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Daily articles (Text and Audio) للتواصل بخصوص إدارة القناة @akmalkadi
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#Salman_Rushdie:_'Life_Under_Threat'_(3)
One day. Maybe. But not today.
Today, my education in worthlessness continues, and what Saul Bellow would call my 'reality instructors' include: the media pundit who suggests that a manly death would be better for me than hiding like a rat; the letter-writer who points out that of course the trouble is that I look like the Devil, and wonders if I have hairy shanks and cloven hooves; the 'moderate' Muslim who writes to say that Muslims find it 'revolting' when I speak about the Iranian death threats (it's not the fatwa that's revolting, you understand, but my mention of it); the rather more immoderate Muslim who tells me to 'shut up', explaining that if a fly is caught in a spider's web, it should not attract the attention of the spider. I ask the reader to imagine how it might feel to be intellectually and emotionally bludgeoned, from a thousand different directions, every day for a thousand days and more.
Back in the balloon, something longed-for and heartening has happened. On this occasion, mirabile dictu, the many have not been sacrificed, but saved. That is to say, my companions, the western hostages and the gaoled businessmen, have by good fortune and the efforts of others managed to descend safely to earth, and have been reunited with their families and friends, with their own, free lives. I rejoice for them, and admire their courage, their resilience. And now I'm alone in the balloon.
Surely I'll be safe now? Surely, now, the balloon will drop safely towards some nearby haven, and I, too, will be reunited with my life? Surely it's my turn now? But the balloon is over the chasm again; and it's still sinking. I realize that it's carrying a great deal of valuable freight. Trading relations, armaments deals, the balance of power in the Gulf - these and other matters of great moment are weighing down the balloon. I hear voices suggesting that if I stay aboard, this precious cargo will be endangered. The national interest is being redefined; am I being redefined out of it. Am I to be jettisoned, after all? When Britain renewed relations with Iran at the United Nations in 1990, the senior British official in charge of the negotiations assured me in unambiguous language that something very substantial had been achieved on my behalf. The Iranians, laughing merrily, had secretly agreed to forget the fatwa. (The diplomat put great stress on this cherry Iranian laughter.) They would 'neither encourage nor allow' their citizens, surrogates or proxies to act against me Oh, how I wanted to believe that. But in the year-and-a-bit that followed, we saw the fatwa restated in Iran, the bounty money doubled, the book's Italian translator severely wounded, its Japanese translator stabbed to death; there was news of an attempt to find and kill me by contract killers working directly for the Iranian government through its European embassies. Another such contract was successfully carried out in Paris, the victim being the harmless and aged ex-Prime Minister of Iran, Shapour Bakhtiar.
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#level5
@Practice_English
🔶 Declared:
▪️ [adjective] declared as fact; explicitly stated
▪️ [adjective] made known or openly avowed
🔶 Independence:
▪️ [noun] freedom from control or influence of another or others
▪️ [noun] a city in western Missouri; the beginning of the Santa Fe Trail
🔶 Retreated:
▪️ [noun] people who have retreated
🔶 Bulk:
▪️ [noun] the property of something that is great in magnitude
▪️ [verb] cause to bulge or swell outwards
🔶 Troops:
▪️ [noun] soldiers collectively
🔶 Swampy:
▪️ [adjective] (of soil) soft and watery
🔶 Siesta:
▪️ [noun] a nap in the early afternoon (especially in hot countries)
🔶 Republic:
▪️ [noun] a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them
▪️ [noun] a form of government whose head of state is not a monarch
📚📚📚📚📚
📈 #Vocablary_Levels 📉
〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️
🔅🔅 Level14 🔅🔅
Sharpshooters
🔅🔅 Level13 🔅🔅
Siesta
🔅🔅 Level8 🔅🔅
Besieged
🔅🔅 Level7 🔅🔅
Infuriated
🔅🔅 Level6 🔅🔅
Fiery , Bombard
🔅🔅 Level5 🔅🔅
Conquerors , Ranching , Siege , Cannon , Swampy
🔅🔅 Level4 🔅🔅
Surrendered , Fort , Crumble , Bulk
🔅🔅 Level3 🔅🔅
Explorers , Religious , Founded , Structure , Persuaded , Authorities , Acres , Shortly , Charter , Confirmed , Independent , Administrator , Colony , Cattle , Profitable , Meanwhile , Jail , Fierce , Supreme , Volunteers , Overcame , Defenders , Raging , Declared , Independence , Retreated , Troops , Republic
🔅🔅 Level2 🔅🔅
Missions , Mission , Elder , Journeyed , Appointed , Regional , Rapidly , Cotton , Attracted , Population , Successful , Soldier , Politician , President , Political , Struggle , Army , Released , Organize , Defense , Elected , Commander , Approached , Battle , Advantage , Destroy , Pitched , Famous , Dozen , Attacked , Resistance , Suffered , Losses , Gathered , Opportunity , Rapid , Advance , Recognize , Th
🔅🔅 Level1 🔅🔅
The , First , In , Were , And , They , Followed , By , Orders , That , Set , Up , To , One , Of , These , Was , It , What , Is , Now , Later , Became , Known , As , Had , Give , Him , A , Charger , Settle , Died , After , This , Five , Weeks , His , Son , Traveled , Have , Governor , Led , Settlers , Into , When , Learned , Afterwards , He , City , For , Grew , Farming , There , Four , Times , Been , Friend , Supporter , However , Personal , Problems , Difficulties , Leave , S , Control , Won , Thinking , Thrown , Sent , An , From , Time , Inside , Fighting , Allowed , Go , Home , State , Not , Long , With , Men , Decided , Meet , Open , But , Wait , Arrived , Preparing , Help , Other , Came , Then , Brought , Walls , Began , All , Sides , Because , Their , Large , Numbers , Very , Heavy , Killed , While , Back , At , Fight , Waiting , Suitable , Left , Behind , Prepared , Moved , Land , River , Having , Midday , Cry , Remember , Soon , Over , Many , Only , Couple , Prisoner , Readily , Agreed , Ninety , Years
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@Practice_English
⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️
Words of the article:
✳️ Athletes: الرياضيين
✳️ Sprint: سباق
✳️ Endurance: جَلَد , تَجَلُّد , اِحْتِمَال , تَحَمُّل , تَعَزٍّ , تَكْبِيد
✳️ Marathon: مَارَاثُون , سِبَاق اَلْمَارَثُونِ , مَارَثُون
✳️ Pace: خطوة
✳️ Mixture: مَخْلُوط , خَلْطَة , اِخْتِلَاط , خَلِيط , مِزَاج
✳️ Athlete: رياضي
✳️ Baton: عَصَا اَلْمَارْشَالْ , مِقْمَع
✳️ Cooperate: تَآزَرَ , تَعَاوَنَ
✳️ Compete: تَبَارَى , تَنَافَسَ , تَزَاحُم , تَسَابَقَ , تَسَامَى , نَافَسَ
✳️ Javelin: الرمح
✳️ Spear: حَرْبَة , رُمْح , رِمَاح
✳️ Talent: قَرِيحَة , مَلَكَة , مَوْهِبَة
⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️
ملاحظة: الترجمة آلية وقد لاتكون في سياق المقالة, نرحب بمساهماتكم في التعليقات
📈 #Vocablary_Levels 📉
〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️
🔅🔅 Level12 🔅🔅
Javelin
🔅🔅 Level8 🔅🔅
Baton
🔅🔅 Level5 🔅🔅
