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Every Day, 2Medical.News from the most Trusted Journals https://2medical.news Aldo Lorenzetti M.D, Internal Medicine & Hepatology, Milano - SIMEDET Delegate
#Hydrating the respiratory tract: an alternative explanation why masks lower severity of #COVID-19
https://2medical.news/2021/02/22/hydrating-the-respiratory-tract-an-alternative-explanation-why-masks-lower-severity-of-covid-19/
The seasonality of respiratory diseases has been linked, among other factors, to low outdoor absolute humidity and low indoor relative humidity, which increase evaporation of water in the mucosal lining of the respiratory tract. We demonstrate that normal breathing results in an absorption-desorption cycle inside facemasks, in which supersaturated air is absorbed by the mask fibers during expiration, followed by evaporation during inspiration of dry …
Early peripheral activity alters nascent subplate circuits in the #auditory cortex
https://2medical.news/2021/02/21/early-peripheral-activity-alters-nascent-subplate-circuits-in-the-auditory-cortex/
Cortical function can be shaped by sensory experience during a critical period. The onset of the critical period is thought to coincide with the onset of thalamocortical transmission to the thalamo-recipient layer 4 (L4). In early development, subplate neurons (SPNs), and not L4 neurons, are the first targets of thalamic afferents. SPNs are transiently involved in early development and are largely eliminated during development. Activation …
#Pain and fatigue are longitudinally and bi-directionally associated with more #sedentary time and less standing time in #rheumatoid arthritis
https://2medical.news/2021/02/19/pain-and-fatigue-are-longitudinally-and-bi-directionally-associated-with-more-sedentary-time-and-less-standing-time-in-rheumatoid-arthritis/
The aims of this study were to examine the longitudinal and bi-directional associations of pain and fatigue with sedentary, standing and stepping time in RA. Methods People living with RA undertook identical assessments at baseline (T1, n = 104) and 6-month follow-up (T2, n = 54). Participants completed physical measures (e.g. height, weight, BMI) and routine clinical assessments to characterize RA disease activity (DAS-28). Participants also completed questionnaires to …
Post-traumatic growth during the #COVID-19 pandemic in carers of children in Portugal and the UK: cross-sectional online survey
https://2medical.news/2021/02/19/post-traumatic-growth-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-in-carers-of-children-in-portugal-and-the-uk-cross-sectional-online-survey/
Although the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health have attracted interest, little attention has focused on its positive effects and possible post-traumatic growth. Aims To assess anxiety, well-being and post-traumatic growth in carers of children aged 6–16 years in Portugal and the UK. Method A cross-sectional online survey of volunteers conducted at the peak of the first wave of COVID-19 during lockdown …
Effect of High-Intensity Strength #Training on #Knee Pain and Knee Joint Compressive Forces Among Adults With Knee #Osteoarthritis
https://2medical.news/2021/02/18/effect-of-high-intensity-strength-training-on-knee-pain-and-knee-joint-compressive-forces-among-adults-with-knee-osteoarthritis/
Thigh muscle weakness is associated with knee discomfort and osteoarthritis disease progression. Little is known about the efficacy of high-intensity strength training in patients with knee osteoarthritis or whether it may worsen knee symptoms. Objective To determine whether high-intensity strength training reduces knee pain and knee joint compressive forces more than low-intensity strength training and more than attention control in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Design, …
#SARS-CoV-2 infection is effectively treated and prevented by EIDD-2801
https://2medical.news/2021/02/17/sars-cov-2-infection-is-effectively-treated-and-prevented-by-eidd-2801/
All known recently emerged human coronaviruses probably originated in bats1. Here we used a single experimental platform based on human lung-only mice (LoM) to demonstrate efficient in vivo replication of all recently emerged human coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2) and two highly relevant endogenous pre-pandemic SARS-like bat coronaviruses. Virus replication in this model occurs in bona fide human lung tissue and does not require any …
An integrative study of five biological #clocks in somatic and mental #health
https://2medical.news/2021/02/16/an-integrative-study-of-five-biological-clocks-in-somatic-and-mental-health/
Biological clocks have been developed at different molecular levels and were found to be more advanced in the presence of somatic illness and mental disorders. However, it is unclear whether different biological clocks reflect similar aging processes and determinants. In ~3000 subjects, we examined whether five biological clocks (telomere length, epigenetic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic clocks) were interrelated and associated to somatic and mental health …
#Ticagrelor Added to #Aspirin in Acute Ischemic #Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack in Prevention of Disabling Stroke A Randomized Clinical Trial
https://2medical.news/2021/02/15/ticagrelor-added-to-aspirin-in-acute-ischemic-stroke-or-transient-ischemic-attack-in-prevention-of-disabling-stroke-a-randomized-clinical-trial-2/
