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12))

# Calculate hourly intervals for the day period
hour_day_1=$(date -d "$HOUR_SUNRISE:$MINUTES_SUNRISE today + 0 minutes" +'%H:%M')

for i in {2..12}; do
minutes_x=$(( "$DAYLIGHT_PERIOD" * ($i - 1) ))
hour_day=$(date -d "$HOUR_SUNRISE:$MINUTES_SUNRISE today + ${minutes_x} minutes" +'%H:%M')
eval "hour_day_$i='$hour_day'"
done

# Calculate hourly intervals for the night period
hour_night_1=$(date -d "$HOUR_SUNSET:$MINUTES_SUNSET today + 0 minutes" +'%H:%M')

for i in {2..12}; do
minutes_nx=$(( "$NIGHT_PERIOD" * ($i - 1) ))
hour_night=$(date -d "$HOUR_SUNSET:$MINUTES_SUNSET today + ${minutes_nx} minutes" +'%H:%M')
eval "hour_night_$i='$hour_night'"
done

# Assign calculated hours to variables start1 through start24
for i in {1..24}; do
if [ "$i" -le 12 ]; then
eval "start$i=\$hour_day_$i"
else
j=$((i - 12)) # Adjust index for night hours
eval "start$i=\$hour_night_$j"
fi
done

# Transition threshold: Determines when the day transitions to the next in terms of planetary influence.
TRANSITION_THRESHOLD="$HOUR_SUNRISE:$MINUTES_SUNRISE"

# Get current time
NOW_TIME=$(date +%H:%M)

# Calculate current day of the week (1 is Monday, 7 is Sunday)
CURRENT_WEEKDAY=$(date +%u)

# Adjust current day based on the time threshold
if [[ "$NOW_TIME" < "$TRANSITION_THRESHOLD" ]]; then
if [[ "$CURRENT_WEEKDAY" -eq 1 ]]; then
CURRENT_WEEKDAY=7
else
CURRENT_WEEKDAY=$((CURRENT_WEEKDAY - 1))
fi
fi

day_of_week="$CURRENT_WEEKDAY"

# Assign the corresponding planet symbol to the current day.
# Use sed to set the variable corresponding to the current day to 1 within the first 15 lines
case $day_of_week in
1) symbol="$MOON" ; sed -i '1,15s/MONDAY_MOON_=0/MONDAY_MOON_=1/' ;;
2) symbol="$MARS" ; sed -i '1,15s/TUESDAY_MARS_=0/TUESDAY_MARS_=1/' "$FILE" ;;
3) symbol="$MERCURY" ; sed -i '1,15s/WEDNESDAY_MERCURY_=0/WEDNESDAY_MERCURY_=1/' "$FILE" ;;
4) symbol="$JUPITER" ; sed -i '1,15s/THURSDAY_JUPITER_=0/THURSDAY_JUPITER_=1/' "$FILE" ;;
5) symbol="$VENUS" ; sed -i '1,15s/FRIDAY_VENUS_=0/FRIDAY_VENUS_=1/' "$FILE" ;;
6) symbol="$SATURN" ; sed -i '1,15s/SATURDAY_SATURN_=0/SATURDAY_SATURN_=1/' "$FILE" ;;
7) symbol="$SUN" ; sed -i '1,15s/SUNDAY_SUN_=0/SUNDAY_SUN_=1/' "$FILE" ;;
*) symbol="Unknown" ;;
esac

# Print the symbol if DAY_OF_WEEK_ is enabled
if [ "$DAY_OF_WEEK_" -eq 1 ]; then
echo -n "$symbol"
fi

# Get current time in HH:MM format
current_time=$(date +%H:%M)

# Function to check the current time against start and end times to determine the governing planet
check_time() {
# Converting hours to minutes since midnight for easier comparison
local start_minutes=$((10#${1:0:2} * 60 + 10#${1:3:2}))
local end_minutes=$((10#${2:0:2} * 60 + 10#${2:3:2}))
local current_minutes=$((10#${current_time:0:2} * 60 + 10#${current_time:3:2}))

# Handles the case of an interval that crosses midnight
if [[ "$end_minutes" -le "$start_minutes" ]]; then
# If the current time is before midnight and the interval ends after midnight
if [[ "$current_minutes" -gt "$start_minutes" || "$current_minutes" -lt "$end_minutes" ]]; then
echo -n "$3"
fi
else
# Normal interval, which doesn't cross midnight
if [[ "$current_minutes" -gt "$start_minutes" && "$current_minutes" -lt "$end_minutes" ]]; then
echo -n "$3"
fi
fi
}

# Define functions for each day to check planetary hours
check_planetary_hours() {
local day_planets=("$@") # Receives the planets for the specific day
local starts=(
"$start1" "$start2" "$start3" "$start4" "$start5" "$start6"
"$start7" "$start8" "$start9" "$start10" "$start11"

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r_bash

Help with automation script!