Sprint , Marathon , Spear
🔅🔅 Level3 🔅🔅
Athletes , Endurance , Pace , Mixture , Athlete , Cooperate , Compete , Talent
🔅🔅 Level2 🔅🔅
Popular , Includes , Events , Require , Speed , Distance , Metre , Metres , Seconds , Kilometres , Steady , Energy , Example , Requires , Mate , Event , Metal , Exercise
🔅🔅 Level1 🔅🔅
In , Many , Parts , Of , The , World , Sport , Track , And , Field , Is , Very , Actually , Different , Sports , Some , These , Run , On , A , Race , Against , Each , Other , To , Find , Out , Who , Can , Fastest , Great , For , Short , Must , As , Quickly , Possible , Only , Races , Are , Much , Longer , Because , This , Such , Long , Cannot , Too , At , Start , Instead , It , Important , Keep , End , Little , More , Than , Two , Hours , Called , Middle , Not , Yet , Also , Less , Four , Minutes , There , People , Use , Even , Faster , Teams , Runners , Carries , Small , Stick , After , Running , Certain , Runner , Hand , Team , Then , Runs , With , Win , S , Be , Fast , But , They , Well , By , Jumping , Or , Throwing , Jump , Up , Line , Try , Far , Forward , High , Over , Bar , Another , Shot , Put , Throw , Heavy , Ball , Strong , Both , Men , Women , Boys , Girls , Enjoy , Part , Their , Education , School , Those , Have , Work , Hard , Might , Most , Just , Fun , Healthy , Way , Get , Make , Friends
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@Practice_English
⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️
Words of the article:
✳️ Memory: ذِكْرَى , حَافِظَة , ذَاكِرَة
✳️ Common: دَارِجَة , سَائِر , مُشْتَرَك , شَائِع , مُشَاع , مُسْتَعْمَل , مُتَنَاقَل
✳️ Performing: أداء
✳️ Calculations: العمليات الحسابية
✳️ Processing: مُعَالَجَة
✳️ Example: أُسْوَة , آيَة , مَتْبُوع , مُتَّبِع , حَذْو , قُدْوَة , قَالَب , مِثَال , أُمْثُولَة , مَثَل
✳️ Calculate: حساب
✳️ Finances: المالية
✳️ Documents: وَثَائِق
✳️ Essays: مقالات
✳️ Chess: شَطْرَنْج
✳️ Prefer: اِسْتَحَبَّ
✳️ Require: تَطَلَّبَ , اِسْتَلْزَمَ
✳️ Reflexes: ردود الفعل
✳️ Ordination: رَسَامَة
✳️ Detailed: مُفَصَّل , تَفْصِيلِيّ
✳️ Images: أَخْيِلَة
✳️ Popular: شَعْبِيّ
✳️ Communication: تَخَالُط , تَخَابُر , اِتِّصَال , تَوَاصُل
✳️ Relatives: أُولُو اَلْقُرْبَى , ذَوِيه , ذَوِيها , ذَوِيهن , ذَوِيهم , ذَوِيهِمَا , أَقَارِب , أَقْرِبَاء , قُرَبَاء , ذَوُو , ذَوَات اَلْأَرْحَامِ , ذَوُو اَلْقُرْبَى , أَرْحَام
✳️ Electronic: إِلِكْتِرُونِيّ , كَهْرُوإِلِكْتُرُونِيّ , إِلِيكْتِرُونِيّ , إِلِكْتِرُونِيَّات , أَلِكْتِرُونِيَّات
✳️ Mail: بريد
✳️ Instantly: فورا
✳️ Attach: أَرْفَقَ
✳️ Messages: بَعَائِث , رِسَالَة , رَسَائِل
✳️ Gain: رَبَّحَ , حَظِيَ , كَسْب , اِكْتَسَبَ , مَكْسَب , مُسْتَحْصَل
✳️ Vast: شَاسِع , فَيْحَاء , وَاسِع , حَيِّزِيّ , وَسِيع
✳️ Network: شَبَكَة , شَبَكِيّ
✳️ Topics: المواضيع
✳️ Newspapers: جَرَائِد , صُحُف
✳️ Magazines: المجلات
✳️ Existed: موجود
⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️
ملاحظة: الترجمة آلية وقد لاتكون في سياق المقالة, نرحب بمساهماتكم في التعليقات
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Words of the article:
🔶 Memory:
▪️ [noun] the power of retaining and recalling past experience
▪️ [noun] an electronic memory device
🔶 Common:
▪️ [noun] a piece of open land for recreational use in an urban area
▪️ [adjective] common to or shared by two or more parties
🔶 Performing:
▪️ [noun] the performance of a part or role in a drama
🔶 Calculations:
▪️ [noun] the procedure of calculating; determining something by mathematical or logical methods
▪️ [noun] planning something carefully and intentionally
🔶 Processing:
▪️ [noun] preparing or putting through a prescribed procedure
🔶 Example:
▪️ [noun] a representative form or pattern
▪️ [noun] something to be imitated
🔶 Calculate:
▪️ [verb] predict in advance
▪️ [verb] have faith or confidence in
🔶 Finances:
▪️ [noun] assets in the form of money
🔶 Documents:
▪️ [noun] writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature)
▪️ [noun] (computer science) a computer file that contains text (and possibly formatting instructions) using seven-bit ASCII characters
🔶 Essays:
▪️ [verb] make an effort or attempt
▪️ [verb] put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to
🔶 Chess:
▪️ [noun] weedy annual native to Europe but widely distributed as a weed especially in wheat
▪️ [noun] a board game for two players who move their 16 pieces according to specific rules; the object is to checkmate the opponent's king
🔶 Prefer:
▪️ [verb] select as an alternative over another
▪️ [verb] promote over another
🔶 Require:
▪️ [verb] have need of
▪️ [verb] consider obligatory; request and expect
🔶 Reflexes:
▪️ [noun] an automatic instinctive unlearned reaction to a stimulus
▪️ [adjective] without volition or conscious control
🔶 Ordination:
▪️ [noun] the act of ordaining; the act of conferring (or receiving) holy orders
▪️ [noun] logical or comprehensible arrangement of separate elements
🔶 Detailed:
▪️ [adjective] developed or executed with care and in minute detail
🔶 Images:
▪️ [noun] an iconic mental representation
▪️ [noun] a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface
🔶 Popular:
▪️ [adjective] representing or appealing to or adapted for the benefit of the people at large
▪️ [adjective] (of music or art) new and of general appeal (especially among young people)
🔶 Communication:
▪️ [noun] the activity of communicating; the activity of conveying information
▪️ [noun] a connection allowing access between persons or places
🔶 Relatives:
▪️ [noun] an animal or plant that bears a relationship to another (as related by common descent or by membership in the same genus)
▪️ [noun] a person related by blood or marriage
🔶 Electronic:
▪️ [None] of or relating to electronics; concerned with or using devices that operate on principles governing the behavior of electrons
▪️ [None] of or concerned with electrons
🔶 Mail:
▪️ [verb] cause to be directed or transmitted to another place
▪️ [noun] (Middle Ages) flexible armor made of interlinked metal rings
🔶 Instantly:
▪️ [adverb] without any delay
▪️ [adverb] without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening
🔶 Attach:
▪️ [verb] take temporary possession of as a security, by legal authority
▪️ [verb] create social or emotional ties
🔶 Messages:
▪️ [noun] what a communication that is about something is about
▪️ [noun] a communication (usually brief) that is written or spoken or signaled
🔶 Gain:
▪️ [noun] the amount of increase in signal power or voltage or current expressed as the ratio of output to input
▪️ [verb] earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages
🔶 Vast:
▪️ [adjective] unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope
🔶 Network:
▪️ [noun] an open fabric of string or rope or wire woven together at regular intervals
▪️ [noun] (electronics) a system of interconnected electronic components or circuits
🔶 Topics:
▪️ [noun] the subject matter of a conversation or discussion
▪️ [noun] some situation or event that is thought about
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#Personal_Computers
During the 1980s and 1990s, personal computers became very widespread. The use of the computer has changed people's lifestyles in several ways.