Reduction of subsequent disabling stroke is the main goal of preventive treatment in the acute setting after transient ischemic attack (TIA) or minor ischemic stroke. Objective To evaluate the superiority of ticagrelor added to aspirin in preventing disabling stroke and to understand the factors associated with recurrent disabling stroke. Design, Setting, and Participants The Acute Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack Treated With Ticagrelor and Aspirin …
Quantifying asymptomatic infection and transmission of #COVID-19 in New York City using observed cases, serology, and testing capacity
https://2medical.news/2021/02/14/quantifying-asymptomatic-infection-and-transmission-of-covid-19-in-new-york-city-using-observed-cases-serology-and-testing-capacity/
The contributions of asymptomatic infections to herd immunity and community transmission are key to the resurgence and control of COVID-19, but are difficult to estimate using current models that ignore changes in testing capacity. Using a model that incorporates daily testing information fit to the case and serology data from New York City, we show that the proportion of symptomatic cases is low, ranging from …
Once-Weekly #Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or #Obesity
https://2medical.news/2021/02/13/once-weekly-semaglutide-in-adults-with-overweight-or-obesity/
Obesity is a global health challenge with few pharmacologic options. Whether adults with obesity can achieve weight loss with once-weekly semaglutide at a dose of 2.4 mg as an adjunct to lifestyle intervention has not been confirmed. METHODS In this double-blind trial, we enrolled 1961 adults with a body-mass index (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) of 30 …
Incorporating Baseline Breast #Density When Screening Women at Average Risk for #Breast Cancer
https://2medical.news/2021/02/12/incorporating-baseline-breast-density-when-screening-women-at-average-risk-for-breast-cancer/
..Intervention: No screening; biennial or triennial mammography from age 50 to 75 years; annual mammography from age 50 to 75 years for women with dense breasts at age 50 years and biennial or triennial mammography from age 50 to 75 years for those without dense breasts at age 50 years; and annual mammography at age 40 to 75 years for women with dense breasts at …
Risk of Progression to #Diabetes Among Older Adults With Prediabetes
https://2medical.news/2021/02/11/risk-of-progression-to-diabetes-among-older-adults-with-prediabetes/
..Prediabetes defined by a glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level of 5.7% to 6.4%, impaired fasting glucose (IFG) level (FG level of 100-125 mg/dL), either, or both. Main Outcomes and Measures Incident total diabetes (physician diagnosis, glucose-lowering medication use, HbA1c level ≥6.5%, or FG level ≥126 mg/dL). Results A total of 3412 participants without diabetes (mean [SD] age, 75.6 [5.2] years; 2040 [60%] female; and 572 [17%] …
#Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose Induces Antitumor Immunity and Cytotoxicity in #Liver Tumors in Mice
https://2medical.news/2021/02/10/nanoparticle-mediated-delivery-of-2-deoxy-d-glucose-induces-antitumor-immunity-and-cytotoxicity-in-liver-tumors-in-mice/
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shed light on the importance of antitumor immunity as a therapeutic strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The altered glucose metabolism known as the Warburg effect recently has gained attention as a cancer immune-resistance mechanism. Considering glycolysis inhibitors as therapeutic agents, their specific delivery to cancer cells is critical not to induce adverse effects. Thus, we investigated antitumor effects of a glycolysis …
Incidence of adverse #cardiovascular events in type 2 #diabetes mellitus patients after initiation of glucose‐lowering agents: A population‐based community study from the Shizuoka Kokuho database
https://2medical.news/2021/02/09/incidence-of-adverse-cardiovascular-events-in-type-2-diabetes-mellitus-patients-after-initiation-of-glucose%E2%80%90lowering-agents-a-population%E2%80%90based-community-study-from-the-shizuoka-koku/
Increased incidence of hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) among patients with diabetes is increasingly being reported. We investigated the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events including HHF among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the potential clinical improvement with sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) using a contemporary administrative claims database from a large governmental district of Japan. We included initiators of any oral glucose‐lowering drugs …
Association of Glycolysis-Enhancing α-1 Blockers With Risk of Developing #Parkinson Disease
https://2medical.news/2021/02/08/association-of-glycolysis-enhancing-%CE%B1-1-blockers-with-risk-of-developing-parkinson-disease/
Parkinson disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease. A treatment that prevents or delays development of PD is a critical unmet need. Terazosin and closely related drugs were recently discovered to enhance glycolysis and reduce PD progression in animal models and human clinical databases.. ..A cohort of 52 365 propensity score–matched pairs of terazosin/doxazosin/alfuzosin and tamsulosin users were identified in the Danish registries, of which all …
Association of #Gastric Bypass Surgery With Risk of Developing #Diabetic #Retinopathy Among Patients With #Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes in Sweden