Hello guys! I am trying to make an automated installer for my tool, I have only 2 problems.

&#x200B;

function configurervm() {
create
cwuser

gpg --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3 7D2BAF1CF37B13E2069D6956105BD0E739499BDB
gpg2 --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3 7D2BAF1CF37B13E2069D6956105BD0E739499BDB
curl -sSL
https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable

export rvm
path="$HOME/.rvm"
source /etc/profile.d/rvm.sh

adduser folder rvm
}

function setupfolder() {
local secret=$(head /dev/urandom | tr -dc A-Za-z0-9 | head -c 63 ; echo '')
local RAILS
ENV=production
getpgpass

sudo -i -u folder << EOF
rvm --version
rvm autolibs disable
rvm install "ruby-3.2.2"
rvm use 3.2.2 --default

git clone
https://gitlab.com/xxxx/xxxx.git folder
echo "GitLab login successful."
cd folder
git folder "
$BRANCH"
bundle
yarn

cp .env.example .env
sed -i -e "/SECRET
KEYBASE/ s/=.*/=$secret/" .env
sed -i -e '/REDIS
URL/ s/=./=redis:\/\/localhost:6379/' .env
sed -i -e '/POSTGRES_HOST/ s/=.
/=localhost/' .env
sed -i -e '/POSTGRESUSERNAME/ s/=.*/=folder/' .env
sed -i -e "/POSTGRES
PASSWORD/ s/=./=$pg_pass/" .env
sed -i -e '/RAILS_ENV/ s/=.
/=$RAILSENV/' .env
echo -en "\nINSTALLATION
ENV=linuxscript" >> ".env"

rake assets:precompile RAILS
ENV=production NODEOPTIONS=--openssl-legacy-provider
EOF
}


this step source /etc/profile.d/rvm.shThe other problem I have, something exactly similar happens to me... which is here:

&
#x200B;

function install
dependencies() {
apt update && apt upgrade -y
apt list --upgradable -a
apt --fix-broken install
apt install -y curl gnupg gnupg1 gnupg2
curl -sS https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian/pubkey.gpg | apt-key add -
echo "deb https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian/ stable main" | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/yarn.list
curl -fsSL https://packages.redis.io/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/redis-archive-keyring.gpg
echo "deb signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/redis-archive-keyring.gpg https://packages.redis.io/deb $(lsbrelease -cs) main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/redis.list
mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL
https://deb.nodesource.com/gpgkey/nodesource-repo.gpg.key | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/nodesource.gpg
NODE
MAJOR=20
echo "deb signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/nodesource.gpg https://deb.nodesource.com/node$NODEMAJOR.x nodistro main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nodesource.list

apt update

apt install -y \
git software-properties-common ca-certificates imagemagick libpq-dev \
libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev file g++ gcc autoconf build-essential \
libssl-dev libyaml-dev libreadline-dev gnupg2 \
postgresql-client redis-tools \
nodejs yarn patch ruby-dev zlib1g-dev liblzma-dev \
libgmp-dev libncurses5-dev libffi-dev libgdbm6 libgdbm-dev sudo \
libvips python3-pip
}




once it is finishing it throws spanpd firefox pkg error... but here again if I manually run the apt --fix-broken install and run the script again everything works perfectly... this apt --fix I already have -broken install in the script but it doesn't seem to run.



https://redd.it/1bj2s55
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r_bash

How to kill a process identifying it with the maximum precision...

Hello.

