CoTracker: It is Better to Track Together
The CoTracker paper proposes a groundbreaking approach that takes video motion prediction to the next level. Traditional methods have often been limited, either tracking the motion of all points in a frame collectively using optical flow, or tracking individual points through a video. These approaches tend to overlook the crucial interrelationships between multiple points, especially when they're part of the same physical object. CoTracker flips the script by employing a transformer-based architecture to jointly track multiple points throughout a video, effectively modeling the correlations between different points in time.
What really sets CoTracker apart is its versatility and adaptability. It's engineered to handle extremely long videos through a unique sliding-window mechanism, and iteratively updates estimates for multiple trajectories. The system even allows for the addition of new tracking points on-the-fly, offering unmatched flexibility. CoTracker outshines state-of-the-art methods in nearly all benchmark tests.
Paper link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.07635
Code link: https://github.com/facebookresearch/co-tracker
Project link: https://co-tracker.github.io/
A detailed unofficial overview of the paper:
https://andlukyane.com/blog/paper-review-cotracker
#deeplearning #cv #objecttracking
OBELISC: An Open Web-Scale Filtered Dataset of Interleaved Image-Text Documents
The OBELICS dataset is a game-changer in the world of machine learning and AI! Unlike existing closed-source datasets, OBELICS is a vast, open-source, web-scale dataset specially curated for training large multimodal models. Boasting 141 million web pages from Common Crawl, 353 million high-quality images, and an impressive 115 billion text tokens, OBELICS sets a new standard in the richness and diversity of training data.
But it's not just about the numbers; it's about results. To prove its mettle, models with 9 and 80 billion parameters were trained on OBELICS, showcasing competitive performance across various multimodal benchmarks. Named IDEFICS, these models outperformed or matched their closed-source counterparts, proving that OBELICS isn't just a theoretical concept—it's a practical, high-impact alternative.
Paper link: https://huggingface.co/papers/2306.16527
Model card link: https://huggingface.co/HuggingFaceM4/idefics-80b-instruct
Blogpost link: https://huggingface.co/blog/idefics
A detailed unofficial overview of the paper:
https://andlukyane.com/blog/paper-review-obelisc
#deeplearning #cv #nlp #largelanguagemodel #opensource
☄️Dataset Quantization
DQ is able to generate condensed small datasets for training unseen network architectures with state-of-the-art compression ratios for lossless model training.
Квантование наборов данных (DQ) - новая схема сжатия больших наборов данных в небольшие сабсеты, которые могут быть использованы для обучения любых нейросетевых архитектур.git clone https://github.com/vimar-gu/DQ.git
cd DQ
🖥 Github: https://github.com/magic-research/dataset_quantization
📕 Paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.10524v1
☑️ Dataset: https://paperswithcode.com/dataset/gsm8k
ai_machinelearning_big_data
LISA: Reasoning Segmentation via Large Language Model
The field of image segmentation has taken a leap forward with the introduction of LISA (Large Language Instructed Segmentation Assistant). This cutting-edge model excels at "reasoning segmentation," a novel task that generates segmentation masks from complex and implicit text queries. Building upon the capabilities of multi-modal Large Language Models, LISA expands its vocabulary with a <SEG> token and introduces an innovative "embedding-as-mask" paradigm to achieve this feat. Notably, the model is adept at intricate reasoning, utilizes world knowledge, offers explanatory answers, and can handle multi-turn conversations.
What's astonishing about LISA is its robust zero-shot learning abilities. Even when trained on datasets that lack reasoning-based tasks, LISA performs impressively well. Moreover, when fine-tuned with just 239 specific reasoning segmentation image-instruction pairs, the model's performance is further enhanced.
