compgen -c
Hi,
I'm getting a bit confused with this command, I have a few machines that are configured in the same way, same bash version and distro, etc.
I've noticed that in one of those machines the output of `compgen -c` is sligthly different than on the rest, for example, commands that start with the letter k such as keepass* are grouped together, but on this machine it isn't.
Does anyone know what determines the output/ordering with this command? Does the number of installed programs affect it? I've checked things like the locale and it's all configured exactly the same.
Thanks.
https://redd.it/1bni2k2
@r_bash
Is it better to use if or [ for simple checks?
I'm not new to bash, but I don't know most things behind the scenes of bash script. So, if I'm doing something simple like checking if a variable has a value, is it better to use an if statement, or \[\[? Or does it even matter?
Example:
my_var="some value"
[[ "$my_var" ] && {
: Do something
}
if [ "$my_var" ]; then
: Do something
fi
​
https://redd.it/1bn3gu7
@r_bash
Docker log monitoring script help
I have a script that's monitoring the new log entries using:
docker logs -f -n 0 <container>
The problem is that when the container restarts, the script stops. I was able to get around it by putting it in a while loop that checks for the container name in docker ps:
docker ps | while read line; do if [ ${line} != *"<container>"* ]; then sleep 30; ...
I added the sleep to give the container the chance to spin up, and it works, but I'm sure there's probably an easier way. I'm completely new to bash, fairly new to linux, but with a little programming experience. Is there a way to keep the script alive even after the container stops without it erroring out?
https://redd.it/1bltzyc
@r_bash
BashPitfall local -g var is Pretty Useless
[Credit: This post was inspired by what seemed to be an odd comment in another thread.\]
Can you guess what this code prints?
z=42
a() {
local z
z=27
b
echo "a/z=$z"
}
b() {
local -g z
z=79
}
a
echo "main/z=$z"
If you guessed a/z is 27 and main/z is 79, because z in b() points to the global z, I'm afraid you've been misled by the bash docs:
$ ./test.sh
a/z=79
main/z=42
This code, however, prints a/z=27 and main/z=79:
z=42
a() {
local z
z=27
b
echo "a/z=$z"
}
b() {
local -g z=79
}
a
echo "main/z=$z"
And this one complains z: unbound variable:
set -u
a() {
local z
z=27
b
echo "a/z=$z"
}
b() {
local -g z
z=79
}
a
echo "main/z=$z"
But this one, that combines the declaration and assignment of global z, doesn't:
set -u
a() {
local z
z=27
b
echo "a/z=$z"
}
b() {
local -g z=79
}
a
echo "main/z=$z"
See, the description for declare (to which local is a rough twin) says this:
>The -g option forces variables to be created or modified at the global scope, even when declare is executed in a shell function. It is ignored in all other cases.
But you also have to take into account dynamic scoping, also documented in the man page:
>The shell uses dynamic scoping to control a variable's visibility within functions. With dynamic scoping, visible variables and their values are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused execution to reach the current function. The value of a variable that a function sees depends on its value within its caller, if any, whether that caller is the "global" scope or another shell function. This is also the value that a local variable declaration "shadows", and the value that is restored when the function returns.
Everyone who's used local to shadow a throwaway variable like i from another variable named i in its caller function knows this in their gut.
But what the docs don't say is that the only thing local -g var is good for is enabling functions to create/modify global variables with special declare attributes, like the -A (associative array) flag, and only if you assign a value at the same time:
set -u
a() {
local z
z=27
b
echo "a/z=$z"
}
b() {
local -gA z=(Hi=there Lo=blow)
}
a
declare -p h
yields, instead of z: unbound variable...
$ ./test.sh
a/z=27
declare -A z=(Lo="blow" Hi="there" )
but divorce the assignment from the declaration:
set -u
a() {
local z
z=27
b
echo "a/z=$z"
}
b() {
local -gA z
z=(Hi=there Lo=blow)
}
a
declare -p z
and you get this, because this b's z is actually a's z, which is clearly not an associative array:
$ ./test.sh
./test.sh: line 11: Hi: unbound variable
Confused? So was I, so I filed a bug report, which led to an interesting email chat with Chet Ramey and the other bash maintainers. The upshot:
1. NOTABUG, but we'll accept documentation suggestions to remove this confusion.
2. Yes, a local -g var declaration-without-assignment is Pretty Useless.
https://redd.it/1bk9iyb
@r_bash
Seeing error message if stopped by set -e
We use set -e so that the bash script stops if a non-zero exit code happens.
But this unfortunately this silently stops. You don't see an error message from bash.
I got the recommendation to add this:
trap 'echo "Warning: A command has failed. Exiting the script. Line was ($0:$LINENO): $(sed -n "${LINENO}p" "$0")"; exit 3' ERR
"$start12"
"$start13" "$start14" "$start15" "$start16" "$start17" "$start18"
"$start19" "$start20" "$start21" "$start22" "$start23" "$start24"
)
# Loop through each time slot and check the planetary hour
for ((i = 0; i < ${#starts[@]}; i++)); do
next_index=$(( (i + 1 ) % ${#starts[@]} ))
check_time "${starts[i]}" "${starts[next_index]}" "${day_planets[i]}"
