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Pemphigus Vulgaris: Mnemonic
⭐Mnemonic: "PEMPHIGUS"⭐
❤️ P - Painful blisters
- ⭐Painful blisters⭐: Flaccid, easily ruptured blisters.
❤️ E - Erosions
- ⭐Erosions⭐: Raw, painful areas after blister rupture.
❤️ M - Mucosal involvement
- ⭐Mucosal involvement⭐: Oral lesions often first sign.
❤️ P - Positive Nikolsky's sign
- ⭐Positive Nikolsky's sign⭐: Outer skin sloughs off with pressure.
❤️ H - Histology
- ⭐Histology⭐: Shows acantholysis.
❤️ I - Immunofluorescence
- ⭐Immunofluorescence⭐: IgG and C3 in fishnet pattern.
❤️ G - Generalized distribution
- ⭐Generalized distribution⭐: Lesions spread over large areas.
❤️ U - Ulcers
- ⭐Ulcers⭐: Formed after blister rupture, especially in mucosal areas.
❤️ S - Steroids
- ⭐Steroids⭐: Main treatment.
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🏅Mnemonic: "MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME"
❤️ Mnemonic Summary List:
1. ⭐M - Marrow findings (ringed sideroblasts, pawn ball megakaryocytes, Pseudo Pelger Huet cells)⭐
2. ⭐Y - Years (primary MDS usually after 50 years of age)⭐
3. ⭐E - Erythroid cells (ringed sideroblasts)⭐
4. ⭐L - Leukemic transformation (risk of progression to AML)⭐
5. ⭐O - Older adults (primarily affected population)⭐
6. ⭐D - Deletion of chromosome 5 (adult MDS)⭐
7. ⭐Y - Young patients (secondary MDS in children with monosomy 7)⭐
8. ⭐S - Secondary MDS (2-8 years after initial presentation, may transform to AML)⭐
9. ⭐P - Peripheral smear (Pseudo Pelger Huet cells, giant platelets, anisopoikilocytosis)⭐
10. ⭐L - Long arm of chromosome 5 (deletion in adult MDS)⭐
11. ⭐A - Anisopoikilocytosis (variation in RBC shape and size)⭐
12. ⭐S - Sideroblasts (ringed, seen in bone marrow)⭐
13. ⭐T - Types of MDS (primary and secondary)⭐
14. ⭐I - Ineffective hematopoiesis (characteristic feature)⭐
15. ⭐C - Clonal stem cell disorder (origin of MDS)⭐
16. ⭐S - Sideroblasts, ringed (abnormal erythroid cells in marrow)⭐
17. ⭐Y - Years (secondary MDS may transform to AML within 2-8 years)⭐
18. ⭐N - Neutrophils (Dohle bodies, Pseudo Pelger Huet cells in marrow)⭐
19. ⭐D - Dohle bodies (abnormal neutrophils in bone marrow)⭐
20. ⭐R - Risk of development into AML (increased)⭐
21. ⭐O - Outcome (prognosis often poor)⭐
22. ⭐M - Megakaryocytes (pawn ball megakaryocytes in bone marrow)⭐
23. ⭐E - Effective treatment (hematopoietic stem cell transplant)⭐
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Calcinosis Cutis
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Ques. A 41-year-old woman with a history of overlap syndrome involving limited systemic sclerosis and dermatomyositis presents with a new symptom: the development of subcutaneous hard lumps over her buttocks and elbows. These lumps appeared a year after her initial diagnosis and have progressively worsened over time. Considering her medical history and the nature of these lumps, what is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Molluscum Contagiosum - a viral infection causing small, raised, pearly or flesh-colored bumps on the skin.
B. Cutaneous Mycetoma - a chronic granulomatous infectious disease of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, often presenting with nodules and draining sinuses.
C. Calcinosis Cutis - a condition characterized by the deposition of calcium salts in the skin and subcutaneous tissues
D. Osteoma Cutis - a rare condition
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