18762
Daily articles (Text and Audio)
📈 #Vocablary_Levels 📉
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🔅🔅 Level10 🔅🔅
Grandstand , Coasters
🔅🔅 Level8 🔅🔅
Fairs
🔅🔅 Level7 🔅🔅
Hoop
🔅🔅 Level6 🔅🔅
Berries , Jellies , Berry
🔅🔅 Level5 🔅🔅
Tractors , Clowns , Ploughing , Ribbon , Circus , Nowadays
🔅🔅 Level4 🔅🔅
Harvest , Barn , Furnishings , Barns , Goats , Auto , Jars
🔅🔅 Level3 🔅🔅
Rural , Celebrate , Crop , Provinces , Exhibition , Annual , Permanent , Structures , Display , Goods , Audience , Comedians , Contests , Grain , Compete , Crafts , Prizes , Sponsored , Youth , Aim , Institutes , Household , Exhibits , Heritage
🔅🔅 Level2 🔅🔅
Feature , Century , Competition , Regarding , Products , August , November , United , States , Organized , Divided , Units , Counties , County , Events , Developed , Cows , Pigs , Sheep , Vegetables , Fruits , Baked , Jams , Entertainers , Perform , Western , Popular , Strength , Pie , Improve , Breeds , Encourage , Breeding , Steadiness , Spirit , Improvements , Fruit , Vegetable , Encourages , Produce , Receive , Dining , Goal , Improving , Organizations , Merry , Skill
🔅🔅 Level1 🔅🔅
Fall , Have , Been , A , Of , North , Life , Since , Early , In , The , Nineteenth , At , End , People , From , Areas , Come , Together , To , Usually , These , Take , Form , Best , All , Farm , That , Year , Depending , On , Part , Country , And , Its , Most , Important , Can , Begin , As , Or , Late , They , Last , Several , Days , When , Were , Into , Small , Called , Larger , Many , Known , Are , State , There , Also , Smaller , Local , Ones , Too , Like , National , Buildings , Over , Years , Large , Used , New , For , Such , Home , Water , Systems , Necessary , House , Horses , Chickens , Other , Animals , Must , Be , Room , Finally , Is , Space , Which , Stage , With , Wooden , Seats , Around , It , Here , An , During , Fair , Singers , But , So , Dancers , Musicians , May , Beauty , Queen , Tests , Men , Eating , Horse , Racing , Some , Cases , Helped , Animal , Races , Fast , Test , Do , Pulling , This , Has , Led , Farming , Every , Kind , Tested , Only , Win , Fairness , Their , Women , Food , Kinds , Stored , Glass , Winter , Area , Where , Good , Served , Public , By , Governments , S , Four , Clubs , Children , Interest , Heads , Hearts , Hands , Health , Members , Work , Make , Families , Better , Taken , Idea , Midway , Rides , Wheels , Go , Rounds , Roller , Games , Chance , Trying , Throw , Bottle , One , Nice , Thing , About , Fun , Whole , Family , Enjoy , Machinery , Everyone , Likes , Shows , Not , Live , Farms , Towns , Cities , Still , Going , Our
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@Practice_English
Pasteurization is a hundred-year-old process that destroys pathogens through simple heat, and is best known for its role in making milk and juices safe for consumption. French chemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur invented this straightforward food safety technique in 1864.