done
echo
}
# Day-specific functions: Define functions for each day to check and output planetary hours.
MONDAY_MOON() {
check_planetary_hours "$MOON" "$SATURN" "$JUPITER" "$MARS" "$SUN" "$VENUS" "$MERCURY" \
"$MOON" "$SATURN" "$JUPITER" "$MARS" "$SUN" "$VENUS" "$MERCURY" \
"$MOON" "$SATURN" "$JUPITER" "$MARS" "$SUN" "$VENUS" "$MERCURY" \
"$MOON" "$SATURN" "$JUPITER"
}
TUESDAY_MARS() {
check_planetary_hours "$MARS" "$SUN" "$VENUS" "$MERCURY" "$MOON" "$SATURN" "$JUPITER" \
"$MARS" "$SUN" "$VENUS" "$MERCURY" "$MOON" "$SATURN" "$JUPITER" \
"$MARS" "$SUN" "$VENUS" "$MERCURY" "$MOON" "$SATURN" "$JUPITER" \
"$MARS" "$SUN" "$VENUS"
}
WEDNESDAY_MERCURY() {
check_planetary_hours "$MERCURY" "$MOON" "$SATURN" "$JUPITER" "$MARS" "$SUN" "$VENUS" \
"$MERCURY" "$MOON" "$SATURN" "$JUPITER" "$MARS" "$SUN" "$VENUS" \
"$MERCURY" "$MOON" "$SATURN" "$JUPITER" "$MARS" "$SUN" "$VENUS" \
"$MERCURY" "$MOON" "$SATURN"
}
THURSDAY_JUPITER() {
check_planetary_hours "$JUPITER" "$MARS" "$SUN" "$VENUS" "$MERCURY" "$MOON" "$SATURN" \
"$JUPITER" "$MARS" "$SUN" "$VENUS" "$MERCURY" "$MOON" "$SATURN" \
"$JUPITER" "$MARS" "$SUN" "$VENUS" "$MERCURY" "$MOON" "$SATURN" \
"$JUPITER" "$MARS" "$SUN"
}
FRIDAY_VENUS() {
check_planetary_hours "$VENUS" "$MERCURY" "$MOON" "$SATURN" "$JUPITER" "$MARS" "$SUN" \
"$VENUS" "$MERCURY" "$MOON" "$SATURN" "$JUPITER" "$MARS" "$SUN" \
"$VENUS" "$MERCURY" "$MOON" "$SATURN" "$JUPITER" "$MARS" "$SUN" \
"$VENUS" "$MERCURY" "$MOON"
}
SATURDAY_SATURN() {
check_planetary_hours "$SATURN" "$JUPITER" "$MARS" "$SUN" "$VENUS" "$MERCURY" "$MOON" \
"$SATURN" "$JUPITER" "$MARS" "$SUN" "$VENUS" "$MERCURY" "$MOON" \
"$SATURN" "$JUPITER" "$MARS" "$SUN" "$VENUS" "$MERCURY" "$MOON" \
"$SATURN" "$JUPITER" "$MARS"
}
SUNDAY_SUN() {
check_planetary_hours "$SUN" "$VENUS" "$MERCURY" "$MOON" "$SATURN" "$JUPITER" "$MARS" \
"$SUN" "$VENUS" "$MERCURY" "$MOON" "$SATURN" "$JUPITER" "$MARS" \
"$SUN" "$VENUS" "$MERCURY" "$MOON" "$SATURN" "$JUPITER" "$MARS" \
"$SUN" "$VENUS" "$MERCURY"
}
PLANETARY_HOURS_CHART(){
printf " DAY-----------M---T---W---T---F---S---S--\n"
printf "%-2s - %-11s | ☽ | ♂ | ☿ | ♃ | ♀ | ♄ | ☉ |\n" "1" "$hour_day_1"
printf "%-2s - %-11s | ♄ | ☉ | ☽ | ♂ | ☿ | ♃ | ♀ |\n" "2" "$hour_day_2"
printf "%-2s - %-11s | ♃ | ♀ | ♄ | ☉ | ☽ | ♂ | ☿ |\n" "3" "$hour_day_3"
printf "%-2s - %-11s | ♂ | ☿ | ♃ | ♀ | ♄ | ☉ | ☽ |\n" "4" "$hour_day_4"
printf "%-2s - %-11s | ☉ | ☽ | ♂ | ☿ | ♃ | ♀ | ♄ |\n" "5" "$hour_day_5"
printf "%-2s - %-11s | ♀ | ♄ | ☉ | ☽ | ♂ | ☿ | ♃ |\n" "6" "$hour_day_6"
printf "%-2s - %-11s | ☿ | ♃ | ♀ | ♄ | ☉ | ☽ | ♂ |\n" "7" "$hour_day_7"
printf "%-2s - %-11s | ☽ | ♂ | ☿ | ♃ | ♀ | ♄ | ☉ |\n" "8" "$hour_day_8"
printf "%-2s - %-11s | ♄ | ☉ | ☽ | ♂ | ☿ | ♃ | ♀ |\n" "9" "$hour_day_9"
printf "%-2s - %-11s | ♃ | ♀ | ♄ | ☉ | ☽ | ♂ | ☿ |\n" "10" "$hour_day_10"
printf "%-2s
Planetary hours in Shell Script
Greetings to all,
I have developed a Shell Script named AstroICON, a straightforward script that displays the weekday in relation to the planet and the planetary hour. I am sharing this code as I am aware that there are individuals in this community who are engaged in astrology and utilize Linux. This script operates seamlessly on i3blocks and, I believe, should also function correctly on polybar.
To use it, the process is quite simple: grant execution permission with chmod +x AstroICON\_v1.2A.sh
. Then, set the variables for sunrise, sunset, and the following day's sunrise times in the 24-hour format. After these steps, you can run the script using ./AstroICON\_v1.2A.sh
. It is worth noting that the script accepts parameters from 1 to 8, and if no parameter is provided, it automatically determines the current day and planetary hour.
If anyone is interested in enhancing the script, please feel free to do so; just get in touch. Warm regards to everyone.
Below is the code:
#!/bin/bash
# Configuration section: Enables or disables functionality for each day of the week and for the planetary hours chart.
# Set to 1 to enable or 0 to disable the functionality for the respective day or feature.
#IMPORTANT (The day variables must not exceed line 15): this version of the program is automatic and uses sed to configure the variables according to the day of the week, it does not require manual configuration, only the sunrise, sunset and next sunrise times must be configured manually.
