT2 INHIBITORS
https://2medical.news/2021/01/23/euglycemic-diabetic-ketoacidosis-with-covid-19-infection-in-patients-with-type-2-diabetes-taking-sglt2-inhibitors/
Diabetes mellitus is associated with poor outcomes in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has also been reported to occur with this virus. A cluster of cases of euglycemic DKA (euDKA) was identified in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) who developed SARS-CoV-2 infection.. ..Five cases of euDKA, presenting with glucose levels <300 mg/dL, were …