Before 1980, hardly anyone owned a computer. Only governments and large companies had computers. But throughout the 1980s and 1990s, computers became much cheaper, faster, and smaller, and they held much more memory. More and more people were able to afford to buy a computer. By the year 2000, computers had become very common.
For many people, the personal computer is used mainly for performing calculations and for word processing. For example, people can calculate their finances on the computer. They can also use the computer to type their written documents, such as essays or letters.
Many people enjoy playing games on their computers. Some people like to play chess or checkers on their computer. Other people prefer games that require fast reflexes and fine co-ordination. Computer games were very simple during the early days of the 1980s. Today's computer games show detailed images and sounds.
Another very popular use of computers involves communication. Many people keep in touch with their friends and relatives by using electronic mail, or e-mail. E-mail allows people to send letters instantly to people far away. It is even possible to attach pictures to one's e-mail messages.
Many people also like to use their computer to gain information on the Internet. The Internet is a vast network of electronic pages where people can find information on many different topics. For example, people can read newspapers and magazines on the Internet.
Personal computers have only existed for a short time. But for many people, those computers have quickly become a very useful part of everyday life!
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#level2
@Practice_English
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Words of the article:
🔶 Rhyme:
▪️ [noun] a piece of poetry
▪️ [verb] compose rhymes
🔶 Rhyming:
▪️ [adjective] having corresponding sounds especially terminal sounds
🔶 Wings:
▪️ [noun] a means of flight or ascent
▪️ [noun] stylized bird wings worn as an insignia by qualified pilots or air crew members
🔶 Rhymes:
▪️ [noun] a piece of poetry
▪️ [verb] compose rhymes
🔶 Bat:
▪️ [noun] (baseball) a turn trying to get a hit
▪️ [noun] nocturnal mouselike mammal with forelimbs modified to form membranous wings and anatomical adaptations for echolocation by which they navigate
🔶 Lime:
▪️ [noun] any of various related trees bearing limes
▪️ [verb] spread birdlime on branches to catch birds
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🔆🔆🔆🔆🔆
#Rhyming_Words
Sometimes my friends and I play a game.
It's something we made up, so it doesn't have a name.
We like to take words that rhyme.
We put them together line by line.
Do you get the picture now? We're playing the game, and this is how.
I might say I like to drive a car.
I really don't like to go very far.
If I decide to take a walk, I'd go with a friend so that we could talk.
Do you see that these lines rhyme? Play the game if you have the time.
We could talk about school or even playing.
Do you know what I am saying? Rhyming words is easy to do.
It's fun for me; it can be fun for you.
Just join in and say something Or make it into a song that you can sing.
There are so many words that rhyme with others.
Like "smile" and "mile" and "mothers" and "brothers."
I could spend all day just making up these things.
I could let my imagination fly on wings Up to the clouds and back to my mind.
There are so many rhymes that I can find.
There are some words that are hard to find rhymes for.
I don't use those words anymore.
I like to choose words that are easy to rhyme.
Like "cat" and "bat" or "lime" and "time."
So give it a try, I know you'll have fun.
I'll say "goodbye," my rhyming is done.
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#level1
@Practice_English
🔆🔆🔆🔆🔆
#No_Questions
Dennis: Are you married?
Jane: No, I'm not. I'm single.
Dennis: Tell me about your new car. Is it large?
Jane: No, it's not. It is small.
Dennis: Tell me about the questions in your English book.
Are they difficult?
Jane: No, they're not. They are easy.
Dennis: Tell me about your new neighbors?
Are they quiet?
Jane: No, they aren't. They are noisy.
🔆🔆🔆🔆🔆
#level6
@Practice_English
🔶 Enlightenment:
▪️ [noun] a movement in Europe from about 1650 until 1800 that advocated the use of reason and individualism instead of tradition and established doctrine
▪️ [noun] (Hinduism and Buddhism) the beatitude that transcends the cycle of reincarnation; characterized by the extinction of desire and suffering and individual consciousness
🔶 Demonstrated:
▪️ [adjective] having been demonstrated or verified beyond doubt
🔶 Precisely:
▪️ [adverb] indicating exactness or preciseness
▪️ [adverb] in a precise manner
🔶 Blasphemy:
▪️ [noun] blasphemous behavior; the act of depriving something of its sacred character
▪️ [noun] blasphemous language (expressing disrespect for God or for something sacred)
🔶 Narrative:
▪️ [noun] a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program
▪️ [adjective] consisting of or characterized by the telling of a story
🔶 Novel:
▪️ [adjective] original and of a kind not seen before
▪️ [adjective] pleasantly new or different
🔶 Incompetent:
▪️ [adjective] legally not qualified or sufficient
▪️ [noun] someone who is not competent to take effective action
🔶 Succeed:
▪️ [verb] attain success or reach a desired goal
▪️ [verb] be the successor (of)
🔶 Dominates:
▪️ [verb] be greater in significance than
▪️ [verb] look down on
🔶 Deconstruct:
▪️ [verb] interpret (a text or an artwork) by the method of deconstructing
📚📚📚📚📚
📈 #Vocablary_Levels 📉
〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️
🔅🔅 Level14 🔅🔅
Baying
🔅🔅 Level13 🔅🔅
Fatwa
🔅🔅 Level10 🔅🔅
Effigies
🔅🔅 Level9 🔅🔅
Boulevards , Spurned
🔅🔅 Level8 🔅🔅
Heretics , Reasserted , Scapegoat , Satanic , Blasphemy
🔅🔅 Level7 🔅🔅
Mugged , Tarred , Trampling , Deconstruct
🔅🔅 Level6 🔅🔅
Discontents , Fanatic
🔅🔅 Level5 🔅🔅
Persecuted , Witches , Persecution , Hatred , Tormentor , Mobs , Slogans , Nowadays , Martyr
🔅🔅 Level4 🔅🔅
Drowning , Metaphor , Balloon , Despair , Appalled , Savaged , Marching , Marchers , Verses , Arouses , Enlightenment
🔅🔅 Level3 🔅🔅
Religions , Religious , Whispers , Logic , Novelist , Approvingly , Immigrant , Racist , Distant , Echoes , Holy , Stimulated , Demonstrated , Precisely , Narrative , Novel , Incompetent , Succeed , Dominates
🔅🔅 Level2 🔅🔅
Recognize , Original , Refuse , Accused , Community , Feathered , Victim , Example , Minority , Weaker , Specific , Murderous , Instances , Entertained , Including , Affair , Accusations , Row , Argument , Grand , Belong , Equally , Attempt , Failed