MONDAY_MOON_=0
TUESDAY_MARS_=0
WEDNESDAY_MERCURY_=0
THURSDAY_JUPITER_=0
FRIDAY_VENUS_=0
SATURDAY_SATURN_=0
SUNDAY_SUN_=0
PLANETARY_HOURS_CHART_=0
# The name defined by the FILE variable must be the same as the file name
FILE="AstroICON_v1.2A.sh"
# Variable to control the display of the current day's planet symbol.
DAY_OF_WEEK_=1
# Time configuration: Define sunrise and sunset times in 24-hour format.
HOUR_SUNRISE="06"
MINUTES_SUNRISE="11"
HOUR_SUNSET="18"
MINUTES_SUNSET="30"
HOUR_SUNRISE_OF_NEXT_DAY="06"
MINUTES_SUNRISE_OF_NEXT_DAY="11"
# Planet symbols: Assigns icons for each planet.
MOON="☽"
MARS="♂"
MERCURY="☿"
JUPITER="♃"
VENUS="♀"
SATURN="♄"
SUN="☉"
# always resets variables to 0
sed -i '1,15s/MONDAY_MOON_=1/MONDAY_MOON_=0/' "$FILE"
sed -i '1,15s/TUESDAY_MARS_=1/TUESDAY_MARS_=0/' "$FILE"
sed -i '1,15s/WEDNESDAY_MERCURY_=1/WEDNESDAY_MERCURY_=0/' "$FILE"
sed -i '1,15s/THURSDAY_JUPITER_=1/THURSDAY_JUPITER_=0/' "$FILE"
sed -i '1,15s/FRIDAY_VENUS_=1/FRIDAY_VENUS_=1/' "$FILE"
sed -i '1,15s/SATURDAY_SATURN_=1/SATURDAY_SATURN_=0/' "$FILE"
sed -i '1,15s/SUNDAY_SUN_=1/SUNDAY_SUN_=0/' "$FILE"
# Conditional reset: Checks if any command-line argument is passed and resets the configuration.
if [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; then
MONDAY_MOON_=0
TUESDAY_MARS_=0
WEDNESDAY_MERCURY_=0
THURSDAY_JUPITER_=0
FRIDAY_VENUS_=0
SATURDAY_SATURN_=0
SUNDAY_SUN_=0
PLANETARY_HOURS_CHART_=0
DAY_OF_WEEK_=0
fi
# Total minutes in a day
TOTAL_MINUTES_IN_DAY=1440
# Convert sunrise and sunset times to total minutes from midnight
MINUTES_SUNRISE_TOTAL=$((HOUR_SUNRISE * 60 + MINUTES_SUNRISE))
MINUTES_SUNSET_TOTAL=$((HOUR_SUNSET * 60 + MINUTES_SUNSET))
# Calculate total daylight minutes
DAYLIGHT_MINUTES=$((MINUTES_SUNSET_TOTAL - MINUTES_SUNRISE_TOTAL))
# Calculate daylight period per hour
DAYLIGHT_PERIOD=$((DAYLIGHT_MINUTES / 12))
# Calculate total night minutes
# Note: This calculation assumes that the sunrise of the next day is the end of the night period
MINUTES_SUNRISE_NEXT_DAY_TOTAL=$((HOUR_SUNRISE_OF_NEXT_DAY * 60 + MINUTES_SUNRISE_OF_NEXT_DAY))
NIGHT_MINUTES=$((TOTAL_MINUTES_IN_DAY - MINUTES_SUNSET_TOTAL + MINUTES_SUNRISE_NEXT_DAY_TOTAL))
# Calculate night period per hour
NIGHT_PERIOD=$((NIGHT_MINUTES /
Favorite PS1 in .bashrc?
I read this post asking for people's favorite bash commands, and it got me thinking about what people like to use for their PS1. And the last time it was asked was 9 years ago (here), so there surely have to be newer ones people have created, right?
PS2 suggestions are obviously welcome as well.
https://redd.it/1bj3mm0
@r_bash
get return code of command in new process
hello
im currently writing (or rather improving) a script i wrote in bash. its basically an alarm timer, that automatically pauses media playback, so you can actually hear the notification sound. over the time i included more features, the latest being the option to launch a program, when the timer is finished.
i want the script to continue after launching the progam and display a notification if launching fails.
the way i solved it is this
( eval "$command" || info_window "command '${command}' could not be executed" ) &
but i am not content with this, since the or statement also runs in the new process. however i couldnt find a way to get this right. yesterday i tried to find a solution, but i wasnt really successful.
i thought something like this
eval "$command" &
wait $! || info_window "command '${command}' could not be executed"
could be the solution, but its not. wait does what it says, it waits until the program is finished. i wanna get the return code, not the exit code.
i would really like to find a clean solution, but the only other option i could think of is creating a tempfile
( eval "$command" || temp=$(mktemp) ) &
[[ -f "$temp" ]] && info_window "command '${command}' could not be executed"
this should work i think, i didnt actually try it yet. theres got to be a cleaner solution for this!
thanks in advance
https://redd.it/1biqz5b
@r_bash
what are favorite commands in bash?
so i searched "what are favorite commands in bash?" in reddit and i was surprised to find that this question doesn't seem to have ever been asked in r/bash
so i wanted to take this opportunity, what are your favorite commands in the bash shell and why?
doesn't matter why you like them, or what their purpose is, just what are your flat out favorite commands and why?
thank you
https://redd.it/1biemu1
@r_bash
Securely Store API Key & Use Crontab
Hi, I have a bash script which requires an API key for SendGrid to send an email. I am planning on calling this script every 6hrs so adding to crontab.
What are the best practices for storing the API key? Obviously not in the script itself but I have read that environment variables is also not great and the fact that I want to call via crontab.
Thoughts? Thanks.
https://redd.it/1bhs5zh
@r_bash
Pass arguments to other script
In bash script ./script there is such line
su - usr -c "VAR1=text VAR2=text command --options"
I want if I call like ./script --outside-option outside-value then inside script will be called like
su - usr -c "VAR1=text VAR2=text command --options --outside-option outside-value"
So in script I changed line to
su - usr -c "VAR1=text VAR2=text command --options $@"
But that isn't working. command shows error like it is detecting --outside-option without outside-value.