Paper link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.00692
Code link: https://github.com/dvlab-research/LISA
A detailed unofficial overview of the paper:
https://andlukyane.com/blog/paper-review-lisa
#deeplearning #cv #nlp #imagesegmentation #largelanguagemodel
FastViT: A Fast Hybrid Vision Transformer using Structural Reparameterization
The fusion of transformer and convolutional architectures has ushered in a new era of enhanced model accuracy and efficiency, and FastViT is at the forefront of this revolution. This novel hybrid vision transformer architecture boasts an impressive latency-accuracy trade-off, setting new benchmarks in the field. Key to its success is the RepMixer, an innovative token mixing operator that utilizes structural reparameterization to slash memory access costs by doing away with traditional skip-connections.
In practical terms, FastViT's prowess is undeniable. Not only is it a staggering 3.5x faster than CMT on mobile devices for ImageNet accuracy, but it also leaves EfficientNet and ConvNeXt trailing in its wake, being 4.9x and 1.9x faster respectively. Additionally, when pitted against MobileOne at a similar latency, FastViT emerges triumphant with a 4.2% superior Top-1 accuracy. Across a spectrum of tasks, from image classification and detection to segmentation and 3D mesh regression, FastViT consistently outshines its competitors, showcasing both remarkable speed and robustness against out-of-distribution samples and corruptions.
Paper link: https://huggingface.co/papers/2303.14189
Code link: https://github.com/apple/ml-fastvit
A detailed unofficial overview of the paper:
https://andlukyane.com/blog/paper-review-fastvit
#deeplearning #cv
Open Problems and Fundamental Limitations of Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback
Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF), the key method for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs), is placed under the microscope in this paper. While recognizing RLHF's central role in aligning AI systems with human goals, the authors boldly tackle the uncharted territory of its flaws and limitations. They not only dissect open problems and the core challenges but also map out pioneering techniques to augment RLHF. This insightful work culminates in proposing practical standards for societal oversight, marking a critical step towards a multi-dimensional and responsible approach to the future of safer AI systems.
Paper link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.15217
A detailed unofficial overview of the paper:
https://andlukyane.com/blog/paper-review-rlhf-overview
#deeplearning #nlp #llm #rlhf
UniversalNER: Targeted Distillation from Large Language Models for Open Named Entity Recognition
The landscape of large language models (LLMs) has just been enhanced with the introduction of UniversalNER, a groundbreaking innovation using targeted distillation with mission-focused instruction tuning. The researchers managed to distill ChatGPT into more cost-efficient UniversalNER models without losing the quality of named entity recognition (NER). The study showcases how UniversalNER excels across an impressive array of 43 datasets in 9 diverse domains, outperforming other models like Alpaca and Vicuna by over 30 absolute F1 points on average.
What sets UniversalNER apart is its ability to acquire the capabilities of ChatGPT while having only a fraction of the parameters. It not only recognizes arbitrary entity types but even surpasses ChatGPT's NER accuracy by 7-9 absolute F1 points. Most remarkably, without any direct supervision, it manages to outclass even state-of-the-art multi-task systems like InstructUIE. This achievement is poised to be a game-changer in the field of NLP, offering a potent combination of efficiency and accuracy.
Paper link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.03279
Project link: https://universal-ner.github.io/
A detailed unofficial overview of the paper:
https://andlukyane.com/blog/paper-review-universalner
#deeplearning #nlp #llm #ner
AI Index: An opportunity for AI development
The National Centre for the Development of Artificial Intelligence has launched a nationwide study to determine the index of readiness of domestic organizations to implement artificial intelligence.
The AI Readiness Index will be calculated on several application areas: the use of AI in organizations, the level of maturity of infrastructure and data management, the availability of human resources and existing competencies, as well as a number of other areas that will show the availability of AI technologies for businesses.
The study is being conducted until 31 August 2023 and is confidential, the results in aggregated form will be posted on the National AI Portal: https://ai.gov.ru/.
At the moment, many SME companies do not have sufficient capabilities to implement AI. This study will help to influence support measures for businesses. We cannot claim that this study will make AI implementation available to all companies, but it is an opportunity to give an impetus to the strengthening and development of state support in the industry. Each of us can contribute to the common cause of AI development in Russia by taking the survey and participating in the research.