I'm trying to create a menu to be able to connect to the gateways offered by the VPN provider that I use,in realtime,because this feature is not present for the FreeBSD users. I've almost finished the script. It works,but it needs only a little bit more refining. This is the structure that I use to select the gateways :

select opt in "${options[@]}"
do
case $opt in
"1. Cairo")
/usr/local/sbin/openvpn --cd /usr/local/etc/
openvpn --daemon openvpn --config /home/marietto/Desktop/
Files/Gateways/openvpn.conf
echo "Tryng to connect..." && sleep 3
VPN_IP="$(curl api.ipify.org)"
echo $PUBLIC_IP
echo $VPN_IP
if [ "${PUBLIC_IP}" = "${VPN_IP}" ]; then
echo "This gateway didn't work. Try another
one."
ps ax | grep openvpn
ps ax | grep openvpn | awk '{ print $1; }' |
xargs kill -9
else
echo "Now you are connected to Cairo."
fi
;;

This is what happens when I run it :

==> ./start-vpn

kill: 6281: No such process

% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 13 100 13 0 0 50 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 50

1) 1. Cairo

Please enter your choice: 1

Tryng to connect...

This gateway didn't work. Try another one.

6287 - Ss 0:00,00 /usr/local/sbin/openvpn --cd /usr/local/etc/openvpn --daemon openvpn --config /

6291 1 R+ 0:00,00 grep openvpn (ggrep)

kill: 6293: No such process

I want to suppress this error : ---> kill: 6293: No such process

I think that it happens because this command :

ps ax | grep openvpn | awk '{ print $1; }' | xargs kill -9

should be modified because it kills the two processes above (6287 and 6291) but it should kill only the first one. Can someone help me ?

https://redd.it/1bix3a5
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r_bash

Anyone know of a pure-bash hack to read 1 byte *before* a file descriptor's current byte offset?

Im trying to find a [better] solution to a very specific and unusual problem.

I have two processes using the same file. One is appending data to the end of this file

cat >>file &

The other is reading from the start of the file in chunks of `N` lines using

{ while true; do
...
mapfile [-t] -d $delim -n $N -u $fd A
...
done; } {fd}<file

Problem is that the reading process can occasionally "catch up" to the writing process while it is buffering data. When this happens it hits an EOF and returns, often in the middle of a line. The code this is in requires lines to be read as complete lines (not partial ones), making this a problem.

Unfortunately, `mapfile` (unlike `read`) does not change its exit status / return value depending on whether or not returned because you hit an EOF. As such, the only way ive thought of to detect this is to check if the last byte read was a `$delim` or not. Hense this question.

Any ideas? I have a working approach right now, but being able to, say, rewind the file descriptor 1 byte and then read 1 byte would be a considerably faster and more efficient solution. (this is going in my [forkrun](https://github.com/jkool702/forkrun/blob/main/forkrun.bash) utility, which I am always trying to make faster and more efficient).

Thanks in advance.

Side note: The ${fd} file descriptor cannot be closed between reads, as it is shared with other processes. ponly 1 process reads at a given time, but when 1 is done the next picks up where it left off, requiring the file descriptor to stay open. It could, perhaps, be locally overwritten for the current reading process though.

***

***

### CURRENT APPROACH

My current approach is typically to drop the `-t` from mapfile, then check if the last char of the last element in `A` is a `$delim`, and if not loop `read` until i hit one and append to the last element.

mapfile -d $delim -n $N -u $fd A
[[ "${A[-1]: -1}" == "$delim" ]] || {
until read -r -d $delim -u $fd; do
A[-1]+="$REPLY"
done
}
A=("${A%"$delim"}")

# note that `read` returns `false` if it hits an EOF (or times out) and `true` otherwise

I say "typically" because this doesnt work if the delimiter is a NULL, since bash drop's NULL's regardless if you use mapfile's `-t` flag. In this case I get the last byte read by figuring out the byte position using procfs, then using `dd` to skip to that byte position in the file and read 1 byte:

mapfile -t -d '' -n $N -u $fd A
read -r fd_pos </proc/self/fdinfo/$fd
fd_pos="${fd_pos%%$'\t'*}"
dd if=file bs=1 count=1 skip=$((fd_pos-1)) status=none | read -r -d '' || {
until read -r -d '' -u $fd; do
A[-1]+="$REPLY"
done
}

***

***

Id love to replace these both with something like

mapfile -t -d $delim -n $N -u $fd A
rewind_FD_1_byte $fd
read -r -n 1 -u $fd
[[ ${REPLY} ]] || {
until read -r -d $delim -u $fd; do
A[-1]+="$REPLY"
done
}

https://redd.it/1bilrb2
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r_bash

i am running rsync in a while loop and it isn't releasing when finished.

Everything runs as it should, but at the end of the program rsync isn't signalling that it is finished and the "Working" stays in an infinite loop until I shut it down. What am I missing? I should be simple enough, print out the stuff while the program runs, when finished, stop.