It is recommended to always surround $@ with quotes like "$@". Is that the cause for error? I can't see how to escape it properly inside quotes in the script.
https://redd.it/1bhdx6b
@r_bash
How to fix unbound variables?
I've been using the following script for several years without issues.
https://github.com/Cody-Learner/aurch/blob/main/aurch
When I try to implement set -euo pipefail in the script, specifically the set -u exits with line 23: 2: unbound variable.
Trying to see how many unbound variables there are, I comment out line 23, and it fails on line 45 now. Comment out line 45 and 46, it still exits with line 45: package: unbound variable
1) I don't understand why set -u won't ignore line 45/46 being commented out.
2) I have no idea how to fix these unbound variables, because they work, without them the script would be broken, and they're obviously being set or the script would fail to work properly.
What am I not getting with "unbound variables" and possibly provide an alternate method to script a problematic lines for an example?
https://redd.it/1bh6fwj
@r_bash
Writing some bash scripts to check and restart Emby server on Devuan 5 as soon as it closes...
Hello to everyone.
I'm trying to keep up one Emby server on my ARM Chromebook arm 32 bit aka SNOW. The real problem is that it is able to be up only for some time and then closes. To fix this problem,I've created a couple of bash scripts that act as a sentinel. As soon as it goes down,they detect it and they try to restart the process. I created 3 bash scripts that should do the trick :
check-emby :
while :
do
if pgrep Emby > /dev/null
then
echo "Emby Server is running..."
sleep 10s
else
echo "Emby Server is not running...but now it will run again"
/opt/emby-server/bin/./emby-server &
fi
done
check-check-emby :
while :
do
if pgrep Emby > /dev/null
then
echo "Emby Server is running..."
sleep 10s
else
echo "Emby Server is not running...but now it will run again"
/opt/emby-server/bin/./check-emby &
fi
done
This is what happens when "emby-server &" is invoked :
# ps ax | grep emby
9202 pts/1 Sl+ 1:06 /opt/emby-server/system/EmbyServer
-programdata /var/lib/emby -ffdetect /opt/emby-server/bin/ffdetect
-ffmpeg /opt/emby-server/bin/ffmpeg -ffprobe /opt/emby-server/bin/ffprobe
-restartexitcode 3 -updatepackage emby-server-deb{version}armhf.deb
I had to create two bash scripts because when EmbyServer stops working,even check-emby closes. I don't understand why. Inside my sick mind the check-check-emby script should restart both. I don't know if it will work. For the moment it is still up and running.
Well. I have a couple of questions to ask you :
1. Can you imagine a better method than mine to achieve the same goal ?
2. Do you think that it will work ? I ask this because Emby is not yet closed by itself. It did the first time and it didn't work (but at that time I hadn't created the check-check-emby script). I have already checked what happens if I close it by myself. It works. But I want to see what happens if it naturally closes.
3. When Emby closes I would like to hear a beep coming from the Chromebook and I would like that it is produced by the bash script.
Can you help me ? thanks.
https://redd.it/1bh0gzd
@r_bash
Your go-to companion for Unix file operations
https://github.com/thesarfo/link
https://redd.it/1bgl0ee
@r_bash
I need to have something to detect and unmount a Windows OS drive. I have some code that I wrote in order to detect it whether it's mounted or not. This works fine so far...
...can I get some help smoothing this code down to something that is just as reliable.
Here is the function. It may be a bit crude but so far it has worked without any hitches. Can I do the same in a better way? This is for a backup script that allows me to find a Windows OS drive whether mounted or not in order to exclude that partition from any backups that are initiated, and the only way I could think of to do that was to look for the "Microsoft reserved" flag that is attached on every drive where an OS is installed. I couldn't reliably look solely for "Microsoft basic data" or anything merely "ntfs" because of /media drives that are formatted as ntfs and don't have any associated OS. This is what I came up with to find the drive partition where the OS is installed. It has been good finding only one Windows OS installed, but I have yet to try it on more than one (one is enough).
[Edit:\] I can't do anything about the formatting. As soon as I enter the change the browser left justifies everything, removing all my white spaces.unmount=true FIND_WIN_PARTITION(){ unset FIND_WIN_OS FIND_WIN_REC WIN_OS_DRIVE ; local FIND_WIN_OS FIND_WIN_REC WIN_OS_DRIVE ; FIND_WIN_REC=$(sudo fdisk -l | grep "Microsoft reserved" | awk '{print $1}') ; # Find the reserved drive flag. FIND_WIN_OS="${FIND_WIN_REC:5:3}" ; # removes ("/dev/") echoing the next 3 characters (sd?, nvm, dis...) if eval sudo fdisk -l | grep "${FIND_WIN_OS}" | grep "Microsoft basic data" | awk '{print $1}' ; then
# Now we can find the Windows OS drive
WIN_OS_DRIVE="$(sudo fdisk -l | grep "${FIND_WIN_OS}" | grep "Microsoft basic data" | grep -v "/media" | awk '{print $1}')" &>/dev/null ;
# unmount, true or false
if [[ "${unmount}" == true ]] ; then
if df | grep "$WIN_OS_DRIVE" &>/dev/null ;then sudo umount -f "$WIN_OS_DRIVE" ;fi ;
fi ;
if [[ -n "${FIND_WIN_OS}" ]] ; then { echo "${FIND_WIN_OS}" ; return 0 ; } ; fi ; else [[ -z ${FIND_WIN_REC} ]] && return 1 ;fi ; }
https://redd.it/1bn484p
@r_bash
performance between xargs and arrays in bash? External programs
In general, how do the performance between xargs and arrays in bash compare? I don't write scripts professionally but for personal scripts, I tend to prefer posix when possible for being ubiquitous (even though this will probably never benefit me for home use) and whatever marginal performances there are.