Here is the link: https://aibe.wciom.ru/.
Skeleton-of-Thought: Large Language Models Can Do Parallel Decoding
In an effort to tackle the generation latency of large language models (LLMs), a new approach Skeleton-of-Thought (SoT) has been developed. Motivated by human thinking and writing processes, SoT guides LLMs to generate the "skeleton" of an answer first and then fills in the content in parallel. The result is a remarkable speed-up of up to 2.39x across 11 different LLMs without losing the integrity of sequential decoding.
What sets SoT apart is its potential to improve answer quality in terms of diversity and relevance, shedding light on an exciting avenue in AI. As an initial attempt at data-centric optimization for efficiency, SoT showcases the fascinating possibility of having machines that can think more like humans.
Paper link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.15337
A detailed unofficial overview of the paper:
https://andlukyane.com/blog/paper-review-sot
#deeplearning #nlp #llm
🦩 OpenFlamingo: An Open-Source Framework for Training Large Autoregressive Vision-Language Models
An open-source framework for training large multimodal models.
OpenFlamingo - семейство авторегрессионных моделей для обучения LMM в стиле Flamingo с параметрами от 3B до 9B.
OpenFlamingo можно использовать для создания подписи к изображению или для создания тейзисов на основе изображения. Преимуществом такого подхода является возможность быстрой адаптации к новым задачам с помощью внутриконтекстного обучения.pip install open-flamingo
🖥 Github: https://github.com/mlfoundations/open_flamingo
📕 Paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.01390
⭐️ Demo: https://huggingface.co/spaces/openflamingo/OpenFlamingo
☑️ Dataset: https://paperswithcode.com/dataset/flickr30k
ai_machinelearning_big_data
Open Problems and Fundamental Limitations of Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback
In the paper, the authors
- survey open problems and fundamental limitations of RLHF and related methods;
- overview techniques to understand, improve, and complement RLHF in practice; and
- propose auditing and disclosure standards to improve societal oversight of RLHF systems.
TabR: Unlocking the Power of Retrieval-Augmented Tabular Deep Learning
The deep learning arena is abuzz with the rise of models designed for tabular data problems, challenging the traditional dominance of gradient-boosted decision trees (GBDT) algorithms. Among these, retrieval-augmented tabular DL models, which gather relevant training data like nearest neighbors for better prediction, are gaining traction. However, these novel models have only shown marginal benefits over properly tuned retrieval-free baselines, sparking a debate on the effectiveness of the retrieval-based approach.
In response to this uncertainty, this groundbreaking work presents TabR, an innovative retrieval-based tabular DL model. This breakthrough was achieved by augmenting a simple feed-forward architecture with an attention-like retrieval component. Several overlooked aspects of the attention mechanism were highlighted, leading to major performance improvements. On a set of public benchmarks, TabR stole the show, demonstrating unparalleled average performance, becoming the new state-of-the-art on numerous datasets, and even outperforming GBDT models on a recent benchmark designed to favor them.
Code link: https://github.com/yandex-research/tabular-dl-tabr
Paper link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.14338
A detailed unofficial overview of the paper:
https://andlukyane.com/blog/paper-review-tabr
#deeplearning #tabular
Meta-Transformer: A Unified Framework for Multimodal Learning
The landscape of multimodal learning is about to witness a remarkable transformation with the introduction of Meta-Transformer, a state-of-the-art framework that's poised to overcome long-standing challenges in the field. The beauty of Meta-Transformer lies in its unique ability to process and understand information from a diverse range of modalities - from natural language, 2D images, 3D point clouds, to audio, video, time series, and tabular data. This ability stems from its innovative design that leverages a frozen encoder to map raw input data from these diverse modalities into a shared token space, eliminating the need for paired multimodal training data.