&#x200B;

RUN_RSYNC() {
tput sc ; tput civis ; tput ed ; size=5 ;
host=$1 ; dest=$2 ;
declare exitcode ;
printf '\t%s\r\t' "One moment. Checking destination drive..." ;
while [[ $( rsync "${RSYNC_FLAGS[*]}" -- "${host}/" "${dest}" | sed "s/^/$(date +%m-%d-%Y_%H%M)\t>>\t" |& tee -a "${RSYNC_LOG}" ) != 0 ]] ; do
unset i ;
tput el ;
printf '\r\tWorking' ;
for (( i=1 ; i<="${size}" ; i++ )) ; do
printf '%s' "." ;
sleep 0.5 ; done ;
printf '\r\tWorking' ;
for (( i=1 ; i<="${size}" ; i++ )) ; do
printf '%s' " " ;
sleep 0.5 ; done ;
printf '\r' ;
done ;
exitcode=$? ;
return "${exitcode}" ;
tput cnorm ; tput rc ;
} ;

Edit: I have tried not using != 0, and using just the process itself, and there is the same issue

https://redd.it/1bhuqn4
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r_bash

Command not Found in Script Only

Hi,

I recently starting learning bash. I thought to create a bash script to automate installing and configuring ollama.

#!/usr/bin/bash
curl -fsSL https://ollama.com/install.sh | sh // This is for installing ollama
ollama run llama2
touch Modelfile
// rest of file


Once it reach line 3, it says command not found: ollama and the script fails from that point. What could be the problem?

https://redd.it/1bhr4yi
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r_bash

How to play a beep when the emby server process die using a bash script.

Hello to everyone.

I'm trying to keep up one Emby server on my ARM Chromebook arm 32 bit aka SNOW where I have installed Devuan 5.

The real problem is that it is up only for some time and then it closes.

To fix this problem,I've added this line :

&#x200B;

7:2345:respawn:/opt/emby-server/bin/emby-server

to /etc/inittab.

Furthermore,for the sake of my curiosity I would like to hear a beep when the emby server process dies. I tried some scripts written in bash found on Internet,but none of them worked.

&#x200B;

&#x200B;

https://redd.it/1bheafr
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r_bash

Radion, an internet radio CLI client, written in Bash.
https://redd.it/1bh3x8y
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r_bash

completely new to bash, what is this thing? what is it telling me?
https://redd.it/1bgy38y
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r_bash

Share & Improve: A Bash Script for Streamlining Math Calculations

Hey everyone,

I've put together a bash script aimed at simplifying a wide array of math calculations. From quick percentage figures to solving algebraic equations, this tool is designed to help those who prefer working within the terminal or need a quick, scriptable solution to common math problems. It's a project born out of a desire to assist and provide value to our community.

# Script Highlights:

Broad Coverage: Includes calculations for percentages, geometry, algebra, and more.

User-Friendly: Offers a straightforward selection menu for different formulas, designed with ease of use in mind.

# I Need Your Insight:

This script isn't just for me; it's for all of us. I'm reaching out to you for two main reasons:

Efficiency and Optimization: If you have suggestions on how to make the script run smoother or cleaner, I'm all ears.

Expanding the Toolkit: I want this to be as useful as possible. If there's a calculation you find yourself needing that's not included, let me know. Let's build something great together.

# Why This Matters:

I believe in the power of sharing knowledge and tools. This script is a small contribution to that ethos. It's about more than just solving equations; it's about empowering each other with the resources to tackle our challenges more efficiently. I believe there are people, especially students, who could benefit from a script like this.

# Contribute:

Whether it's suggesting new features, optimizing current ones, or just sharing your thoughts on the approach, your input is invaluable. This script is open for improvement, and with your help, we can make it an even more useful resource for everyone.

I look forward to seeing your feedback.

GitHub Script

https://redd.it/1bgjjx5
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r_bash

I'm currently working on customizing my terminal under ~/.bashrc but I stuck on how can i replace the slash seperating my directories with another character.

&#x200B;

https://preview.redd.it/biv943fryooc1.png?width=651&amp;format=png&amp;auto=webp&amp;s=0cd17aaa81f51241bdbab419de836d38f45d2cbd

https://preview.redd.it/xzxkdizfyooc1.png?width=1816&amp;format=png&amp;auto=webp&amp;s=972964fbf1bd40094a28ed5dc95c309b7e8de1c9

https://redd.it/1bg578x
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r_bash

Trouble sending a large list of files into a text file.