But it seems arrays are mainly the deciding factor for switching to bash and I was wondering:
How performance compares between xargs in posix script to get array-like features vs. bash's native array support (obviously you can use xargs in bash too but that's irrelevant). Are there other reasons to use one over the other?
Somewhat related to above, is calling external program like xargs always slower than something that can be done natively in the shell? Why is this generally the case, doesn't it depend more on how it's implemented in the external program and in bash, such as the coding language it's implemented in and how well it's optimized?
Unless you handling with a ton of data (not usually the case for simple home scripts unless you're dealing with logs or databases I assume), are there any other reasons to not simply write a script in the simplest way possible to quickly understand what's going on? E.g. Except in the case of logs, databases, or lots of files in the filesystem, I'm guessing you will not shave more than a second or two off execution time if you liberally pipe commands involving e.g. grep, sed, cut, column vs. a single long awk command but unless you're regularly dealing with awk the former seems preferable. I was initially set on learning enough awk to replace all those commands with just awk but now I'm having second thoughts.
I'm also wondering if there's a modern alternative to awk that might be less archaic in syntax/usage (e.g. maybe even a general programming language with libraries to do what awk can). Or perhaps awk is still worth learning in 2024 because it can do things modern applications/languages can't do as well?
https://redd.it/1bmbvy5
@r_bash
Terminals are Colorful and Beautiful with Powerlevel10k
https://dly.to/eIIlIJUvevj
https://redd.it/1bl2zo4
@r_bash
ShellCheck Wrapper Script for Bash Scripting
Hello r/bash,
I've written a Bash script that enhances the use of ShellCheck for linting shell scripts. This is a utility aimed at those who need to ensure their scripts adhere to best practices and are free of common errors.
Key Features:
Recursive or single-directory checking.
Verbose mode for detailed analysis.
Ability to specify ShellCheck exclusions.
Option to output results to a file.
Automatic ShellCheck installation if not present.
Moving error-free scripts to a specified directory.
Summary report of ShellCheck results.
Color output for easier reading.
The script supports various configurations, allowing you to tailor the linting process to your needs, including the exclusion of specific checks and the organization of scripts based on their linting results.
It's a straightforward tool designed to integrate with existing workflows, offering practical options for those looking to improve the quality of their Bash scripts.
Feel free to try it and see if it fits your scripting routine.
Example Usage:
./shellcheck.sh --color -s -d GitHub-Projects -m "$PWD/GitHub-Projects/completed"
./shellcheck.sh --recursive -v --output script-errors.txt
GitHub Script
https://redd.it/1bk5fu2
@r_bash
- %-11s | ♂ | ☿ | ♃ | ♀ | ♄ | ☉ | ☽ |\n" "11" "$hour_day_11"
printf "%-2s - %-11s | ☉ | ☽ | ♂ | ☿ | ♃ | ♀ | ♄ |\n" "12" "$hour_day_12"
printf "%-2s NIGHT---------M---T---W---T---F---S---S-|\n"
printf "%-2s - %-11s | ♀ | ♄ | ☉ | ☽ | ♂ | ☿ | ♃ |\n" "1" "$hour_night_1"
printf "%-2s - %-11s | ☿ | ♃ | ♀ | ♄ | ☉ | ☽ | ♂ |\n" "2" "$hour_night_2"
printf "%-2s - %-11s | ☽ | ♂ | ☿ | ♃ | ♀ | ♄ | ☉ |\n" "3" "$hour_night_3"
printf "%-2s - %-11s | ♄ | ☉ | ☽ | ♂ | ☿ | ♃ | ♀ |\n" "4" "$hour_night_4"
printf "%-2s - %-11s | ♃ | ♀ | ♄ | ☉ | ☽ | ♂ | ☿ |\n" "5" "$hour_night_5"
printf "%-2s - %-11s | ♂ | ☿ | ♃ | ♀ | ♄ | ☉ | ☽ |\n" "6" "$hour_night_6"
printf "%-2s - %-11s | ☉ | ☽ | ♂ | ☿ | ♃ | ♀ | ♄ |\n" "7" "$hour_night_7"
printf "%-2s - %-11s | ♀ | ♄ | ☉ | ☽ | ♂ | ☿ | ♃ |\n" "8" "$hour_night_8"
printf "%-2s - %-11s | ☿ | ♃ | ♀ | ♄ | ☉ | ☽ | ♂ |\n" "9" "$hour_night_9"
printf "%-2s - %-11s | ☽ | ♂ | ☿ | ♃ | ♀ | ♄ | ☉ |\n" "10" "$hour_night_10"
printf "%-2s - %-11s | ♄ | ☉ | ☽ | ♂ | ☿ | ♃ | ♀ |\n" "11" "$hour_night_11"
printf "%-2s - %-11s | ♃ | ♀ | ♄ | ☉ | ☽ | ♂ | ☿ |\n" "12" "$hour_night_12"
}
# displays planetary hours using parameters
day_number="$1"
# Set variable for the specific day
case $day_number in
1) echo -n "$MOON" ; day_var="MONDAY_MOON_" ;;
2) echo -n "$MARS" ; day_var="TUESDAY_MARS_" ;;
3) echo -n "$MERCURY" ; day_var="WEDNESDAY_MERCURY_" ;;
4) echo -n "$JUPITER" ; day_var="THURSDAY_JUPITER_" ;;
5) echo -n "$VENUS" ; day_var="FRIDAY_VENUS_" ;;
6) echo -n "$SATURN" ; day_var="SATURDAY_SATURN_" ;;
7) echo -n "$SUN" ; day_var="SUNDAY_SUN_" ;;
8) day_var="PLANETARY_HOURS_CHART_" ;;
*)
# If day_number was set but is not valid
if [[ -n "$day_number" ]]; then
echo "Invalid day number. Please provide a number from 1 to 8."