More than just a theoretical achievement, the Meta-Transformer has proven its practical application across various benchmarks, handling an impressive range of tasks from fundamental perception such as text, image, and audio processing, to more complex applications like X-Ray, infrared, and hyperspectral data interpretation, as well as data mining tasks involving graph, tabular, and time-series data.
Code link: https://github.com/invictus717/MetaTransformer
Paper link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.10802
A detailed unofficial overview of the paper:
https://andlukyane.com/blog/paper-review-meta-transformer
#deeplearning #nlp #transformer #cv
Retentive Network: A Successor to Transformer for Large Language Models
The Retentive Network (RetNet) has been proposed as a game-changing foundation architecture for large language models. RetNet uniquely combines training parallelism, low-cost inference, and impressive performance into one sleek package. It ingeniously draws a theoretical connection between recurrence and attention, opening new avenues in AI exploration. The introduction of the retention mechanism for sequence modeling further enhances this innovation, featuring not one, not two, but three computation paradigms - parallel, recurrent, and chunkwise recurrent!
Specifically, the parallel representation provides the horsepower for training parallelism, while the recurrent representation supercharges low-cost O(1) inference, enhancing decoding throughput, latency, and GPU memory without compromising performance. For long-sequence modeling, the chunkwise recurrent representation is the ace up RetNet's sleeve, enabling efficient handling with linear complexity. Each chunk is encoded in parallel while also recurrently summarizing the chunks, which is nothing short of revolutionary. Based on experimental results in language modeling, RetNet delivers strong scaling results, parallel training, low-cost deployment, and efficient inference. All these groundbreaking features position RetNet as a formidable successor to the Transformer for large language models.
Code link: https://github.com/microsoft/unilm
Paper link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.08621
A detailed unofficial overview of the paper:
https://andlukyane.com/blog/paper-review-retnet
#deeplearning #nlp #llm
Giraffe: Adventures in Expanding Context Lengths in LLMs
Modern Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized our ability to process and understand vast amounts of textual data. Yet, these models, like LLaMA and LLaMA2, often come with a caveat: they're constrained by fixed context lengths, which means they're limited in handling longer sequences of input data at evaluation. This paper tackles that constraint by investigating a variety of methods for "context length extrapolation," which essentially enables these models to understand and work with longer text sequences. Among the techniques explored, the paper introduces an innovative "truncated basis" strategy for altering positional encodings within the attention mechanism, promising a more scalable future for LLMs.
The researchers put their theories to the test with three brand-new evaluation tasks—FreeFormQA, AlteredNumericQA, and LongChat-Lines—providing a more nuanced measure of model performance than the traditionally used metric of perplexity. Their findings? Linear scaling came out on top as the most effective way to extend the context length, but the truncated basis method showed potential for future exploration. To propel the research community even further, the paper releases three game-changing long-context models, named Giraffe, with context lengths ranging from 4k to an astonishing 32k.
Paper link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.10882
Code link: https://github.com/abacusai/Long-Context
A detailed unofficial overview of the paper:
https://andlukyane.com/blog/paper-review-giraffe
#deeplearning #cv #nlp #largelanguagemodel #opensource #largecontext
Exploring Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning Techniques for Code Generation with Large Language Models
The results reveal the superiority and potential of PEFT over ICL (In-Context Learning) on a wide range of LLMs in reducing the computational burden and improving performance.