🔅🔅 Level1 🔅🔅
Out , There , Where , You , Are , In , The , Rich , And , Powerful , Lucky , West , Has , It , Really , Been , So , Long , Since , People , Burning , Them , As , That , Can , T , When , See , Itself , I , M , Back , Asking , For , Right , To , Live , What , Is , My , Single , Life , Worth , Ear , Not , A , Lot , But , Give , Because , Ve , Shown , Love , Well , Know , Many , Do , Care , By , Crazy , Upside , Down , Of , Post , World , Which , Be , Having , Or , Whole , Becoming , Its , Instead , All , Ask , White , Pop , Star , Turned , Speaks , About , Killing , An , How , Does , End , Up , Being , Called , Again , Smaller , Than , One , Even , Though , Thousand , Days , More , Put , Through , Degree , Course , Worthlessness , Own , Personal , First , Teachers , Were , Blood , Finding , Soon , Enough , Their , On , Streets , Could , Understand , Force , Makes , Parents , Hang , Around , Children , S , Necks , Have , Learned , Burns , Books , Thinks , At , Watched , Felt , Heart , Once , However , Saved , Fair , Mindedness , Goodness , Every , Time , Learn , Reader , Somewhere , Touched , Moved , Deep , Feelings , Me , Such , Readers , Tells , Who , Willing , Burned , Child , Hearing , Last , Sometimes , Think , Day , Will , Ashamed , Did , These , Times , Find , Improbable , Now , Finds , They , May , Agree , Freedom , Thought , From , Control , Maybe , Ll , Too , Over , Was , Bottom , Should , Power , Story , Must , Everyone , If , Retell , Would , Still , Important , Others , Those , Lives , Rethink , Joke , Change , Truly , Powerless , Cannot , New , Thoughts
〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️
@Practice_English
⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️
Words of the article:
✳️ Approved: مُعْتَمَد
✳️ Colonies: مَهَاجِر
✳️ Eastern: شَرْقِيّ , مَشْرِقِيّ , مَشَارِقَة
✳️ Colony: مُسْتَعْمَرَة , مَهْجَر
✳️ Permanent: قَائِم
✳️ Colonists: المستعمرون
✳️ Huts: أَكْوَاخ
✳️ Beads: خَرَز , حَبَاب
✳️ Copper: نُحَاس
✳️ Interior: دَخِيلَة , دَوَاخِل
✳️ Companions: صُحْبَة , صَحْب , قُرَنَاء , نُدَمَاء
✳️ Captured: مَأْسُور
✳️ Compass: بُوصَلَة , إِبْرَة اَلْمَلَّاحِينَ , بَيْت اَلْإِبْرَةِ , فِرْجَار
✳️ Captors: خاطفون
✳️ Tribes: قَبَائِل
✳️ Warriors: المحاربون
✳️ Explored: استكشف
✳️ Plot: حَبْكَة اَلرِّوَايَةِ , عُقْدَة اَلْمَسْرَحِيَّةِ , عُقْدَة اَلرِّوَايَةِ , عُقْدَة , حَبْكَة دِرَامِيَّة , اَلْحَبْكَة اَلدِّرَامِيَّة , مُؤَامَرَة , مَكِيدَة , مَكَايِد
✳️ Explosion: تَفْجِير , اِنْفِجَار
⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️
ملاحظة: الترجمة آلية وقد لاتكون في سياق المقالة, نرحب بمساهماتكم في التعليقات
📈 #Vocablary_Levels 📉
〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️
🔅🔅 Level9 🔅🔅
Captors
🔅🔅 Level6 🔅🔅
Compass
🔅🔅 Level4 🔅🔅
Huts , Beads , Copper , Warriors
🔅🔅 Level3 🔅🔅
Approved , Colonies , Eastern , Colony , Permanent , Colonists , Interior , Companions , Captured , Tribes , Explored , Plot , Explosion
🔅🔅 Level2 🔅🔅
Establishment , Coast , Northern , Lasted , Southern , Tents , September , Lacked , Energetic , Captain , Determined , Survive , Pressured , Daring , Villages , Demanding , Threatened , Attacked , Alive , Chief , Impressed , Spared , Dragged , Village , Belonging , Region , Advisors , Begged , Effect , Released , January , Accidentally , Suffered , Attendants , Map , Valuable , Future , Elected , Encouraged , Refused , Supply , Starve , Warned , Attempts , Peaceful , Injured , Remained , Buried , Determination
🔅🔅 Level1 🔅🔅
In , King , Of , The , Two , Along , Only , A , Year , One , At , Became , S , First , Settlement , Company , Sent , Settlers , To , Lived , All , Summer , By , More , Than , Were , Dead , Because , They , Good , Food , Or , Water , Leaders , Not , And , Did , Little , Make , Find , Member , Was , That , Would , Build , Church , He , Made , Trips , Give , Return , For , Who , Trying , Leave , Go , Back , On , His , Killed , But , Him , Taken , Local , This , Life , From , Finally , Arrived , Town , Great , Talked , About , What , Do , With , Suddenly , Forward , Head , Pushed , Against , Stone , Raised , Their , Clubs , Kill , Then , Twelve , Old , Daughter , Her , Words , Had , No , So , Ran , She , Took , Arms , Laid , Own , Went , Soon , After , Returned , Hundred , New , It , Very , Cold , Winter , Set , Fire , Hunger , Rest , Every , Four , Five , Days , Came , Brought , Hungry , Even , Half , Them , Died , Part , Be , Sailors , Leader , However , Some , Like , Having , Follow , Rules , Try , Agreed , Also , Hoping , Out , Fight , Off , Several , Seemed , Growing , Late , An , Friend , Married , Traveled , Husband , Son , There , Saw , Once , Again , Surprised , See , Unable , Speak , Believed , Following , Love , Saved , Given
〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️
@Practice_English
⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️
Words of the article:
✳️ Explorers: المستكشفين
✳️ Conquerors: الغزاة
✳️ Religious: ديني
✳️ Founded: تأسست
✳️ Structure: بناء
✳️ Persuaded: مقتنع
✳️ Authorities: سلطات
✳️ Acres: فدان
✳️ Shortly: قريبا
✳️ Charter: ميثاق
✳️ Confirmed: مؤكد
✳️ Independent: مستقل
✳️ Administrator: مدير
✳️ Colony: مستعمرة
✳️ Cattle: ماشية
✳️ Ranching: تربية
✳️ Profitable: مربح
✳️ Meanwhile: في أثناء
✳️ Infuriated: أغضب
✳️ Jail: سجن
✳️ Besieged: محاصرة
✳️ Fierce: شرس
✳️ Surrendered: استسلم
✳️ Supreme: أعلى فائق
✳️ Volunteers: المتطوعين
✳️ Siege: حصار
✳️ Fiery: ناري
✳️ Sharpshooters: Sharpshooters
✳️ Fort: الحصن
✳️ Cannon: مدفع
✳️ Bombard: قصف
✳️ Crumble: الانهيار
✳️ Overcame: تغلب
✳️ Defenders: المدافعين
✳️ Raging: تحتدم
✳️ Declared: أعلن
✳️ Independence: استقلال
✳️ Retreated: تراجعت
✳️ Bulk: حجم كبير
✳️ Troops: القوات
✳️ Swampy: مستنقع
✳️ Siesta: سيستا
✳️ Republic: جمهورية
⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️
ملاحظة: الترجمة آلية وقد لاتكون في سياق المقالة, نرحب بمساهماتكم في التعليقات
📚📚📚📚📚
Words of the article:
🔶 Explorers:
▪️ [noun] someone who travels into little known regions (especially for some scientific purpose)
▪️ [noun] a commercial browser
🔶 Conquerors:
▪️ [noun] someone who is victorious by force of arms
🔶 Religious:
▪️ [adjective] concerned with sacred matters or religion or the church
▪️ [noun] a member of a religious order who is bound by vows of poverty and chastity and obedience
🔶 Structure:
▪️ [noun] the people in a society considered as a system organized by a characteristic pattern of relationships
▪️ [noun] a particular complex anatomical part of a living thing and its construction and arrangement
🔶 Authorities:
▪️ [noun] the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit
🔶 Acres:
▪️ [noun] extensive landed property (especially in the country) retained by the owner for his own use
🔶 Shortly:
▪️ [adverb] in the near future
▪️ [adverb] in a concise manner; in a few words
🔶 Charter:
▪️ [verb] hold under a lease or rental agreement; of goods and services
▪️ [verb] engage for service under a term of contract
🔶 Confirmed:
▪️ [adjective] having been established or made firm or received the rite of confirmation
▪️ [adjective] of persons; not subject to change
🔶 Independent:
▪️ [adjective] (of a clause) capable of standing syntactically alone as a complete sentence
▪️ [adjective] (of political bodies) not controlled by outside forces
🔶 Administrator:
▪️ [noun] someone who manages a government agency or department
▪️ [noun] someone who administers a business
🔶 Colony:
▪️ [noun] a geographical area politically controlled by a distant country
▪️ [noun] a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government
🔶 Cattle:
▪️ [noun] domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age
🔶 Ranching:
▪️ [noun] farming for the raising of livestock (particularly cattle)
🔶 Profitable:
▪️ [adjective] yielding material gain or profit
🔶 Meanwhile:
▪️ [noun] the time between one event, process, or period and another
▪️ [adverb] during the intervening time
🔶 Infuriated:
▪️ [adjective] marked by extreme anger
🔶 Jail:
▪️ [verb] lock up or confine, in or as in a jail
▪️ [noun] a correctional institution used to detain persons who are in the lawful custody of the government (either accused persons awaiting trial or convicted persons serving a sentence)
🔶 Besieged:
▪️ [adjective] surrounded by hostile forces
🔶 Fierce:
▪️ [adjective] ruthless in competition
▪️ [adjective] violently agitated and turbulent
🔶 Supreme:
▪️ [adjective] greatest or maximal in degree; extreme
▪️ [adjective] greatest in status or authority or power
🔶 Volunteers:
▪️ [noun] a person who performs voluntary work
▪️ [verb] agree freely
🔶 Siege:
▪️ [noun] the action of an armed force that surrounds a fortified place and isolates it while continuing to attack
🔶 Fiery:
▪️ [adjective] very intense
▪️ [adjective] like or suggestive of fire
🔶 Sharpshooters:
▪️ [noun] someone skilled in shooting
▪️ [noun] a fast schooner once used by New England fisherman for illegal fishing in Canadian waters
🔶 Fort:
▪️ [noun] a fortified defensive structure
▪️ [verb] gather in, or as if in, a fort, as for protection or defense
🔶 Cannon:
▪️ [noun] lower part of the leg extending from the hock to the fetlock in hoofed mammals
▪️ [noun] a shot in billiards in which the cue ball contacts one object ball and then the other
🔶 Bombard:
▪️ [verb] throw bombs at or attack with bombs
▪️ [noun] a large shawm; the bass member of the shawm family
🔶 Crumble:
▪️ [verb] fall into decay or ruin
▪️ [verb] break or fall apart into fragments
🔶 Defenders:
▪️ [noun] a fighter who holds out against attack
▪️ [noun] a person who cares for persons or property
🔶 Raging:
▪️ [adjective] characterized by violent and forceful activity or movement; very intense
▪️ [adjective] (of the elements) as if showing violent anger
🔆🔆🔆🔆🔆
#Remember_The_Alamo!
The first Europeans in the American Southwest were Spanish explorers and conquerors. They were followed by religious orders that set up missions to Christianize the Indians. One of these missions was San Antonio de Valero; it was founded in 1718 in what is now San Antonio, Texas. Later, the mission structure became known as The Alamo.
In 1821, Moses Austin had persuaded the Spanish authorities to give him a charger to settle 200,000 acres in Texas. The elder Austin died shortly after this. Five weeks later, his son Stephen Austin traveled to San Antonio to have this charter confirmed by the Spanish governor. In 1822, Austin led 150 settlers into Texas. When Austin learned afterwards that Mexico was now independent of Spain, he journeyed to Mexico City to have his charter reconfirmed. The Mexicans appointed Austin regional administrator for his colony.
Texas grew rapidly. Cotton farming and cattle ranching were profitable and attracted American settlers. By 1830, there were 16,000 Americans in Texas--four times the Spanish-Mexican population.
Sam Houston had been a successful soldier and politician. He was a friend and supporter of President Andrew Jackson. However, personal problems and political difficulties led him to leave the U.S.A. for Texas.
Meanwhile, the struggle for control of Mexico had been won in 1833 by Santa Ana. However, the independent thinking of the Texans infuriated Santa Ana. He had Stephen Austin thrown in jail, and sent an army into Texas. Austin was released from jail in time to organize the defense of Texas. The Mexican army was besieged inside the Alamo, and after fierce fighting, surrendered. The Mexicans were allowed to go home.
Sam Houston was now elected the State's supreme commander. Not long after this, Santa Ana approached Texas with an army of 6,000 men. Houston decided not to meet Santa Ana in open battle but to wait for an advantage. He sent frontiersman Jim Bowie to the Alamo. Bowie's orders were to leave San Antonio and destroy the Alamo.
When Bowie arrived, however, Texas volunteers were preparing the Alamo for a siege. Bowie and his men pitched in to help. Other volunteers came. The fiery William Travis arrived with 25 men. Then, the famous frontiersman, Davy Crockett, came with a dozen Tennessee sharpshooters. When Santa Ana attacked, there were 183 Americans inside the fort.
Santa Ana brought up cannon to bombard the Alamo. As the walls began to crumble, 4,000 Mexicans attacked from all four sides. The Mexicans overcame all resistance because of their large numbers, but they suffered very heavy losses. All the American defenders were killed.
While the battle was raging, the Texans back at the colony declared their independence from Mexico.
Sam Houston now gathered men to fight the Mexican army. At first, he retreated while waiting for a suitable opportunity. When Santa Ana's rapid advance left the bulk of the Mexican army behind, Houston prepared to fight. Santa Ana's advance troops moved into swampy land by the San Jacinto River. Houston's men attacked while the Mexicans were having their midday siesta. Their battle cry was "Remember the Alamo!" The battle was soon over. Many Mexicans were killed, but only a couple of Texans were killed. Santa Ana was a prisoner.
Santa Ana readily agreed now to recognize Texas as an independent republic. Ninety years later, in 1845, Texas became the 28th State of the U.S.A.