exit 1
fi
esac
# Activate the selected day's variable
if [[ -n "$day_var" ]]; then
declare "$day_var=1"
fi
# Check each variable and call the corresponding function if enabled
if [ "${MONDAY_MOON_}" -eq 1 ]; then MONDAY_MOON; fi
if [ "${TUESDAY_MARS_}" -eq 1 ]; then TUESDAY_MARS; fi
if [ "${WEDNESDAY_MERCURY_}" -eq 1 ]; then WEDNESDAY_MERCURY; fi
if [ "${THURSDAY_JUPITER_}" -eq 1 ]; then THURSDAY_JUPITER; fi
if [ "${FRIDAY_VENUS_}" -eq 1 ]; then FRIDAY_VENUS; fi
if [ "${SATURDAY_SATURN_}" -eq 1 ]; then SATURDAY_SATURN; fi
if [ "${SUNDAY_SUN_}" -eq 1 ]; then SUNDAY_SUN; fi
if [ "${PLANETARY_HOURS_CHART_}" -eq 1 ]; then PLANETARY_HOURS_CHART; fi
https://redd.it/1bjpl4w
@r_bash
12))
# Calculate hourly intervals for the day period
hour_day_1=$(date -d "$HOUR_SUNRISE:$MINUTES_SUNRISE today + 0 minutes" +'%H:%M')
for i in {2..12}; do
minutes_x=$(( "$DAYLIGHT_PERIOD" * ($i - 1) ))
hour_day=$(date -d "$HOUR_SUNRISE:$MINUTES_SUNRISE today + ${minutes_x} minutes" +'%H:%M')
eval "hour_day_$i='$hour_day'"
done
# Calculate hourly intervals for the night period
hour_night_1=$(date -d "$HOUR_SUNSET:$MINUTES_SUNSET today + 0 minutes" +'%H:%M')
for i in {2..12}; do
minutes_nx=$(( "$NIGHT_PERIOD" * ($i - 1) ))
hour_night=$(date -d "$HOUR_SUNSET:$MINUTES_SUNSET today + ${minutes_nx} minutes" +'%H:%M')
eval "hour_night_$i='$hour_night'"
done
# Assign calculated hours to variables start1 through start24
for i in {1..24}; do
if [ "$i" -le 12 ]; then
eval "start$i=\$hour_day_$i"
else
j=$((i - 12)) # Adjust index for night hours
eval "start$i=\$hour_night_$j"
fi
done
# Transition threshold: Determines when the day transitions to the next in terms of planetary influence.
TRANSITION_THRESHOLD="$HOUR_SUNRISE:$MINUTES_SUNRISE"
# Get current time
NOW_TIME=$(date +%H:%M)
# Calculate current day of the week (1 is Monday, 7 is Sunday)
CURRENT_WEEKDAY=$(date +%u)
# Adjust current day based on the time threshold
if [[ "$NOW_TIME" < "$TRANSITION_THRESHOLD" ]]; then
if [[ "$CURRENT_WEEKDAY" -eq 1 ]]; then
CURRENT_WEEKDAY=7
else
CURRENT_WEEKDAY=$((CURRENT_WEEKDAY - 1))
fi
fi
day_of_week="$CURRENT_WEEKDAY"
# Assign the corresponding planet symbol to the current day.
# Use sed to set the variable corresponding to the current day to 1 within the first 15 lines
case $day_of_week in
1) symbol="$MOON" ; sed -i '1,15s/MONDAY_MOON_=0/MONDAY_MOON_=1/' ;;
2) symbol="$MARS" ; sed -i '1,15s/TUESDAY_MARS_=0/TUESDAY_MARS_=1/' "$FILE" ;;
3) symbol="$MERCURY" ; sed -i '1,15s/WEDNESDAY_MERCURY_=0/WEDNESDAY_MERCURY_=1/' "$FILE" ;;
4) symbol="$JUPITER" ; sed -i '1,15s/THURSDAY_JUPITER_=0/THURSDAY_JUPITER_=1/' "$FILE" ;;
5) symbol="$VENUS" ; sed -i '1,15s/FRIDAY_VENUS_=0/FRIDAY_VENUS_=1/' "$FILE" ;;
6) symbol="$SATURN" ; sed -i '1,15s/SATURDAY_SATURN_=0/SATURDAY_SATURN_=1/' "$FILE" ;;
7) symbol="$SUN" ; sed -i '1,15s/SUNDAY_SUN_=0/SUNDAY_SUN_=1/' "$FILE" ;;
*) symbol="Unknown" ;;
esac
# Print the symbol if DAY_OF_WEEK_ is enabled
if [ "$DAY_OF_WEEK_" -eq 1 ]; then
echo -n "$symbol"
fi
# Get current time in HH:MM format
current_time=$(date +%H:%M)
# Function to check the current time against start and end times to determine the governing planet
check_time() {
# Converting hours to minutes since midnight for easier comparison
local start_minutes=$((10#${1:0:2} * 60 + 10#${1:3:2}))
local end_minutes=$((10#${2:0:2} * 60 + 10#${2:3:2}))
local current_minutes=$((10#${current_time:0:2} * 60 + 10#${current_time:3:2}))
# Handles the case of an interval that crosses midnight
if [[ "$end_minutes" -le "$start_minutes" ]]; then
# If the current time is before midnight and the interval ends after midnight
if [[ "$current_minutes" -gt "$start_minutes" || "$current_minutes" -lt "$end_minutes" ]]; then
echo -n "$3"
fi
else
# Normal interval, which doesn't cross midnight
if [[ "$current_minutes" -gt "$start_minutes" && "$current_minutes" -lt "$end_minutes" ]]; then
echo -n "$3"
fi
fi
}
# Define functions for each day to check planetary hours
check_planetary_hours() {
local day_planets=("$@") # Receives the planets for the specific day
local starts=(
"$start1" "$start2" "$start3" "$start4" "$start5" "$start6"
"$start7" "$start8" "$start9" "$start10" "$start11"
Help with automation script!