I have a directory of approx. 90,000 files. I am using find . -maxdepth 1 -name "*.png" > $frames_list to generate a text file of filenames that I can process later. Using this command, I only manage to generate approx. 80,000 filenames in the text file. What is going wrong here?

https://redd.it/1bflsx7
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r_bash

Ok so... I'm having some problems with finding lines of texts and their numbers

Basically I'm writting a script for tmux that allows you to select a command and copy the output to the clipboard.


Tmux has a command that allows you to dump all of the text inside a pane (for those who don't use tmux, I have access to the equivalent of a history file with the commands and their outputs, basically everything that the terminal displays). My idea is more or less this.


Get tmux history file -> Prepend a number to every line -> Find the lines that contain $ps1 -> Put them through dmenu -> print whatever is under that line until the next command or the end of the file


(btw, if I'm grepping ❯ instead of $ps1 it's bc I'm using powerlevel10k and... well, it's weird)

I'm struggling with the last part. I'm quite new to bash so... yeah, expect some bs code. This is what I got so far:


#!/bin/bash

# Get the last 10,000 lines from tmux pane
output=$(tmux capture-pane -p -S -10000)

# Extract commands introduced by the user
commands=$(echo "$output" | awk '{print NR, $0}'| grep '❯')

# Present the commands in dmenu
selectedcommand=$(echo "$commands" | dmenu -l 10 -p "Select a command:")
selected
commandnumber=$(echo $selectedcommand | awk '{print $1}')
echo $selectedcommandnumber


# Text stored in a variable
text="$output"

# Search for the line using grep
matchedline=$(grep -E "^$selectedcommandnumber" <<< "$text")
echo $matched
line

if ! -z "$matched_line" ; then
# Get the line number of the matched line
linenumber=$(grep -n -E "$regexpattern" <<< "$text" | head -n 1 | cut -d: -f1)

# Output the next line using sed
nextlinenumber=$((linenumber + 1))
next
line=$(sed "${nextlinenumber}q;d" <<< "$text")
echo "nextline $nextline"
else
echo "nextline $nextline"
fi

&#x200B;

https://redd.it/1bf0ob4
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r_bash

Trouble parsing line when using read command in a script.

The trouble I am having is that every second line read of the text file doesn't capture the entire line of text. It is missing the beginning characters of the line. It's not always the same number of characters, either. I have checked the text file and the file names are complete. Any ideas as to what is happening here?

#!/bin/bash -x

ls *.h264 > list.txt

while read line; do
filename=${line:0:15}
ffmpeg -i $line -vf format=gray $filename'-%03d.png'
done < list.txt

&#x200B;

https://redd.it/1bf0g0i
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r_bash

can bash scripts excute commands from the mySQL shell?

Excuse me for my lack of knowledge, but I wanted to write a bash script which would create a new user, prompt the username and password, (read) and then create a new database (also user would type this) but can bash scripts work in the MYSQL SHELL?

https://redd.it/1becb1a
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Planetary hours in Shell Script

Greetings to all,

I have developed a Shell Script named AstroICON, a straightforward script that displays the weekday in relation to the planet and the planetary hour. I am sharing this code as I am aware that there are individuals in this community who are engaged in astrology and utilize Linux. This script operates seamlessly on i3blocks and, I believe, should also function correctly on polybar.

To use it, the process is quite simple: grant execution permission with chmod +x AstroICON\_v1.2A.sh
. Then, set the variables for sunrise, sunset, and the following day's sunrise times in the 24-hour format. After these steps, you can run the script using ./AstroICON\_v1.2A.sh
. It is worth noting that the script accepts parameters from 1 to 8, and if no parameter is provided, it automatically determines the current day and planetary hour.

If anyone is interested in enhancing the script, please feel free to do so; just get in touch. Warm regards to everyone.