🔆🔆🔆🔆🔆
#level4
@Practice_English
📚📚📚📚📚
Words of the article:
🔶 Athletes:
▪️ [noun] a person trained to compete in sports
🔶 Sprint:
▪️ [noun] a quick run
▪️ [verb] run very fast, usually for a short distance
🔶 Endurance:
▪️ [noun] a state of surviving; remaining alive
▪️ [noun] the power to withstand hardship or stress
🔶 Marathon:
▪️ [noun] any long and arduous undertaking
▪️ [noun] a battle in 490 BC in which the Athenians and their allies defeated the Persians
🔶 Pace:
▪️ [noun] a unit of length equal to 3 feet; defined as 91.44 centimeters; originally taken to be the average length of a stride
▪️ [noun] the relative speed of progress or change
🔶 Mixture:
▪️ [noun] a collection containing a variety of sorts of things
▪️ [noun] the act of mixing together
🔶 Athlete:
▪️ [noun] a person trained to compete in sports
🔶 Baton:
▪️ [noun] a short stout club used primarily by policemen
▪️ [noun] a thin tapered rod used by a conductor to lead an orchestra or choir
🔶 Cooperate:
▪️ [verb] work together on a common enterprise of project
🔶 Compete:
▪️ [verb] compete for something; engage in a contest; measure oneself against others
🔶 Javelin:
▪️ [noun] an athletic competition in which a javelin is thrown as far as possible
▪️ [noun] a spear thrown as a weapon or in competitive field events
🔶 Spear:
▪️ [noun] an implement with a shaft and barbed point used for catching fish
▪️ [noun] a long pointed rod used as a tool or weapon
🔶 Talent:
▪️ [noun] natural abilities or qualities
▪️ [noun] a person who possesses unusual innate ability in some field or activity
📚📚📚📚📚
🔆🔆🔆🔆🔆
#Track_and_Field
In many parts of the world, the sport of track and field is very popular. Actually, the sport of track and field includes many different sports. In some of these sports, the athletes run on a track. The athletes race against each other to find out who can run the fastest. Some of these track events require great speed for a short distance. In the 100 metre race, the athletes must sprint as quickly as possible. Some athletes can run 100 metres in only 10 seconds!
Other track races are much longer, and these events require great endurance. In the marathon, the athletes must run a distance of 42 kilometres. Because this is such a long distance, the athletes cannot run too quickly at the start. Instead, it is important to run at a steady pace and keep some energy for the end of the race. Some athletes can run the marathon in little more than two hours!
Some races are called middle distance races because the distance is not very short, yet it is also not very long. For example, the 1500 metres requires a mixture of speed and endurance. Some athletes can run the 1500 metres in less than four minutes! There are also some track events for people who use a wheelchair. Wheelchair athletes can race even faster than athletes who run!
Some of the races on the track are for teams of four runners. Each athlete carries a small stick called a baton. After running a certain distance, the runner must hand the baton to a team-mate, who then runs with the baton. To win this race, the team's runners must be very fast, but they must also cooperate very well with each other.
In the field events, athletes compete by jumping or throwing. In the long jump, the athletes run up to a line, and then try to jump as far forward as possible. In the high jump, the athletes must try to jump over a very high bar. Another field event is called the shot put. In this event, the athletes try to throw a heavy metal ball as far as possible. Yet another field event is called the javelin throw. In this event, the athletes try to throw a long spear as far as possible. Athletes who compete in the throwing events must be very strong!
Both men and women compete in the sport of track and field. Many boys and girls enjoy track and field as part of their education in school. Those boys and girls who have much talent, and who work very hard, might someday compete in the Olympics. But for most people, track and field is just a fun and healthy way to get exercise and to make friends.
🔆🔆🔆🔆🔆
#level3
@Practice_English
🔶 Newspapers:
▪️ [noun] the physical object that is the product of a newspaper publisher
▪️ [noun] cheap paper made from wood pulp and used for printing newspapers
🔶 Magazines:
▪️ [noun] a business firm that publishes magazines
▪️ [noun] a metal frame or container holding cartridges; can be inserted into an automatic gun
📚📚📚📚📚
📈 #Vocablary_Levels 📉
〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️
🔅🔅 Level8 🔅🔅
Ordination
🔅🔅 Level6 🔅🔅
Chess , Reflexes
🔅🔅 Level3 🔅🔅
Documents , Essays , Communication , Relatives , Electronic , Vast , Network
🔅🔅 Level2 🔅🔅
Memory , Common , Performing , Calculations , Processing , Example , Calculate , Finances , Prefer , Require , Detailed , Images , Popular , Mail , Instantly , Attach , Messages , Gain , Topics , Newspapers , Magazines , Existed
🔅🔅 Level1 🔅🔅
During , The , S , And , Personal , Computers , Became , Very , Use , Of , Computer , Has , Changed , People , In , Several , Ways , Before , Hardly , Anyone , Owned , A , Only , Governments , Large , Companies , Had , But , Throughout , Much , Cheaper , Faster , Smaller , They , Held , More , Were , Able , To , Afford , Buy , By , Year , Become , For , Many , Is , Used , Mainly , Word , Can , Their , On , Also , Type , Written , Such , As , Or , Letters , Enjoy , Playing , Games , Some , Like , Play , Checkers , Other , That , Fast , Fine , Co , Simple , Early , Days , Today , Show , Sounds , Another , Involves , Keep , Touch , With , Friends , Using , Allows , Send , Far , Away , It , Even , Possible , Pictures , One , Information , Internet , Pages , Where , Find , Different , Read , Have , Short , Time , Those , Quickly , Useful , Part , Everyday , Life
〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️
@Practice_English
⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️
Words of the article:
✳️ Rhyme: قَافِيَة , سَجْعَة
✳️ Rhyming: القافية
✳️ Wings: أَجْنِحَة
✳️ Clouds: سُحُب , سَحَاب , سَحَائِب , غَمَام , غَمَائِم , غَيْم , غُيُوم , أَعْنَان , مُزْن
✳️ Rhymes: قَوَافٍ
✳️ Bat: مِضْرَب , خُفَّاش , خُفَّاشِيّ , وَطْوَاط
✳️ Lime: جِير , جِيرِيّ , كِلْس
⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️
ملاحظة: الترجمة آلية وقد لاتكون في سياق المقالة, نرحب بمساهماتكم في التعليقات
📈 #Vocablary_Levels 📉
〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️
🔅🔅 Level6 🔅🔅
Rhyme , Rhyming , Rhymes
🔅🔅 Level5 🔅🔅
Lime
🔅🔅 Level2 🔅🔅
Wings , Clouds , Bat
🔅🔅 Level1 🔅🔅
Sometimes , My , Friends , And , I , Play , A , Game , It , S , Something , We , Made , Up , So , Doesn , T , Have , Name , Like , To , Take , Words , That , Put , Them , Together , Line , By , Do , You , Get , The , Picture , Now , Re , Playing , This , Is , How , Might , Say , Drive , Car , Really , Don , Go , Very , Far , If , Decide , Walk , D , With , Friend , Could , Talk , See , These , Lines , Time , About , School , Or , Even , Know , What , Am , Saying , Easy , Fun , For , Me , Can , Be , Just , Join , In , Make , Into , Song , Sing , There , Are , Many , Others , Smile , Mile , Mothers , Brothers , Spend , All , Day , Making , Things , Let , Imagination , Fly , On , Back , Mind , Find , Some , Hard , Use , Those , Anymore , Choose , Cat , Give , Try , Ll , Goodbye , Done
〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️
@Practice_English
📈 #Vocablary_Levels 📉
〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️
🔅🔅 Level1 🔅🔅
Are , You , Married , No , I , M , Not , Single , Tell , Me , About , Your , New , Car , Is , It , Large , S , Small , The , Questions , In , Book , They , Difficult , Re , Easy , Neighbors , Quiet , Aren , T , Noisy
〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️
@Practice_English
⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️
Words of the article:
✳️ Religions: أَدْيَان , مِلَل
✳️ Persecuted: مُضْطَهَد
✳️ Heretics: زَنَادِقَة , زَنَادِيق , أَصْحَاب اَلْأَهْوَاءِ
✳️ Drowning: إِغْرَاق , مُغْرِق
✳️ Witches: السحرة
✳️ Religious: مُتَدَيِّن , تَدَيُّنِيّ , دِينِيّ
✳️ Persecution: اِضْطِهَاد , اِضْطِهَادِيّ
✳️ Metaphor: مَجَاز , اِسْتِعَارَة
✳️ Reasserted: أعيد تأكيده
✳️ Balloon: نُفَّاخَة , بَالُون , بَالُونَة , مُنْطَاد
✳️ Despair: قُنُوط , قَنُوط , يَأْس , إِيَاس
✳️ Whispers: همسات
✳️ Hatred: بُغْض , حِقْد , شَنَآن , كَرَاهَة , كَرَاهِيَة , بَغْضَائِيّ , بَغْضَائِيَّة
✳️ Appalled: مروع
✳️ Logic: منطق
✳️ Fatwa: فاتوا
✳️ Novelist: رِوَائِيّ , قَصَّاص , كَاتِب قَصَصِيّ , قُصَّاص , قَصَصِيّ
✳️ Savaged: وحد
✳️ Mugged: سرب
✳️ Tormentor: مُعَذِّب
✳️ Tarred: تورز
✳️ Scapegoat: كَبْش اَلْفِدَاءِ
✳️ Discontents: يسخن
✳️ Fanatic: مُتَعَصِّب , مُتَعَنِّت
✳️ Approvingly: بشكل موافق
✳️ Immigrant: مُهَاجِر
✳️ Racist: عُنْصُريّ
✳️ Mobs: الغوغاء
✳️ Marching: مسيرة
✳️ Distant: مُتَبَاعِد , مُنْزَاح
✳️ Boulevards: شوارع
✳️ Baying: حربة
✳️ Echoes: أصداء
✳️ Slogans: شعارات
✳️ Effigies: دمية
✳️ Holy: قُدْسِيّ
✳️ Marchers: مسيرات
✳️ Trampling: تدوس
✳️ Satanic: إِبْلِيسِيّ
✳️ Verses: آي
✳️ Stimulated: مُنَشَّط
✳️ Arouses: يثير
✳️ Nowadays: في الوقت الحاضر
✳️ Spurned: رفضت
✳️ Martyr: مُسْتَشْهِد
✳️ Enlightenment: تَثْقِيف , تَنْوِير , تَبْصِرَة
✳️ Demonstrated: مُبَرهن
✳️ Precisely: بدقة
✳️ Blasphemy: جَدَّفَ , تَجْدِيف
✳️ Narrative: رواية
✳️ Novel: رِوَائِيَّة , جَدِيد
✳️ Incompetent: عَدِيم اَلْأَهْلِيَّةِ , نَاقِص اَلْأَهْلِيَّةِ , عَجَزَة
✳️ Succeed: بَرَعَ , أَفْلَحَ , نَجَّحَ
✳️ Dominates: يهيمن
✳️ Deconstruct: تفكك
⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️
ملاحظة: الترجمة آلية وقد لاتكون في سياق المقالة, نرحب بمساهماتكم في التعليقات
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Words of the article:
🔶 Religions:
▪️ [noun] a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny
▪️ [noun] an institution to express belief in a divine power
🔶 Heretics:
▪️ [noun] a person who holds religious beliefs in conflict with the dogma of the Roman Catholic Church
▪️ [noun] a person who holds unorthodox opinions in any field (not merely religion)
🔶 Witches:
▪️ [noun] a female sorcerer or magician
▪️ [noun] an ugly evil-looking old woman
🔶 Religious:
▪️ [adjective] concerned with sacred matters or religion or the church
▪️ [noun] a member of a religious order who is bound by vows of poverty and chastity and obedience
🔶 Persecution:
▪️ [noun] the act of persecuting (especially on the basis of race or religion)
🔶 Metaphor:
▪️ [noun] a figure of speech in which an expression is used to refer to something that it does not literally denote in order to suggest a similarity
🔶 Balloon:
▪️ [verb] become inflated
▪️ [noun] large tough nonrigid bag filled with gas or heated air
🔶 Despair:
▪️ [noun] a state in which all hope is lost or absent
▪️ [verb] abandon hope; give up hope; lose heart
🔶 Whispers:
▪️ [noun] speaking softly without vibration of the vocal cords
▪️ [noun] a light noise, like the noise of silk clothing or leaves blowing in the wind
🔶 Hatred:
▪️ [noun] the emotion of intense dislike; a feeling of dislike so strong that it demands action
🔶 Appalled:
▪️ [adjective] struck with fear, dread, or consternation
🔶 Logic:
▪️ [noun] a system of reasoning
▪️ [noun] reasoned and reasonable judgment
🔶 Fatwa:
▪️ [noun] a ruling on a point of Islamic law that is given by a recognized authority
🔶 Novelist:
▪️ [noun] one who writes novels
🔶 Tormentor:
▪️ [noun] someone who torments
▪️ [noun] a flat at each side of the stage to prevent the audience from seeing into the wings
🔶 Scapegoat:
▪️ [noun] someone who is punished for the errors of others
🔶 Discontents:
▪️ [noun] a longing for something better than the present situation
▪️ [adjective] showing or experiencing dissatisfaction or restless longing
🔶 Fanatic:
▪️ [adjective] marked by excessive enthusiasm for and intense devotion to a cause or idea
▪️ [noun] a person motivated by irrational enthusiasm (as for a cause)
🔶 Approvingly:
▪️ [None] in an approving manner
🔶 Immigrant:
▪️ [noun] a person who comes to a country where they were not born in order to settle there
🔶 Racist:
▪️ [noun] a person with a prejudiced belief that one racial group is superior to others
▪️ [adjective] discriminatory especially on the basis of race or religion
🔶 Marching:
▪️ [noun] the act of marching; walking with regular steps (especially in a procession of some kind)
🔶 Distant:
▪️ [adjective] far apart in relevance or relationship or kinship
▪️ [adjective] remote in manner
🔶 Boulevards:
▪️ [noun] a wide street or thoroughfare
🔶 Slogans:
▪️ [noun] a favorite saying of a sect or political group
🔶 Holy:
▪️ [noun] a sacred place of pilgrimage
▪️ [adjective] belonging to or derived from or associated with a divine power
🔶 Marchers:
▪️ [noun] walks with regular or stately step
▪️ [noun] fights on foot with small arms
🔶 Trampling:
▪️ [noun] the sound of heavy treading or stomping
🔶 Satanic:
▪️ [adjective] extremely evil or cruel; expressive of cruelty or befitting hell
▪️ [None] of or relating to Satan
🔶 Verses:
▪️ [noun] a piece of poetry
▪️ [noun] a line of metrical text
🔶 Stimulated:
▪️ [adjective] emotionally aroused
🔶 Arouses:
▪️ [verb] call forth (emotions, feelings, and responses)
▪️ [verb] summon into action or bring into existence, often as if by magic
🔶 Nowadays:
▪️ [noun] the period of time that is happening now; any continuous stretch of time including the moment of speech
▪️ [adverb] in these times
🔶 Spurned:
▪️ [adjective] rebuffed (by a lover) without warning
🔶 Martyr:
▪️ [noun] one who suffers for the sake of principle
▪️ [verb] torture and torment like a martyr
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#Salman_Rushdie:_'Life_Under_Threat'_(2)
Out there where you are, in the rich and powerful and lucky west, has it really been so long since religions persecuted people, burning them as heretics, drowning them as witches, that you can't recognize religious persecution when you see it? . . . The original metaphor has reasserted itself. I'm back in the balloon, asking for the right to live.