more :
http://www.safeeggs.com/pasteurization
📈 #Vocablary_Levels 📉
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🔅🔅 Level11 🔅🔅
Rabies
🔅🔅 Level7 🔅🔅
Germs
🔅🔅 Level4 🔅🔅
Biology , Chemistry , Organisms , Spontaneously , Organism
🔅🔅 Level3 🔅🔅
Techniques , Agricultural , Invisible , Thoroughly , Patients , Demonstrated , Arise , Confirmed , Technique , Infected , Liquids , Immunization , Immune , Injecting , Immunized , Aggressive , Achievements
🔅🔅 Level2 🔅🔅
Developed , Develop , Medical , Industries , University , Excellent , Famous , Diseases , Extremely , Advised , Research , Previous , Individuals , Contributions , Beer , Disease , Weakened , Resist , Prevented , Occurs , Spread , Biting , Bitten , Admired , Medicine
🔅🔅 Level1 🔅🔅
Was , One , Of , The , Greatest , Scientists , All , Time , Made , Very , Important , Discoveries , In , And , He , Helped , Greatly , To , Science , Food , Born , A , Small , Town , During , Year , When , Young , Man , Studied , At , City , Soon , Did , Some , Work , Later , Began , His , Study , First , Understand , That , Many , Could , Be , Caused , By , Only , Few , Other , Had , Believed , This , Before , Doctors , Wash , Their , Hands , Treating , Also , Life , Forms , Not , Idea , Living , Would , Appear , Unless , Its , Kind , Were , Present , S , Most , Has , Been , Named , After , Him , Kills , Are , Found , Drinks , Such , As , Milk , Or , Because , People , No , Longer , With , Drinking , These , Just , Called , Person , Animal , Safe , From , Cause , Body , Can , Being , Way , Today , Use , Save , Who , Already , Is , Sometimes , Animals , Usually , But , Dying , Becomes , May , Another , Day , Parents , Boy , Came , Son , Dog , Knew , Die , Something , Done , Agreed , Help , Saved , Died , Around , World , For , Which , Have , Considered , Figure , History
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@Practice_English
نعتذر عن الانقطاعات السابقة. سوف يتم الالتزام بنشر مقالة يومياً بإذن الله (كل يوم مستوى من خمس مستويات بالاضافة الى المستوى السادس وهو عبارة عن محادثات بين شخصين أو أكثر). كذلك سوف نقوم باضافة معلومات اضافية في فقرة كلمات المقالة ونرحب بمقترحاتكم. نرجوا منكم المساهمة بنشر القناة لتعم الفائدة.
We will keep posting on a daily basis. Please share the channel to your friends.
http://t.me/practice_english
📈 #Vocablary_Levels 📉
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🔅🔅 Level8 🔅🔅
Fad , Fads
🔅🔅 Level6 🔅🔅
Tattoo
🔅🔅 Level5 🔅🔅
Dyed , Dye , Dyeing
🔅🔅 Level2 🔅🔅
Purple , Iron , Pink , Adult , Cliff , Popular , Style
🔅🔅 Level1 🔅🔅
Many , Of , My , Friends , Have , Their , Hair , Different , Colors , I , Don , T , Mean , Normal , Like , Brown , Or , Black , Orange , And , Blue , Told , Mother , That , Would , To , Green , Explained , Only , Use , Food , Coloring , The , Not , Last , Said , Your , Was , A , Silly , She , Look , Good , With , If , Couldn , Maybe , Could , Get , Nose , Ring , No , On , Arm , Be , Nice , Way , Did , Some , Crazy , Things , When , Young , Girl , Used , Her , Make , It , Straight , Sounds , Quite , Boring , Me , Friend , Came , Over , Is , Bright , Father , Think , He , Really , Meant , Says , Am , An , Can , Whatever , Color , But , For , Now , Leave , Its , Natural , Tried , Tell , All , Were , Doing , Asked , Jumping , Off , You , Do , Too , Ll , Wait , By , Time , M , Old , Enough , Won , Want , Change , One , Day , Something , Might , Next , S , In , At , Just , Live , Without , Wonder , What , Will , Month
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@Practice_English
Mittens = قفازات سميكة غير مكتملة سميكة و غالبا ما تكون مصنوعة من الصوف
@Practice_English
Snow angels = هذه الحركة تسمى ملائكة الثلج
@Practice_English
📈 #Vocablary_Levels 📉
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🔅🔅 Level6 🔅🔅
Shovel
🔅🔅 Level5 🔅🔅
Zippers
🔅🔅 Level2 🔅🔅
November
🔅🔅 Level1 🔅🔅
Today , Is , It , Snowed , All , Day , The , Snow , Finally , My , Sister , And , I , Are , Mom , Like , Has , To , Drive , Get , Put , On , Hat , Puts , Her , Go , We , Begin , Make , A , Starts , Throw , Inside , For , Hot
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@Practice_English
برنامج Kalemat.
برنامج من برمجتنا يعمل على نظام تشغيل ويندوز ويساعد على تعلم اللغة من خلال الأفلام وكذلك المقالات.
فكرة البرنامج : يقوم باستخراج الكلمات من ملف ترجمة الأفلام srt او جميع ملفات النصوص txt. بحيث تستطيع دراسة كلمات الفيلم او المقالة كلمة كلمة.