Below is the code:

#!/bin/bash

# Configuration section: Enables or disables functionality for each day of the week and for the planetary hours chart.
# Set to 1 to enable or 0 to disable the functionality for the respective day or feature.
#IMPORTANT (The day variables must not exceed line 15): this version of the program is automatic and uses sed to configure the variables according to the day of the week, it does not require manual configuration, only the sunrise, sunset and next sunrise times must be configured manually.
MONDAY_MOON_=0
TUESDAY_MARS_=0
WEDNESDAY_MERCURY_=0
THURSDAY_JUPITER_=0
FRIDAY_VENUS_=0
SATURDAY_SATURN_=0
SUNDAY_SUN_=0
PLANETARY_HOURS_CHART_=0

# The name defined by the FILE variable must be the same as the file name
FILE="AstroICON_v1.2A.sh"

# Variable to control the display of the current day's planet symbol.
DAY_OF_WEEK_=1

# Time configuration: Define sunrise and sunset times in 24-hour format.
HOUR_SUNRISE="06"
MINUTES_SUNRISE="11"
HOUR_SUNSET="18"
MINUTES_SUNSET="30"
HOUR_SUNRISE_OF_NEXT_DAY="06"
MINUTES_SUNRISE_OF_NEXT_DAY="11"

# Planet symbols: Assigns icons for each planet.
MOON="☽"
MARS="♂"
MERCURY="☿"
JUPITER="♃"
VENUS="♀"
SATURN="♄"
SUN="☉"

# always resets variables to 0
sed -i '1,15s/MONDAY_MOON_=1/MONDAY_MOON_=0/' "$FILE"
sed -i '1,15s/TUESDAY_MARS_=1/TUESDAY_MARS_=0/' "$FILE"
sed -i '1,15s/WEDNESDAY_MERCURY_=1/WEDNESDAY_MERCURY_=0/' "$FILE"
sed -i '1,15s/THURSDAY_JUPITER_=1/THURSDAY_JUPITER_=0/' "$FILE"
sed -i '1,15s/FRIDAY_VENUS_=1/FRIDAY_VENUS_=1/' "$FILE"
sed -i '1,15s/SATURDAY_SATURN_=1/SATURDAY_SATURN_=0/' "$FILE"
sed -i '1,15s/SUNDAY_SUN_=1/SUNDAY_SUN_=0/' "$FILE"

# Conditional reset: Checks if any command-line argument is passed and resets the configuration.
if [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; then
MONDAY_MOON_=0
TUESDAY_MARS_=0
WEDNESDAY_MERCURY_=0
THURSDAY_JUPITER_=0
FRIDAY_VENUS_=0
SATURDAY_SATURN_=0
SUNDAY_SUN_=0
PLANETARY_HOURS_CHART_=0
DAY_OF_WEEK_=0
fi

# Total minutes in a day
TOTAL_MINUTES_IN_DAY=1440

# Convert sunrise and sunset times to total minutes from midnight
MINUTES_SUNRISE_TOTAL=$((HOUR_SUNRISE * 60 + MINUTES_SUNRISE))
MINUTES_SUNSET_TOTAL=$((HOUR_SUNSET * 60 + MINUTES_SUNSET))

# Calculate total daylight minutes
DAYLIGHT_MINUTES=$((MINUTES_SUNSET_TOTAL - MINUTES_SUNRISE_TOTAL))
# Calculate daylight period per hour
DAYLIGHT_PERIOD=$((DAYLIGHT_MINUTES / 12))

# Calculate total night minutes
# Note: This calculation assumes that the sunrise of the next day is the end of the night period
MINUTES_SUNRISE_NEXT_DAY_TOTAL=$((HOUR_SUNRISE_OF_NEXT_DAY * 60 + MINUTES_SUNRISE_OF_NEXT_DAY))
NIGHT_MINUTES=$((TOTAL_MINUTES_IN_DAY - MINUTES_SUNSET_TOTAL + MINUTES_SUNRISE_NEXT_DAY_TOTAL))
# Calculate night period per hour
NIGHT_PERIOD=$((NIGHT_MINUTES /

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Favorite PS1 in .bashrc?

I read this post asking for people's favorite bash commands, and it got me thinking about what people like to use for their PS1. And the last time it was asked was 9 years ago (here), so there surely have to be newer ones people have created, right?