Hello guys! I am trying to make an automated installer for my tool, I have only 2 problems.
​
function configurervm() {
createcwuser
gpg --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3 7D2BAF1CF37B13E2069D6956105BD0E739499BDB
gpg2 --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3 7D2BAF1CF37B13E2069D6956105BD0E739499BDB
curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable
export rvmpath="$HOME/.rvm"
source /etc/profile.d/rvm.sh
adduser folder rvm
}
function setupfolder() {
local secret=$(head /dev/urandom | tr -dc A-Za-z0-9 | head -c 63 ; echo '')
local RAILSENV=production
getpgpass
sudo -i -u folder << EOF
rvm --version
rvm autolibs disable
rvm install "ruby-3.2.2"
rvm use 3.2.2 --default
git clone https://gitlab.com/xxxx/xxxx.git folder
echo "GitLab login successful."
cd folder
git folder "$BRANCH"
bundle
yarn
cp .env.example .env
sed -i -e "/SECRETKEYBASE/ s/=.*/=$secret/" .env
sed -i -e '/REDISURL/ s/=./=redis:\/\/localhost:6379/' .env
sed -i -e '/POSTGRES_HOST/ s/=./=localhost/' .env
sed -i -e '/POSTGRESUSERNAME/ s/=.*/=folder/' .env
sed -i -e "/POSTGRESPASSWORD/ s/=./=$pg_pass/" .env
sed -i -e '/RAILS_ENV/ s/=./=$RAILSENV/' .env
echo -en "\nINSTALLATIONENV=linuxscript" >> ".env"
rake assets:precompile RAILSENV=production NODEOPTIONS=--openssl-legacy-provider
EOF
}
this step source /etc/profile.d/rvm.shThe other problem I have, something exactly similar happens to me... which is here:
​
function installdependencies() {
apt update && apt upgrade -y
apt list --upgradable -a
apt --fix-broken install
apt install -y curl gnupg gnupg1 gnupg2
curl -sS https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian/pubkey.gpg | apt-key add -
echo "deb https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian/ stable main" | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/yarn.list
curl -fsSL https://packages.redis.io/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/redis-archive-keyring.gpg
echo "deb signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/redis-archive-keyring.gpg https://packages.redis.io/deb $(lsbrelease -cs) main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/redis.list
mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/gpgkey/nodesource-repo.gpg.key | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/nodesource.gpg
NODEMAJOR=20
echo "deb signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/nodesource.gpg https://deb.nodesource.com/node$NODEMAJOR.x nodistro main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nodesource.list
apt update
apt install -y \
git software-properties-common ca-certificates imagemagick libpq-dev \
libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev file g++ gcc autoconf build-essential \
libssl-dev libyaml-dev libreadline-dev gnupg2 \
postgresql-client redis-tools \
nodejs yarn patch ruby-dev zlib1g-dev liblzma-dev \
libgmp-dev libncurses5-dev libffi-dev libgdbm6 libgdbm-dev sudo \
libvips python3-pip
}
once it is finishing it throws spanpd firefox pkg error... but here again if I manually run the apt --fix-broken install and run the script again everything works perfectly... this apt --fix I already have -broken install in the script but it doesn't seem to run.
https://redd.it/1bj2s55
@r_bash
How to kill a process identifying it with the maximum precision...
Hello.
I'm trying to create a menu to be able to connect to the gateways offered by the VPN provider that I use,in realtime,because this feature is not present for the FreeBSD users. I've almost finished the script. It works,but it needs only a little bit more refining. This is the structure that I use to select the gateways :
select opt in "${options[@]}"
do
case $opt in
"1. Cairo")
/usr/local/sbin/openvpn --cd /usr/local/etc/
openvpn --daemon openvpn --config /home/marietto/Desktop/
Files/Gateways/openvpn.conf
echo "Tryng to connect..." && sleep 3
VPN_IP="$(curl api.ipify.org)"
echo $PUBLIC_IP
echo $VPN_IP
if [ "${PUBLIC_IP}" = "${VPN_IP}" ]; then
echo "This gateway didn't work. Try another
one."
ps ax | grep openvpn
ps ax | grep openvpn | awk '{ print $1; }' |
xargs kill -9
else
echo "Now you are connected to Cairo."
fi
;;
This is what happens when I run it :
==> ./start-vpn
kill: 6281: No such process
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 13 100 13 0 0 50 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 50
1) 1. Cairo
Please enter your choice: 1
Tryng to connect...
This gateway didn't work. Try another one.
6287 - Ss 0:00,00 /usr/local/sbin/openvpn --cd /usr/local/etc/openvpn --daemon openvpn --config /
6291 1 R+ 0:00,00 grep openvpn (ggrep)
kill: 6293: No such process
I want to suppress this error : ---> kill: 6293: No such process
I think that it happens because this command :
ps ax | grep openvpn | awk '{ print $1; }' | xargs kill -9
should be modified because it kills the two processes above (6287 and 6291) but it should kill only the first one. Can someone help me ?
https://redd.it/1bix3a5
@r_bash
Anyone know of a pure-bash hack to read 1 byte *before* a file descriptor's current byte offset?
Im trying to find a [better] solution to a very specific and unusual problem.
I have two processes using the same file. One is appending data to the end of this file
cat >>file &
The other is reading from the start of the file in chunks of `N` lines using
{ while true; do
...
mapfile [-t] -d $delim -n $N -u $fd A
...
done; } {fd}<file
Problem is that the reading process can occasionally "catch up" to the writing process while it is buffering data. When this happens it hits an EOF and returns, often in the middle of a line. The code this is in requires lines to be read as complete lines (not partial ones), making this a problem.
Unfortunately, `mapfile` (unlike `read`) does not change its exit status / return value depending on whether or not returned because you hit an EOF. As such, the only way ive thought of to detect this is to check if the last byte read was a `$delim` or not. Hense this question.