المميزات:
- استخراج جميع الكلمات بدون تكرار.
- اختبار لجميع الكلمات مع تصنيف الكلمات المعروفة وغير المعروفة.
- امكانية الاستماع لنطق الكلمات عن طريق نطق آلي او نطق بشري عن طريق Forvo
- ترجمة الكلمات من الانجليزية الى اغلب اللغات (البرنامج ليس موجه للعرب فقط!).
- عرض جميع اللقطات التي ذكرت فيها الكلمة.
- امكانية حفظ العمل
الفيديو التالي يشرح الاصدار القديم من البرنامج:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FGOe7eRI9bM
لتحميل البرنامج : (البرنامج يعمل فقط على أجهزة الكمبيوتر نظام ويندوز)
http://bit.ly/kalemat_eng
صفحة البرنامج على الفيس بوك : للتواصل ولمتابعة جديد البرنامج:
http://www.facebook.com/kalemat.english
اخوكم عبدالكريم ملكدي
صفحة البرنامج :
http://facebook.com/kalemat.english
http://twitter.com/kalemat_english
For non-Arabs: This is a windows application we developed to study words from srt (Movies' subtitles) or any text file. The application has an English interface, and it supports several languages via Google translate.
#احصائية
عدد كلمات المقالة السابقة : 475 (مع التكرار) , وبدون التكرار (195)
نسبة تكرار الكلمات: 59%
عدد كلمات المستوى الأول: 347 (مع التكرار) بنسبة 73%, وبدون التكرار (119) بنسبة 61%
عدد كلمات المستوى الثاني: 53 (مع التكرار) بنسبة 11%, وبدون التكرار(34) بنسبة 17%
غدد كلمات المستوى الثالث: 14 (مع التكرار) بنسبة 3%, وبدون التكرار(13) بنسبة 7%
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عدد كلمات بقية المستويات: 42 (مع التكرار) بنسبة 8%, وبدون التكرار (14) بنسبة 7%
مع ملاحظة تكرار كلمة Jazz وهي الكلمة الرئيسية في المقال 25 مرة
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الخلاصة :
💥المستوى الأول يشكل النسبة الكبرى من الكلمات 73% و 61%. يعني بمعرفتك لأول 1000 كلمة تضمن معرفة ثلاثة ارباع المقالة.
💥المستوى الثاني يشكل ايضا نسبة كبيرة 11% و 17%.
💥بمعرفتك للمستويات الأول والثاني والثالث تكون عرفت 87% مع التكرار, و85% بدون التكرار.
💥 بقية كلمات المستويات الاخرى اذا لم تكن تعرف معناها في الغالب تفهمها من السياغ.
الخلاصة: ادرس اول ثلاثة ألف كلمة وامرك في السليم باذن الله🙃.
هذه الاحصائية لن يتم تكرارها لانها تنطبق على بقية المقالات.
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Words Of Article :
✳️ concerts: حفلات
✳️ festivals: مهرجانات
✳️ improvisation: الارتجال
✳️ syncopation: الترخيم
✳️ spontaneously: بشكل عفوي
✳️ performance: اداء
✳️ regular: طبيعي
✳️ patterns: انماط
✳️ uneven: متفاوتا
✳️ creativity: ابداع
✳️ derived: مستمدة
✳️ rhythms: ايقاعات
✳️ ragtime: موسيقى الزنوج
✳️ incorporated: ادرجت
✳️ aspects: جوانب
✳️ instruments: ادوات موسيقية
✳️ trumpet: البوق
✳️ saxophone: الساكسفون
✳️ cornet: الشياع آلة نفخ نحاسية
✳️ bands: فرق
✳️ comprising: تتكون من
✳️ era: عهد,فترة,زمن
✳️ varieties: اصناف
✳️ blended: مخلوطة
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Where are you from? Leave a comment with the flag of your country.