What is my single life worth" Despair whispers in my ear: 'Not a lot.' But I refuse to give in to despair.
I refuse to give in to despair because I've been shown love as well as hatred. I know that many people do care, and are appalled by the crazy, upside-down logic of the post-fatwa world, in which a single novelist can be accused of having savaged or 'mugged' a whole community, becoming its tormentor (instead of its tarred and feathered victim) and the scapegoat for all its discontents. Many people do ask, for example: When a white pop-
star-turned-Islamic-fanatic speaks approvingly about killing an Indian immigrant, how does the Indian immigrant end up being called the racist? Or, again: What minority is smaller and weaker than a minority of one? I refuse to give in to despair even though, for a thousand days and more, I've been put through a degree course in worthlessness, my own personal and specific worthlessness. My first teachers were the mobs marching down distant boulevards, baying for my blood, and finding, soon enough, their echoes on the English streets. I could not understand the force that makes parents hang murderous slogans around their children's necks. I have learned to understand it. It burns books and effigies and thinks itself holy. But at first, as I watched the marchers, I felt them trampling on my heart.
Once again, however, I have been saved by instances of fair-mindedness, of goodness. Every time I learn that a reader somewhere has been touched by The Satanic Verses, moved and entertained and stimulated by it, it arouses deep feelings in me. And there are more and more such readers nowadays, my postbag tells me, readers (including Muslims) who are willing to give my burned, spurned child a fair hearing at long last.
Sometimes I think that, one day, Muslims will be ashamed of what Muslims did in these times, will find the 'Rushdie affair' as improbable as the west now finds martyr-burning. One day they may agree that - as the European Enlightenment demonstrated- freedom of thought is precisely freedom from religious control, freedom from accusations of blasphemy.
Maybe they'll agree, too, that the row over The Satanic Verses was at bottom an argument about who should have power over the grand narrative, the Story of Islam, and that power must belong equally to everyone. That even if my novel were incompetent, its attempt to retell the story would still be important. That if I've failed, others must succeed, because those who do not have power over the story that dominates their lives, power to retell it, rethink it, deconstruct it, joke about it, and change it as times change, truly are powerless, because they cannot think new thoughts.
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#level5
@Practice_English
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Words of the article:
🔶 Approved:
▪️ [adjective] established by authority; given authoritative approval
🔶 Eastern:
▪️ [adjective] from the east; used especially of winds
▪️ [adjective] lying in or toward the east
🔶 Colony:
▪️ [noun] a geographical area politically controlled by a distant country
▪️ [noun] a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government
🔶 Permanent:
▪️ [noun] a series of waves in the hair made by applying heat and chemicals
▪️ [adjective] continuing or enduring without marked change in status or condition or place
🔶 Colonists:
▪️ [noun] a person who settles in a new colony or moves into new country
🔶 Huts:
▪️ [noun] temporary military shelter
▪️ [noun] small crude shelter used as a dwelling
🔶 Beads:
▪️ [noun] several beads threaded together on a string
🔶 Copper:
▪️ [noun] a reddish-brown color resembling the color of polished copper
▪️ [noun] uncomplimentary terms for a policeman
🔶 Interior:
▪️ [adjective] of or coming from the middle of a region or country
▪️ [noun] the United States federal department charged with conservation and the development of natural resources; created in 1849
🔶 Companions:
▪️ [noun] a traveler who accompanies you
▪️ [verb] be a companion to somebody
🔶 Compass:
▪️ [noun] the limit of capability
▪️ [noun] an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control:
🔶 Captors:
▪️ [noun] a person who captures and holds people or animals
🔶 Tribes:
▪️ [noun] group of people related by blood or marriage
▪️ [noun] a federation (as of American Indians)
🔶 Warriors:
▪️ [noun] someone engaged in or experienced in warfare
🔶 Plot:
▪️ [verb] make a plat of
▪️ [noun] a secret scheme to do something (especially something underhand or illegal)
🔶 Explosion:
▪️ [noun] a violent release of energy caused by a chemical or nuclear reaction
▪️ [noun] the act of exploding or bursting
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#Pocahontas_and_John_Smith
In 1606, King James of England approved the establishment of two colonies along the eastern coast of America. The northern colony in Maine lasted only a year. The southern one at Jamestown in Virginia became England's first permanent settlement in America.
In 1607, the Virginia Company sent 104 settlers to Virginia. The settlers lived in tents all summer. By September, more than 60 were dead because they lacked good food or water. The leaders of the colony were not energetic and did little to make the settlers find food. One member of the company, Captain John Smith, was determined that the colony would survive. Smith pressured the colonists to build huts, a storehouse, and a church. He made daring trips to Indian villages, demanding that they give the settlers food in return for beads and copper. He threatened settlers who were trying to leave the colony and go back to England.
On one of his trips to the interior, Indians attacked John Smith. They killed his two companions but captured him alive. He was taken first to the local chief. This chief was impressed by Smith's compass and spared his life. His captors dragged Smith from village to village. He finally arrived at the town belonging to Powhatan. Powhatan was the great chief for all of the tribes in that region. Powhatan and his advisors talked about what to do with Smith. Suddenly, Smith was dragged forward, and his head was pushed against a stone. The warriors raised their clubs to kill Smith. Then Pocahontas, who was Powhatan's twelve-year-old daughter, begged for his life. Her words had no effect, so Pocahontas ran to Smith. She took his head in her arms and laid her own head against his head. Smith was released and went back to Jamestown.
Soon after Smith returned, one hundred new settlers from England arrived. It was a very cold winter, and in January, Jamestown was accidentally set on fire. The settlers suffered from cold and hunger the rest of the winter. Every four or five days, Pocahontas and her attendants came. They brought food for the hungry settlers. Even so, half of them died.
In the summer, John Smith explored that part of the coast of America. He made a map that would be very valuable for future sailors and settlers.
On his return, Smith was elected leader of the colony at Jamestown. However, some settlers did not like having to follow rules. Some encouraged the Indians to try to kill Smith. Chief Powhatan agreed. He also refused to supply food to the colony, hoping to starve them out. Pocahontas warned Smith about the plot against his life. Smith had to fight off several attempts to kill him. Finally, the colony seemed to be growing, and the Indians became peaceful. But in late 1609, Smith was injured in an explosion and returned to England.
Pocahontas remained a friend to the colony. She married John Rolfe, one of the settlers. In 1616, she traveled to England with her husband and son. There she saw John Smith once again. She was so surprised to see him that she was unable to speak for several days. Pocahontas had believed that Smith was dead. The following year she died and was buried in England.
Pocahontas' love for Smith, and Smith's determination to fight for the colony, had saved Jamestown and given the English their first colony in America.
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#level4
@Practice_English