Any ideas? I have a working approach right now, but being able to, say, rewind the file descriptor 1 byte and then read 1 byte would be a considerably faster and more efficient solution. (this is going in my [forkrun](https://github.com/jkool702/forkrun/blob/main/forkrun.bash) utility, which I am always trying to make faster and more efficient).
Thanks in advance.
Side note: The ${fd} file descriptor cannot be closed between reads, as it is shared with other processes. ponly 1 process reads at a given time, but when 1 is done the next picks up where it left off, requiring the file descriptor to stay open. It could, perhaps, be locally overwritten for the current reading process though.
***
***
### CURRENT APPROACH
My current approach is typically to drop the `-t` from mapfile, then check if the last char of the last element in `A` is a `$delim`, and if not loop `read` until i hit one and append to the last element.
mapfile -d $delim -n $N -u $fd A
[[ "${A[-1]: -1}" == "$delim" ]] || {
until read -r -d $delim -u $fd; do
A[-1]+="$REPLY"
done
}
A=("${A%"$delim"}")
# note that `read` returns `false` if it hits an EOF (or times out) and `true` otherwise
I say "typically" because this doesnt work if the delimiter is a NULL, since bash drop's NULL's regardless if you use mapfile's `-t` flag. In this case I get the last byte read by figuring out the byte position using procfs, then using `dd` to skip to that byte position in the file and read 1 byte:
mapfile -t -d '' -n $N -u $fd A
read -r fd_pos </proc/self/fdinfo/$fd
fd_pos="${fd_pos%%$'\t'*}"
dd if=file bs=1 count=1 skip=$((fd_pos-1)) status=none | read -r -d '' || {
until read -r -d '' -u $fd; do
A[-1]+="$REPLY"
done
}
***
***
Id love to replace these both with something like
mapfile -t -d $delim -n $N -u $fd A
rewind_FD_1_byte $fd
read -r -n 1 -u $fd
[[ ${REPLY} ]] || {
until read -r -d $delim -u $fd; do
A[-1]+="$REPLY"
done
}
https://redd.it/1bilrb2
@r_bash
i am running rsync in a while loop and it isn't releasing when finished.
Everything runs as it should, but at the end of the program rsync isn't signalling that it is finished and the "Working" stays in an infinite loop until I shut it down. What am I missing? I should be simple enough, print out the stuff while the program runs, when finished, stop.
​RUN_RSYNC() { tput sc ; tput civis ; tput ed ; size=5 ; host=$1 ; dest=$2 ; declare exitcode ; printf '\t%s\r\t' "One moment. Checking destination drive..." ; while [[ $( rsync "${RSYNC_FLAGS[*]}" -- "${host}/" "${dest}" | sed "s/^/$(date +%m-%d-%Y_%H%M)\t>>\t" |& tee -a "${RSYNC_LOG}" ) != 0 ]] ; do unset i ; tput el ; printf '\r\tWorking' ; for (( i=1 ; i<="${size}" ; i++ )) ; do printf '%s' "." ; sleep 0.5 ; done ; printf '\r\tWorking' ; for (( i=1 ; i<="${size}" ; i++ )) ; do printf '%s' " " ; sleep 0.5 ; done ; printf '\r' ; done ; exitcode=$? ; return "${exitcode}" ; tput cnorm ; tput rc ; } ;
Edit: I have tried not using != 0, and using just the process itself, and there is the same issue
https://redd.it/1bhuqn4
@r_bash
Command not Found in Script Only
Hi,
I recently starting learning bash. I thought to create a bash script to automate installing and configuring ollama.
#!/usr/bin/bash
curl -fsSL https://ollama.com/install.sh | sh // This is for installing ollama
ollama run llama2
touch Modelfile
// rest of file
How to play a beep when the emby server process die using a bash script.
Hello to everyone.
I'm trying to keep up one Emby server on my ARM Chromebook arm 32 bit aka SNOW where I have installed Devuan 5.
The real problem is that it is up only for some time and then it closes.
To fix this problem,I've added this line :
​
7:2345:respawn:/opt/emby-server/bin/emby-server
to /etc/inittab.
Furthermore,for the sake of my curiosity I would like to hear a beep when the emby server process dies. I tried some scripts written in bash found on Internet,but none of them worked.
​
​
https://redd.it/1bheafr
@r_bash
Radion, an internet radio CLI client, written in Bash.
https://redd.it/1bh3x8y
@r_bash
completely new to bash, what is this thing? what is it telling me?
https://redd.it/1bgy38y
@r_bash
Share & Improve: A Bash Script for Streamlining Math Calculations
Hey everyone,
I've put together a bash script aimed at simplifying a wide array of math calculations. From quick percentage figures to solving algebraic equations, this tool is designed to help those who prefer working within the terminal or need a quick, scriptable solution to common math problems. It's a project born out of a desire to assist and provide value to our community.
# Script Highlights:
Broad Coverage: Includes calculations for percentages, geometry, algebra, and more.
User-Friendly: Offers a straightforward selection menu for different formulas, designed with ease of use in mind.
# I Need Your Insight:
This script isn't just for me; it's for all of us. I'm reaching out to you for two main reasons:
Efficiency and Optimization: If you have suggestions on how to make the script run smoother or cleaner, I'm all ears.
Expanding the Toolkit: I want this to be as useful as possible. If there's a calculation you find yourself needing that's not included, let me know. Let's build something great together.
# Why This Matters:
I believe in the power of sharing knowledge and tools. This script is a small contribution to that ethos. It's about more than just solving equations; it's about empowering each other with the resources to tackle our challenges more efficiently. I believe there are people, especially students, who could benefit from a script like this.
# Contribute:
Whether it's suggesting new features, optimizing current ones, or just sharing your thoughts on the approach, your input is invaluable. This script is open for improvement, and with your help, we can make it an even more useful resource for everyone.
I look forward to seeing your feedback.
GitHub Script
https://redd.it/1bgjjx5
@r_bash