Читать полностью…
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Words Of Article :
✅ cattle = ماشية
✅ railroads = السكك الحديدية
✅ remote = المناطق النائية , البعيدة
✅ large-scale = على نطاق واسع
✅ conqueror = المحتلين
✅ sharp-horned = قرون حادة
✅ roamed prairies = جابت البراري
✅ interbred = هجن
✅ aggressiveness = عدوانية
✅ longhorn = قرون طويلة
✅ disbanded = حُل , سرح
✅ badlands = أراضي وعرة
✅ A fur trader = تاجر فراء
✅ wagon = عربة
✅ route = طريق , مسار
✅ barred = مُنع , حُظر
✅ barbed wire = أسلاك شائكة
✅ pens = حظائر
✅ tamed = كبح , روّض
✅ herd = قطيع
✅ rancher = مربي ماشية
✅ wages = أجور , أتعاب
✅ gambling = يقامر
✅ portable = محمول , متنقل
✅ fenced = مُسيج , محاط بسور
✅ ranches = مزارع الماشية
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@Practice_English
🌟 🌟 🌟 🌟 🌟
هااااام
تأثير وقوة القراءة و الإستماع في تعلم اللغة الانجليزية
اقرأ أكثر .. إستمع أكثر .. تستفيد أكثر بوقت أقصر .. هذا ما نقوم به هنا في قناتنا
🌟 🌟 🌟 🌟 🌟
@Practice_English
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#Come_to_the_Fair
Fall fairs have been a feature of North American life since early in the nineteenth century. At the end of the harvest, people from rural areas have come together to celebrate. Usually, these fairs take the form of a competition regarding the best of all farm products of that year. Depending on the part of the country, and its most important crop, fall fairs can begin as early as August or as late as November. They usually last several days.
When the United States and Canada were organized, they were divided into small units called counties. Larger units were called states or provinces. Many of the best-known fairs are county fairs or state fairs. There are also smaller local fairs, and larger ones too, like the Canadian National Exhibition in Toronto, Ontario.
Since these fairs are usually annual events, many have developed permanent buildings over the years. Most of these are large barn-like structures. These buildings are used to display new products for farm life, such as tractors, home furnishings and water systems. Several barns are usually necessary to house all the horses, cows, pigs, goats, sheep, chickens and other animals in competition. There must also be room to display all the vegetables, berries and fruits in competition. Finally, there is space for handicrafts, artwork, baked goods, and jams and jellies.
Usually, there is a grandstand, which is a stage with wooden seats around it. Here entertainers perform for an audience during the fair. Country and western singers are usually popular at fairs, but so are comedians, clowns, dancers and musicians. There may also be other contests such as a beauty competition for queen of the fair, tests of strength for the men or pie-eating events. Most fairs also have a racetrack, which is used for horse racing, or, in some cases, auto-racing.
Fairs have helped to improve animal breeds, and races encourage the breeding of fast horses. Ploughing contests test the strength and steadiness of horses, and so do pulling contests. This spirit of competition has led to improvements in all areas of farming. Every kind of grain, fruit, vegetable, berry and animal is tested, and only the best win a ribbon. This encourages fairness to improve their products.
Farm women compete to produce the best homemade food and crafts. Many kinds of fruit and vegetables are stored in glass jars for the winter. The best of these also receive prizes. Most fairs have a dining area where this good food is served to the public.
The goal of improving farming is sponsored by the governments of Canada and the U.S.A. Four-H Clubs are youth organizations that encourage farm children to take an interest in farming. Four-H Clubs aim at improving the heads, hearts, hands and health of their members. There are also women's organizations, such as the Women's Institutes in Canada, which work to make the life of farm families better. Fall fairs have taken over the idea of the midway from the circus. The midway has rides like Ferris wheels, merry-go-
rounds, and roller coasters. It also has games of chance and skill, such as trying to throw a small hoop over a large bottle. One nice thing about fall fairs is that they are fun for the whole family. Children enjoy the midway and the farm animals. Women like the crafts, food and household exhibits. Men like the machinery, the horse races and the crop exhibits. Everyone likes the grandstand shows. Nowadays, not so many people live on farms. But people from towns and cities still enjoy going to fall fairs. They are part of our North American heritage.