Main results:
- LLMs fine-tuned with PEFT techniques, i.e., a few millions of parameters, systematically outperform small language models fully fine-tuned with hundreds of millions of parameters
- Prompt tuning often outperforms LoRA even though it requires learning substantially fewer parameters
- LLMs fine-tuned using LoRA and Prompt tuning significantly outperform LLMs with ICL, even when increasing the number of prompt examples under the ICL setting
- PEFT techniques allow LLMs to better adapt to the task-specific dataset with low computational cost
OWASP Top 10 for LLM
The OWASP Top 10 for Large Language Model Applications project aims to educate developers, designers, architects, managers, and organizations about the potential security risks when deploying and managing Large Language Models (LLMs). The project provides a list of the top 10 most critical vulnerabilities often seen in LLM applications, highlighting their potential impact, ease of exploitation, and prevalence in real-world applications. Examples of vulnerabilities include prompt injections, data leakage, inadequate sandboxing, and unauthorized code execution, among others. The goal is to raise awareness of these vulnerabilities, suggest remediation strategies, and ultimately improve the security posture of LLM applications.
1 Prompt Injection
2 Insecure Output Handling
3 Training Data Poisoning
4 Model Denial of Service
5 Supply Chain Vulnerabilities
6 Sensitive Information Disclosure
7 Insecure Plugin Design
8 Excessive Agency
9 Overreliance
10 Model Theft
PDF
🪄WizardLM: Empowering Large Pre-Trained Language Models to Follow Complex Instructions
Model outperforms ChatGPT-3.5, Claude Instant-1, PaLM-2 and Minerva on GSM8k, simultaneously surpasses Text-davinci-002, PaLM-1 and GPT-3 on MATH.
Фреймворк WizardMath, который расширяет способности Llama-2 к математическому мышлению, применяя метод Reinforcement Learning from Evol-Instruct Feedback (RLEIF) к области математики.
WizardMath с существенным отрывом превосходит все остальные LLM с открытым исходным кодом в решение мат. задач.
🖥 Github: https://github.com/nlpxucan/wizardlm
📕 Paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.09583v1
🤗 HF: https://huggingface.co/WizardLM
☑️ Dataset: https://paperswithcode.com/dataset/gsm8k
ai_machinelearning_big_data
FLAIR: A Foundation LAnguage Image model of the Retina
🖥 Github: https://github.com/jusiro/flair
📕 Paper: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2308.07898v1.pdf
🔥 Dataset: https://paperswithcode.com/dataset/imagenet
@ai_machinelearning_big_data
🔥Platypus: Quick, Cheap, and Powerful Refinement of LLMs
Family of fine-tuned and merged LLMs that achieves the strongest performance and currently stands at first place in HuggingFace's
Cемейство точно настроенных больших языковых моделей (LLM), которое достигло самой высокой производительности и в настоящее время занимает первое место в открытой таблице лидеров LLM HuggingFace на момент выхода этой статьи
Модель 13B Platypus может быть обучена на одном GPU A100 на 25 тыс. вопросов за 5 часов!git clone https://github.com/lm-sys/FastChat.git
cd FastChat
🖥 Github: https://github.com/arielnlee/Platypus
💻 Project: https://platypus-llm.github.io/
📕 Paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.07317v1
⭐️ Dataset: https://huggingface.co/datasets/garage-bAInd/Open-Platypus
ai_machinelearning_big_data
notebook_whisperer
A coding assistant to help with the construction of Jupyter notebooks. With the Notebook Whisperer, you can enter a short sentence saying what you would like to do. It then populates the next cell in your Jupyter notebook with the code for performing that task. This is accomplished by sending the contents of your notebook to chatGPT and having it provide the code that it thinks will fulfill your request.
🚀 AgentBench: Evaluating LLMs as Agents.
AgentBench, a multi-dimensional evolving benchmark that currently consists of 8 distinct environments to assess LLM-as-Agent's reasoning and decision-making abilities in a multi-turn open-ended generation setting.
Комплексный бенчмарк для оценки работы LLM агентов.
🖥 Github: https://github.com/thudm/agentbench
📕 Paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.03688v1
☑️ Dataset: https://paperswithcode.com/dataset/alfworld
ai_machinelearning_big_data
PanGu-Coder2: Boosting Large Language Models for Code with Ranking Feedback
In this paper, the authors introduce a novel framework, namely RRTF (Rank Responses to align Test&Teacher Feedback), and present a new Code LLM, namely PanGu-Coder2. Firstly, they adopt the Evol-Instruct technique to obtain a substantial amount of high-quality natural language instruction and code solution data pairs. Then, they train the base model by ranking candidate code solutions using feedback from test cases and heurstic preferences.