https://2medical.news/2021/02/21/association-of-gastric-bypass-surgery-with-risk-of-developing-diabetic-retinopathy-among-patients-with-obesity-and-type-2-diabetes-in-sweden/
Knowledge of the incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) after gastric bypass surgery (GBP) in patients with obesity and diabetes could guide the management of these patients. Objective To investigate the incidence of diabetic ocular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes after GBP compared with the incidence of diabetic ocular complications in a matched cohort of patients with obesity and diabetes who have …
NAD+ depletion by type I interferon signaling sensitizes #pancreatic cancer cells to NAMPT inhibition
https://2medical.news/2021/02/20/nad-depletion-by-type-i-interferon-signaling-sensitizes-pancreatic-cancer-cells-to-nampt-inhibition/
Emerging evidence suggests that intratumoral interferon (IFN) signaling can trigger targetable vulnerabilities. A hallmark of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is its extensively reprogrammed metabolic network, in which nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and its reduced form, NADH, are critical cofactors. Here, we show that IFN signaling, present in a subset of PDAC tumors, substantially lowers NAD(H) levels through up-regulating the expression of NAD-consuming enzymes PARP9, PARP10, …
Evaluation of Optimal #Diastolic Blood #Pressure Range Among Adults With Treated Systolic Blood Pressure Less Than 130 mm Hg
https://2medical.news/2021/02/19/evaluation-of-optimal-diastolic-blood-pressure-range-among-adults-with-treated-systolic-blood-pressure-less-than-130-mm-hg/
Extremely low diastolic blood pressure has been reported to be associated with increased adverse cardiovascular events (ie, the diastolic J-shape phenomenon); however, current US guidelines recommend an intensive blood pressure target of less than 130/80 mm Hg without mentioning the lower limits of diastolic blood pressure. Objectives To evaluate whether there is a diastolic J-shape phenomenon for patients with an treated systolic blood pressure of …
#mRNA vaccine-elicited antibodies to #SARS-CoV-2 and circulating variants
https://2medical.news/2021/02/18/mrna-vaccine-elicited-antibodies-to-sars-cov-2-and-circulating-variants/
Here we report on the antibody and memory B cell responses in a cohort of 20 volunteers who received either the Moderna (mRNA-1273) or Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) vaccines1–4. Eight weeks after the second vaccine injection volunteers showed high levels of IgM, and IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S) and receptor binding domain (RBD) binding titers. Moreover, the plasma neutralizing activity, and the relative numbers of RBD-specific memory …
Calculated indices of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhalation for #lung #cancer screening and early detection
https://2medical.news/2021/02/17/calculated-indices-of-volatile-organic-compounds-vocs-in-exhalation-for-lung-cancer-screening-and-early-detection/
Breath analysis is a promising noninvasive technique that offers a wide range of opportunities to facilitate early diagnosis of lung cancer (LC). Method Exhaled breath samples of 352 subjects including 160 with lung cancer (LC), 70 with benign pulmonary nodule (BPN) and 122 healthy controls (HC) were analyzed through thermal desorption coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC–MS) to obtain the metabolic information from volatile organic …
#Antibiotic exposure during pregnancy and childhood #asthma: a national birth cohort study investigating timing of exposure and mode of delivery
https://2medical.news/2021/02/16/antibiotic-exposure-during-pregnancy-and-childhood-asthma-a-national-birth-cohort-study-investigating-timing-of-exposure-and-mode-of-delivery/
…A total of 5522 (17%) children were born to mothers exposed to antibiotics during pregnancy. In adjusted analyses, children born to exposed mothers had higher odds of asthma (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.24). There was no association with antibiotic exposure in the first trimester (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.26), but higher odds were observed for antibiotic exposure in the second to …
Risk of #Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Relation to #Depression and 14 Common Risk Factors
https://2medical.news/2021/02/15/risk-of-cardiovascular-disease-mortality-in-relation-to-depression-and-14-common-risk-factors/
Depression has been linked to a worse prognosis of Cardiovascular disease (CVD), and these two diseases share a variety of common risk factors such as unhealthy lifestyles and chronic medical conditions. However, the potential role of these common risk factors in modulating the association between depression and CVD mortality and whether the co-occurrence of depression and a specific common risk factor has a cumulative impact …
Long-term risk of #stroke and myocardial #infarction in middle-aged men with a #hypertensive response to exercise: a 44-year follow-up study
https://2medical.news/2021/02/14/long-term-risk-of-stroke-and-myocardial-infarction-in-middle-aged-men-with-a-hypertensive-response-to-exercise-a-44-year-follow-up-study/
Data on the prognostic value of hypertensive response to exercise in cardiovascular disease are limited. The aim was to determine whether SBP reactions during exercise have any prognostic value in relation to the long-term risk of stroke and myocardial infarction (MI). Patients and methods: A representative cohort of men from Gothenburg, Sweden, born in 1913, who performed a maximum exercise test at age 54 years, …