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#level4
@Practice_English
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Words of the article:
✳️ Biology: بَيُولُوجْيَا , بَيُولُوجْيَة , بَايُولُوجْيَا , اَلْأَحْيَاء
✳️ Chemistry: كِمْيَاء , كِيمْيَاء , حَجَر اَلْفَلَاسِفَةِ
✳️ Techniques: أَسَالِيب
✳️ Agricultural: زِرَاعِيّ
✳️ Germs: جَرَاثِيم
✳️ Invisible: غير مرئي
✳️ Organisms: أَحْيَاء
✳️ Thoroughly: بدقة
✳️ Patients: مَرْضَى
✳️ Demonstrated: برهن
✳️ Arise: اِنْبَعَثَ , اِسْتَجَدَّ
✳️ Spontaneously: تلقائيا
✳️ Confirmed: تَأَكَّدَ
✳️ Organism: الكائنات الحية
✳️ Technique: تِقْنِيّ , تِكْنِيك
✳️ Infected: مَوْبُوء , مُعْدًى
✳️ Liquids: السوائل
✳️ Immunization: التحصين
✳️ Immune: مَنَاعِيّ
✳️ Injecting: تَحَاقُن
✳️ Immunized: مُحَصَّن
✳️ Rabies: دَاء اَلْكَلْبِ
✳️ Aggressive: عُدْوَانِيّ
✳️ Achievements: مُنْجَزَات
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ملاحظة: الترجمة آلية وقد لاتكون في سياق المقالة, نرحب بمساهماتكم في التعليقات
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#Louis_Pasteur
Louis Pasteur was one of the greatest scientists of all time. Pasteur made very important discoveries in biology and chemistry, and the techniques he developed helped greatly to develop medical science and the agricultural and food industries.
Pasteur was born in a small town in France during the year 1822. When he was a young man, Pasteur studied science at a university in the city of Paris. He soon did some excellent work in chemistry, and later began his famous study of germs. Pasteur was one of the first scientists to understand that many diseases could be caused by extremely small, invisible organisms. Only a few other scientists had believed this before Pasteur. He advised doctors to wash their hands thoroughly before treating patients.
Pasteur also demonstrated that life forms did not arise spontaneously. His research confirmed the idea, developed by previous scientists, that a living organism would not appear unless other individuals of its kind were present.
One of Pasteur's most important contributions was a technique that has been named after him: pasteurization. Pasteurization kills the germs that are found in drinks such as milk or beer. Because of Pasteur's technique, people are no longer infected with diseases by drinking these liquids.
Just as important as pasteurization was a technique called immunization. Pasteur found that a person or animal could be made safe, or immune, from a disease, by injecting the person with some weakened germs that cause the disease. The body can resist the disease after being immunized in this way. Today, many diseases are prevented by the use of this technique.
Pasteur's discoveries also helped to save people who had already been infected with diseases. One such disease is rabies. Rabies is a disease that sometimes occurs in animals. This disease usually kills the animal, but before dying, the animal becomes very aggressive, and may spread the disease by biting a person or another animal.
One day, the parents of a young boy came to Pasteur. Their son had been bitten by a dog that had the rabies disease. The parents knew that their son would die from the disease, unless something could be done to save him. Pasteur agreed to help the boy, and the immunization technique saved the boy's life.
Pasteur died in 1895. He was greatly admired around the world for his achievements, which have helped all of humankind. Today, Pasteur is considered to be the greatest figure in the history of medicine.
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#level3
@Practice_English
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Words of the article:
✳️ Dyed: مُتَخَضِّب , مُخَضَّب , مَصْبُوغ
✳️ Dye: خِضَاب , صِبْغَة
✳️ Dyeing: صَبْغ , صِبَاغَة , اِصْطِبَاغ
✳️ Tattoo: وَشَمَ , وَشْم
✳️ Fads: تَقَالِيع
✳️ Fad: صَرْعَة , تَقْلِيعَة
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ملاحظة: الترجمة آلية وقد لاتكون في سياق المقالة, نرحب بمساهماتكم في التعليقات
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#I_Want_to_Dye_my_Hair_Green
Many of my friends have dyed their hair different colors.
I don't mean normal hair colors like brown or black.
My friends have dyed their hair orange, purple and blue.
I told my mother that I would like to dye my hair green.
I explained to my mother that I would only use food coloring.
The green would not last forever.
My mother said that dyeing your hair was a silly fad.
She said that I would not look good with green hair.
I said that if I couldn't dye my hair green, maybe I could get a nose ring.
My mother said "no."
I said that maybe a tattoo on my arm would be nice.
My mother said "no way."