PS2 suggestions are obviously welcome as well.

https://redd.it/1bj3mm0
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get return code of command in new process

hello

im currently writing (or rather improving) a script i wrote in bash. its basically an alarm timer, that automatically pauses media playback, so you can actually hear the notification sound. over the time i included more features, the latest being the option to launch a program, when the timer is finished.

i want the script to continue after launching the progam and display a notification if launching fails.

the way i solved it is this

( eval "$command" || info_window "command '${command}' could not be executed" ) &

but i am not content with this, since the or statement also runs in the new process. however i couldnt find a way to get this right. yesterday i tried to find a solution, but i wasnt really successful.

i thought something like this

eval "$command" &
wait $! || info_window "command '${command}' could not be executed"

could be the solution, but its not. wait does what it says, it waits until the program is finished. i wanna get the return code, not the exit code.

i would really like to find a clean solution, but the only other option i could think of is creating a tempfile

( eval "$command" || temp=$(mktemp) ) &
[[ -f "$temp" ]] && info_window "command '${command}' could not be executed"

this should work i think, i didnt actually try it yet. theres got to be a cleaner solution for this!

thanks in advance

https://redd.it/1biqz5b
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what are favorite commands in bash?

so i searched "what are favorite commands in bash?" in reddit and i was surprised to find that this question doesn't seem to have ever been asked in r/bash

so i wanted to take this opportunity, what are your favorite commands in the bash shell and why?

doesn't matter why you like them, or what their purpose is, just what are your flat out favorite commands and why?

thank you

https://redd.it/1biemu1
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Securely Store API Key & Use Crontab

Hi, I have a bash script which requires an API key for SendGrid to send an email. I am planning on calling this script every 6hrs so adding to crontab.

What are the best practices for storing the API key? Obviously not in the script itself but I have read that environment variables is also not great and the fact that I want to call via crontab.

Thoughts? Thanks.

https://redd.it/1bhs5zh
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Pass arguments to other script

In bash script ./script there is such line

su - usr -c "VAR1=text VAR2=text command --options"

I want if I call like ./script --outside-option outside-value then inside script will be called like

su - usr -c "VAR1=text VAR2=text command --options --outside-option outside-value"

So in script I changed line to

su - usr -c "VAR1=text VAR2=text command --options $@"

But that isn't working. command shows error like it is detecting --outside-option without outside-value.

It is recommended to always surround $@ with quotes like "$@". Is that the cause for error? I can't see how to escape it properly inside quotes in the script.

https://redd.it/1bhdx6b
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How to fix unbound variables?

I've been using the following script for several years without issues.

https://github.com/Cody-Learner/aurch/blob/main/aurch

When I try to implement set -euo pipefail in the script, specifically the set -u exits with line 23: 2: unbound variable.

Trying to see how many unbound variables there are, I comment out line 23, and it fails on line 45 now. Comment out line 45 and 46, it still exits with line 45: package: unbound variable

1) I don't understand why set -u won't ignore line 45/46 being commented out.
2) I have no idea how to fix these unbound variables, because they work, without them the script would be broken, and they're obviously being set or the script would fail to work properly.

What am I not getting with "unbound variables" and possibly provide an alternate method to script a problematic lines for an example?

https://redd.it/1bh6fwj
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Writing some bash scripts to check and restart Emby server on Devuan 5 as soon as it closes...

Hello to everyone.

I'm trying to keep up one Emby server on my ARM Chromebook arm 32 bit aka SNOW. The real problem is that it is able to be up only for some time and then closes. To fix this problem,I've created a couple of bash scripts that act as a sentinel. As soon as it goes down,they detect it and they try to restart the process. I created 3 bash scripts that should do the trick :

check-emby :

while :
do
 if pgrep Emby > /dev/null
 then
     echo "Emby Server is running..."
     sleep 10s
 else
     echo "Emby Server is not running...but now it will run again"
     /opt/emby-server/bin/./emby-server &
 fi
done


check-check-emby :


while :
do
 if pgrep Emby > /dev/null
 then
     echo "Emby Server is running..."
     sleep 10s
 else
     echo "Emby Server is not running...but now it will run again"
     /opt/emby-server/bin/./check-emby &
 fi
done

This is what happens when "emby-server &" is invoked :

# ps ax | grep emby

9202 pts/1    Sl+    1:06 /opt/emby-server/system/EmbyServer
-programdata /var/lib/emby -ffdetect /opt/emby-server/bin/ffdetect
-ffmpeg /opt/emby-server/bin/ffmpeg -ffprobe /opt/emby-server/bin/ffprobe
-restartexitcode 3 -updatepackage emby-server-deb{version}armhf.deb

I had to create two bash scripts because when EmbyServer stops working,even check-emby closes. I don't understand why. Inside my sick mind the check-check-emby script should restart both. I don't know if it will work. For the moment it is still up and running.