Through comprehensive evaluations on HumanEval, CodeEval, and LeetCode benchmarks, PanGu-Coder2 achieves new state-of-the-art performance among billion-parameter-level Code LLMs, surpassing all of the existing ones by a large margin.
An interesting theoretical result on gradient descent complexity. I missed it before.
https://www.quantamagazine.org/computer-scientists-discover-limits-of-major-research-algorithm-20210817/
The Complexity of Gradient Descent: CLS = PPAD ∩ PLS
https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.01929
Tracking Anything in High Quality
Visual object tracking, a cornerstone of computer vision, is being revolutionized by the ever-increasing power of perception algorithms, facilitating the unification of single/multi-object and box/mask-based tracking. In this thrilling technological panorama, the Segment Anything Model stands out, drawing significant attention from researchers around the globe.
HQTrack is ingeniously constructed with a video multi-object segmenter and a mask refiner. VMOS, given an object in the initial frame, works its magic by propagating object masks to the current frame. However, its initial results may not be perfect due to limited training data, but that's where the MR comes in, refining these results and significantly enhancing the tracking mask quality. HQTrack claimed an impressive second place in the prestigious Visual Object Tracking and Segmentation challenge, all without resorting to any tricks such as test-time data augmentations and model ensembles.
Code link: https://github.com/jiawen-zhu/HQTrack
Paper link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.13974
A detailed unofficial overview of the paper:
https://andlukyane.com/blog/paper-review-hqtrack
#deeplearning #objectdetection #objecttracking
Cost Optimisation In The Cloud – Practical Design Steps For Architects and Developers – Part 1
https://automation.baldacchino.net/cost-optimising-your-architecture-on-azure-practical-design-steps-for-builders-to-cost-optimise-your-tech-stack/
Part 2 – Infrastructure Cost Optimisation In The Cloud – Practical Design Steps For Architects and Developers
https://automation.baldacchino.net/cost-optimising-your-architecture-on-azure-practical-design-steps-for-builders-to-cost-optimise-your-tech-stack-part-2/
Part 3 – Architectural Cost Optimisation – Practical Design Steps for Architects and Developers
https://automation.baldacchino.net/part-3-architectural-cost-optimisation-practical-design-steps-for-architects-and-developers/
An interesting theoretical result on gradient descent complexity. I missed it before.
https://www.quantamagazine.org/computer-scientists-discover-limits-of-major-research-algorithm-20210817/
The Complexity of Gradient Descent: CLS = PPAD ∩ PLS
https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.01929
⏩ Edge Guided GANs with Multi-Scale Contrastive Learning for Semantic Image Synthesis
ECGAN новая система для решения сложной задачи семантического синтеза изображений.
🖥 Github: https://github.com/ha0tang/ecgan
📕 Paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.12084v1
🔥 Dataset: https://paperswithcode.com/dataset/cityscapes
ai_machinelearning_big_data
Paper Review: Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models
Introducing Llama 2, a cutting-edge ensemble of large language models ranging from 7 to 70 billion parameters! These models, specially fine-tuned for dialogue use cases, not only outperform existing open-source chat models but also showcase exemplary performance in safety and helpfulness. Llama 2 creators have opened the door for AI community, sharing their detailed approach to inspire further advancements in the development of responsible AI.
Project link: https://ai.meta.com/llama/
Model link: https://github.com/facebookresearch/llama
Paper link: https://ai.meta.com/research/publications/llama-2-open-foundation-and-fine-tuned-chat-models/
A detailed unofficial overview of the paper:
https://andlukyane.com/blog/paper-review-llama2
#deeplearning #nlp #safetyai #responsibleai