My mother said that she did some crazy things when she was a young girl.
She said that she used to iron her hair to make it straight.
That sounds quite boring to me.
My friend Joan came over.
Her hair is dyed bright pink.
My father said "nice hair, Joan."
I don't think that he really meant it.
My mother says that when I am an adult I can dye my hair whatever crazy color I like, but for now she would like me to leave my hair its natural color.
I tried to tell her that all my friends were doing it.
My mother asked, "if all your friends were jumping off a cliff, would you do it too?" I said "no."
I think I'll have to wait to have green hair, but maybe by the time I'm old enough to dye my hair green, I won't want it that color.
My mother says that fads change all the time.
One day something might be popular, and the next day it's not in style at all.
I'll just have to live without green hair for now.
I wonder what the fad will be next month.
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#level2
@Practice_English
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Words Of Article :
✅ Snow Fall = تساقط الثلج
✅ excited = متحمس / مبتهج
✅ to shovel = يجرف
✅ put on = يرتدي
✅ mittens = قفازات
✅ scarf = وشاح
✅ zippers = اغلقت السوسته / السّحّاب
✅ snow man = رجل الثلج
✅ begin = بدأ
✅ snowballs = كرات الثلج
✅ snow angels = ملائكة الثلج
⭐️ ⭐️ ⭐️ ⭐️ ⭐️
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#First_Snow_Fall
Today is November 26th.
It snowed all day today.
The snow is beautiful.
The snow finally stopped.
My sister and I are excited.
My Mom doesn't like the snow.
My Mom has to shovel the drive way.
My sister and I get to play.
I put on my hat and mittens.
My Mom puts on my scarf.
My Mom zippers my jacket.
My sister puts on her hat and mittens.
My Mom puts on her scarf.
My Mom zippers her jacket.
My sister and I go outside.
We begin to make a snow man.
My Mom starts to shovel the snow.
My sister and I make snow angels.
My sister and I throw snowballs.
It starts to snow again.
We go inside for hot chocolate.
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#level1
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البرنامج التالي من برمجتنا يساعد على دراسة الكلمات السابقة .. للأسف فقط يعمل على نظام تشغيل ويندوز
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jazz_[25] originated_[1] rap_[1] spontaneously_[1] uneven_[1]
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dizzy_[1] improvisation_[3] stereos_[1] trumpet_[1]
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saxophone_[1]
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bop_[1]
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syncopation_[3]
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ragtime_[1]
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cornet_[1]
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africa_[1] african_[1] american_[1] armstrong_[1] basie_[1] billie_[1] chicago_[1] ellington_[1] gillespie_[1] holliday_[1] louis_[1] mississippi_[1] orleans_[1] riverboats_[1]
#Jazz
One of the most popular forms of music is known as jazz. Each year, hundreds of thousands of people attend jazz concerts and festivals in cities around the world. Jazz music, both old and new, is played on the radio and on home stereos. Two of the most important features of jazz music are "improvisation" and "syncopation."
Improvisation means that music is created spontaneously by the musician during a performance. In other words, the musician modifies some existing music in a new and
interesting way. Syncopation means that the regular patterns found in music may be broken up, with new accents and uneven patterns being created. The features of improvisation and syncopation are difficult to use with skill, and require great creativity on the part of the musician.
Jazz music originated in the southern United States, during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It was based on African-American music that was derived in part
from rhythms in western Africa. The earliest jazz musicians were influenced by a music style known as "ragtime," which was popular during the late nineteenth century. Jazz
music also incorporated some aspects of a related kind of music called the "blues."
By the beginning of the twentieth century, a fully developed form of jazz was being played in New Orleans, a city in the southern United States. Jazz musicians played
instruments such as the trumpet, saxophone, cornet, and piano. Jazz soon became popular and was played on the riverboats that travelled along the Mississippi River.
Some jazz musicians moved north to the city of Chicago, and young musicians in that city developed some new forms of jazz music.
By the 1920s and 1930s, jazz was popular in many parts of the United States, and some musicians began forming large bands, comprising many musicians and many different
instruments. This began the period known as the "big band" era when a popular form of jazz known as "swing" music was played. During the 1940s and 1950s, other forms of jazz, known as "bop" and "cool" jazz, were developed. Some people preferred these newer kinds of jazz, but others preferred the older varieties.