Well. I have a couple of questions to ask you :

1. Can you imagine a better method than mine to achieve the same goal ?
2. Do you think that it will work ? I ask this because Emby is not yet closed by itself. It did the first time and it didn't work (but at that time I hadn't created the check-check-emby script). I have already checked what happens if I close it by myself. It works. But I want to see what happens if it naturally closes.
3. When Emby closes I would like to hear a beep coming from the Chromebook and I would like that it is produced by the bash script. 

Can you help me ? thanks.

https://redd.it/1bh0gzd
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Your go-to companion for Unix file operations
https://github.com/thesarfo/link

https://redd.it/1bgl0ee
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SNMPGET, multiple OIDs, single line output with delimeter?

Hi, I am trying to pull together a script which will allow me to use snmpget to get multiple OID values and output to a CSV file with something like a comma as a delimeter. At the moment I have the following but this outputs to multiple lines:

#!/bin/bash

&#x200B;

### Synology Veriables

SynologyOID_Name='.1.3.6.1.2.1.1.5.0'

SynologyOID_Model='.1.3.6.1.4.1.6574.1.5.1.0'

SynologyOID_Serial='.1.3.6.1.4.1.6574.1.5.2.0'

SynologyOID_Firmware='.1.3.6.1.4.1.6574.1.5.3.0'

&#x200B;

### Synology SNMPGET

snmpget -Oqv -v 2c -c 'public' `192.168.50.10` $SynologyOID_Name $SynologyOID_Model $SynologyOID_Serial $SynologyOID_Firmware | tr -d '"'

This outputs as the following:

DS415Plus

DS415+

1512MIN750113

DSM 7.1-42962

Any thoughts?

Thanks.

https://redd.it/1bg4rix
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Overwritten bashprofile?

I think I accidentally overwrote my bash
profile when I tried to add a path for something. I wrote something like export PATH=something and then I saved it. Now none of my commands work in my bash (emulator, for windows) terminal. I'm not sure what to do? Please make answers beginner friendly.

https://redd.it/1bfqf9q
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Loop until success

I have curl command I want to run in a loop every 10 seconds that keeps running until it is successful (exits with status 0) and echos the output to the screen. If it has non 0 code it keeps going. Something like

while true; do curl $arg; sleep 10; done

How can I check the output code and end the loop when is successful?

https://redd.it/1bf5kt1
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TIL: quickly fetch a file from a squashfs embedded into some iso

This method does not mount anything (no root, no fuse, no udisksctl) and does not extract the whole squash from the iso.

For example, let it be `ubuntu-20.04.6-live-server-amd64.iso`. The squash inside is `/casper/filesystem.squashfs`, and the file in the squash is `/etc/lsb-release`.

First, find out the offset of the squash with `xorriso` (the `Startlba` column):

> xorriso -indev ubuntu-20.04.6-live-server-amd64.iso -find /casper/filesystem.squashfs -exec report_lba 2>/dev/null
Report layout: xt , Startlba , Blocks , Filesize , ISO image path
File data lba: 0 , 128364 , 218124 , 446717952 , '/casper/filesystem.squashfs'

or `isoinfo` (in the square brackets):

> isoinfo -R -l -i ubuntu-20.04.6-live-server-amd64.iso | grep filesystem.squashfs
-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 446717952 Mar 14 2023 [ 128364 00] filesystem.squashfs
-r--r--r-- 1 0 0 833 Mar 14 2023 [ 97913 00] filesystem.squashfs.gpg

In both cases you can see it is `128364` blocks. Block size for iso9660 is 2048 bytes.

Now just use the offset with `unsquashfs`/`sqfscat`:

> sqfscat -o $((128364*2048)) ubuntu-20.04.6-live-server-amd64.iso /etc/lsb-release
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=20.04
DISTRIB_CODENAME=focal
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 20.04.6 LTS"

https://redd.it/1bf1f35
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Did anyone encounter that problem?

I tried to install ubuntu on my laptop. even though I have 53 Giga free space the installation insisted that I only have 11G and that's not enough

&#x200B;

https://redd.it/1beoijw
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Automate Linux command line with EasyKey.shellmenu

Hi there 🙂 I now work with so many complex tools on the command line. That's why I developed a shell menu for each tool as a kind of mnemonic. It's super easy to use. I have put the basic script and a few applications for Git and Kubernetes online cause I thought it might be of interest to the community 🤓

https://github.com/nschlimm/EasyKey.shellmenu

I would be happy to hear your opinion, comments and criticism. If you like it, I would of course be very happy about a star on Github 🙂 Ok, so long - Niklas ✌🏻

https://redd.it/1bdyixq
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