Post-traumatic stress disorder ( #PTSD ) in mid-age and older adults differs by immigrant status and ethnicity, #nutrition, and other determinants of health in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA)
https://2medical.news/2021/02/13/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd-in-mid-age-and-older-adults-differs-by-immigrant-status-and-ethnicity-nutrition-and-other-determinants-of-health-in-the-canadian-longitudinal-study-on-aging/
This study aimed to address knowledge gaps about post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in mid-age and older adults, with particular attention to the relationship of PTSD with nutrition and with ethnicity and immigrant status. Methods Binary logistic regression analysis of weighted comprehensive cohort data from the baseline Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA; n = 27,211) was conducted using the four-item Primary Care-PTSD tool (outcome) and immigrant status …
Effects of two personalized #dietary strategies during a 2‐year intervention in subjects with nonalcoholic #fatty #liver disease: a randomized trial
https://2medical.news/2021/02/12/effects-of-two-personalized-dietary-strategies-during-a-2%E2%80%90year-intervention-in-subjects-with-nonalcoholic-fatty-liver-disease-a-randomized-trial/
Background and objectives Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) management is focused on lifestyle modifications, but long‐term maintenance is a challenge for many individuals. This study aimed to evaluate the long‐term effects of two personalized energy‐restricted dietary strategies on weight loss, metabolic and hepatic outcomes in overweight/obese subjects with NAFLD. Methods Ninety‐eight subjects from the Fatty Liver in Obesity (FLiO) study (NCT03183193) were randomly assigned to …
Decline in Covid-19 Hospitalisation Growth Associated With Statewide Mask Mandates
https://2medical.news/2021/02/11/decline-in-covid-19-hospitalisation-growth-associated-with-statewide-mask-mandates/
What is already known about this topic? Wearing masks is recommended to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. What is added by this report? During March 22–October 17, 2020, 10 sites participating in the COVID-19–Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network in states with statewide mask mandates reported a decline in weekly COVID-19–associated hospitalization growth rates by up to 5.5 percentage points for adults aged 18–64 years after mandate …
#Ovarian cancer risk in relation to blood #lipid levels and hyperlipidemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational epidemiologic studies
https://2medical.news/2021/02/10/ovarian-cancer-risk-in-relation-to-blood-lipid-levels-and-hyperlipidemia-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis-of-observational-epidemiologic-studies/
Epidemiologic evidence regarding association of ovarian cancer risk with blood lipid level and hyperlipidemia is inconsistent. We aimed to synthesize available epidemiologic studies to disentangle associations of cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and hyperlipidemia with ovarian cancer risk. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science for eligible studies. A random-effects model was applied for synthesis. Heterogeneity was evaluated by …
Finger Joint #Cartilage Evaluated by Semiquantitative #Ultrasound Score in Patients With #Rheumatoid Arthritis
https://2medical.news/2021/02/09/finger-joint-cartilage-evaluated-by-semiquantitative-ultrasound-score-in-patients-with-rheumatoid-arthritis/
Joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) includes both bone and cartilage lesions. Since joint space narrowing (JSN) is not a direct evaluation of cartilage using radiography, we aimed to examine the validity of ultrasound (US) cartilage evaluation using a semiquantitative method in patients with RA. Methods We enrolled 103 patients with RA who were in remission or showing low disease activity and 42 healthy subjects. …
Drug-specific and dosage effects of #statins and the risk of #cancer: a population-based cohort study in South Korea
https://2medical.news/2021/02/08/drug-specific-and-dosage-effects-of-statins-and-the-risk-of-cancer-a-population-based-cohort-study-in-south-korea/
This study aimed to investigate whether the drug-specific and dosage effects of statin use were associated with a lower risk of cancer in adults in South Korea. We evaluated the adult population registered in the 2010 sample cohort database of South Korea. Subjects were divided into the statin group (those who had been prescribed continuous oral statin over 1 year) and the control group (those …
#Plasma tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in hospitalized #COVID-19 patients
https://2medical.news/2021/02/07/plasma-tissue-plasminogen-activator-and-plasminogen-activator-inhibitor-1-in-hospitalized-covid-19-patients/
Patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) are at high risk for thrombotic arterial and venous occlusions. However, bleeding complications have also been observed in some patients. Understanding the balance between coagulation and fibrinolysis will help inform optimal approaches to thrombosis prophylaxis and potential utility of fibrinolytic-targeted therapies. 118 hospitalized COVID-19 patients and 30 healthy controls were included in the study. We measured plasma antigen levels of …