By the 1960s, some jazz musicians began to experiment with different kinds of musical instruments and with other kinds of music. Some musicians incorporated musical styles from other parts of the world, or combined jazz with rock music, and today some musicians have blended jazz with rap music. However, some people prefer the more traditional forms of jazz music. Of course, most of the great jazz musicians of the early twentieth century-people such as Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Count Basie, Dizzy Gillespie, and Billie Holliday-are no longer alive. However, many great jazz musicians are still active, and many younger musicians have continued this form of music. People will continue to enjoy jazz music
for a long time to come.
#Repost
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#Cowboys
The Golden Age of the American cowboy was short lived. It began in the 1860s with the great cattle drives from Texas north to Kansas. By 1890, when railroads had reached remote areas, there was no more need for large-scale cattle drives.
Of course, cowboys have a history before 1860. In fact, there were Mexican cowboys
long before that. The Spanish conqueror of Mexico, Hernan Cortes, brought cattle with him 1521. Cortes also branded his cattle with a three cross design. The Spanish sharp -horned cattle roamed the deserts and prairies freely. Eventually, they found their way toTexas. American settlers in Texas interbred their animals with the Spanish breed - the Texas longhorn cow was the result! It was famous for its bad temper and aggressiveness.
The Longhorn was a dangerous animal, with each of its horns measuring up to three and one-half feet long.
After the American Civil War ended in 1865, disbanded soldiers, who were former black slaves, and young men seeking adventure headed west. At that time, there were about five million cattle in Texas. Back in the East, there was a big demand for beef. By this time, railways from the east extended as far west as Kansas. It was still more than 600 miles from South Texas to the railway. Between the two places there were rivers to cross,
Indian tribes, badlands and other problems. A fur trader named Jesse Chisholm had driven his wagon north in 1865. Cowboys and cattle followed the Chisholm Trail north to Abilene, Kansas. This cattle trail became the most famous route for driving cattle, until it was barred with barbed wire in 1884.
In 1867, cattle dealer Joseph G. McCoy built pens for 3,000 cattle in the little town of Abilene. Soon Abilene was the most dangerous town in America. After the long cattle drive, cowboys who had just been paid went wild. Sheriff "Wild Bill" Hickok tamed Abilene in 1871 by forcing cowboys to turn over their guns when they arrived in town.
Other towns replaced Abilene as the wildest town in the West - Newton, Wichita, Ellsworth and Dodge City.
In Kansas a herd of 3,000 Texas longhorns might sell for $100,000 making the rancher rich. The cowboys might get $200 in wages, which often disappeared on drink, women and gambling.
Getting cattle to Kansas was far from easy. One of the biggest difficulties was getting the herd across rivers, especially when the river was high. There were no bridges. In 1871, 350 cowboys driving 60,000 cattle waited two weeks for the water level in the Red River to go down.
Food for men and animals was also difficult to find at times. An early cattleman developed the chuck wagon, which were both a supply wagon and a portable kitchen.
In the 1870s, there were probably 40,000 cowboys in the West. After the prairies were fenced in, there was less work. Large ranches still employ cowboys to round up the cattle for branding or for sale. Even today, about 20,000 cowboys still work in North America
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Words of the article
✳️ Physical Fitness: اللياقة البدنية
✳️ frequently: في كثير من الاحيان
✳️ physically fit: لائق بدنيا
✳️ aspects: جوانب
✳️ cardio-vascular: القلب والاوعية الدموية
✳️ steady: ثابت
✳️ pace: وتيرة, سرعة
✳️ beat:ينبض
✳️ rowing: التجديف
✳️ recreational: ترفيهية
✳️ vigorously: بقوة
✳️ suffer: يعاني
✳️ heart disease: امراض القلب
✳️ flexibility: المرونة
✳️ stretch: تمدد
✳️ comfortably: بارياحية
✳️ toes: اصابع القدم
✳️ bending: انحناء
✳️ injuries: اصابات
✳️ strength: قوة
✳️ endurance: تحمل
✳️ muscles: عضلات
✳️ lifting: رفع
✳️ pushing: دفع
✳️ pulling: سحب
✳️ bend: ينحني
✳️ palms: الكفين
✳️ shoulders: الكتفين
✳️ maintain: محافظة