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Microsoft to Replace All C/C++ Code With Rust by 2030
https://www.thurrott.com/dev/330980/microsoft-to-replace-all-c-c-code-with-rust-by-2030
https://redd.it/1pv5nsd
@r_cpp
static_cast<GstElement *>(data);
const auto sink_pad = gst_element_get_static_pad(decodebin_ref, "sink");
if (gst_pad_link(src_pad, sink_pad) != GST_PAD_LINK_OK)
{
std::cerr << "Failed to link source to decodebin" << std::endl;
}
gst_object_unref(sink_pad);
}),
decodebin);
// Dynamic pad linking for decodebin -> videoconvert
// ReSharper disable once CppParameterMayBeConst
g_signal_connect(decodebin, "pad-added", G_CALLBACK(+[]([[maybe_unused]] GstElement *src, GstPad *new_pad, gpointer data)
{
const auto videoconvert_ref = static_cast<GstElement *>(data);
if (g_str_has_prefix(GST_PAD_NAME(new_pad), "src"))
{
const auto sink_pad = gst_element_get_static_pad(videoconvert_ref, "sink");
if (gst_pad_link(new_pad, sink_pad) != GST_PAD_LINK_OK)
{
std::cerr << "Failed to link decodebin to videoconvert" << std::endl;
}
gst_object_unref(sink_pad);
}
}),
videoconvert);
gst_element_link(videoconvert, x264enc);
gst_element_link(x264enc, h264parse);
gst_element_link(h264parse, rtph264pay);
gst_element_link(rtph264pay, tee);
gst_element_link(fakeQueue, fakesink);
gst_element_link(tee, fakeQueue);
```
Please, if someone know what I'm doing wrong or how can I fix it, this issue is consuming a lot of time and I don't know what to do :')
https://redd.it/1puw1xi
@r_cpp
Course program for 1st year students - no experience with OOP
Hi guys,
I'll be teaching relative newbies OOP in C++. They know some C++ but no OOP. Each lecture will be 3 hours. What do you think about the curriculum?
* **Introduction to OOP.** Review of pointers, references, and memory types in C++. Passing by value/reference. Procedural style vs. OOP – what OOP improves. Basic principles of OOP. Classes and objects at a high level. Structures in C++. Comparison of the basic principles with Java. Examples.
* **Abstraction and Encapsulation.** Access modifiers. Abstraction. Const classes and member functions. `mutable`. Streams and file input/output.
* **Constructors and Destructor.** The `this` pointer. Invocation of constructors and destructors. Converting constructors. Constructor and destructor calls when creating arrays (static and dynamic). The RAII principle.
* **Copy constructor and assignment operator (**`operator=`**).** Separate compilation. Preprocessor. Composition and aggregation. Examples – the `Student` class.
* **Move semantics** – benefits, lvalue, rvalue, move constructor/assignment operator, `std::move`. Example of a string class with move semantics (C++11). Arrays of pointers to objects.
* **Rule of Five and Rule of Zero.** Dynamic memory in classes. `default` / `delete` for special member functions (C++11). Example of a student class with a name (arbitrary length) and an array of grades (arbitrary length).
* **Operator overloading.** Friend classes and functions. Defaulted comparison operators and `<=>` (C++20). Example implementation of a complex number and an `Nvector`.
* **Error handling.** Static data members. Exceptions. Exception handling. Exception hierarchies and examples. Exceptions in constructors and destructors. Levels of exception safety. Modern approach – `std::expected` (C++23). Example of a class that counts its instances.
* **Relationships between objects.** Association. Dependencies. Ownership. Design guidelines.
* **Inheritance.** Types of inheritance. Function parameters (pointers and references). Constructors and destructors in inheritance. Copying in inheritance. Move semantics in inheritance. Example with a person, student, and teacher.
* **The** `virtual` **keyword.** Static and dynamic binding. Virtual functions. Keywords `override`, `final`. Virtual tables. Polymorphism – runtime and compile-time. Example.
* **Abstract classes and interfaces.** Pure virtual functions. Object slicing, type casts. Type erasure (`std::function`, C++11). Comparison with Java.
* **Multiple inheritance.** Diamond problem. Collections of objects in a polymorphic hierarchy. Copying and deletion. Example with the `Student` class.
* **Templates.** Required functions in a template class/template function. Template specializations. Examples of template classes/functions from the standard library. Smart pointers. Usage and idea of `shared_ptr`, `weak_ptr`, `unique_ptr` (C++11/14). Example of a stack (with template capacity) and a queue (with a `resize` function).
* **Design patterns.** SOLID principles. Pattern examples – Singleton, Factory, Prototype, Composite, Flyweight, Iterator, Command, Visitor, PIMPL – examples.
https://redd.it/1puugre
@r_cpp
Mastering Function and Class Templates in C++: A Complete Guide
https://techfortalk.co.uk/2023/02/05/beginners-guide-to-c-templates-2/
https://redd.it/1pupsrn
@r_cpp
The real problem of C++ - Meeting C++ 2025
Talk from Klaus Iglberger
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmNkbUgADBE
https://redd.it/1pumq0y
@r_cpp
Multidimensional algorithms?
Hi, not sure where this should go? We will soon have submdspan in C++26, which is enough to make mdspan useful in practice.
Now the next step required is multidimensional algorithms. People are apparently against having iterators, but you can just implement them yourself.
The only standard md-algorithm is the Einstein summation notation. You can easily modify this notation to be a transformation reduction rather than a pure summation. Anyone working with mdstructures probably has that algorithm already.
But my question is: are there any plans or thoughts on md-algorithms going forward?
I mean, it's nice without it, but I am an early adaoptor and I used the reference implementation to replace an existing library. That was only possible by using submdspan and adding a few custom iterators.
https://redd.it/1pukt78
@r_cpp
Are AI Doom Predictions Overhyped?
https://youtu.be/pAj3zRfAvfc
https://redd.it/1puh91q
@r_cpp
Any addition to my Roadmap.
C++ PROGRAMMING
Topics
GENERAL
ALGORITHMS AND DATA STRUCTURES
Data structures
- Arrays and Vectors
- Linked Lists
- Stacks and Queues
- Trees (BST, AVL, Red-Black)
- Graphs
- Hash Tables
- Heaps
Algorithms
- Sorting
- Searching
- Graph Algorithms
- Dynamic Programming
- Greedy Algorithms
CODE QUALITY
Core principles
- SOLID Principles
- DRY, KISS, YAGNI
Design Patterns
- Creational
- Structural
- Behavioral
Clean Code
- Naming Conventions
- Code Organization
Tools
- Linters
- Static Analyzers
- Profilers
C++ CORE
BASIC SYNTAX
Variables and Constants
Data Types
Operators
Comments
Input/Output (cin, cout)
Namespaces
CONTROL FLOW
Conditional Statements
- if, else if, else
- switch-case
Loops
- for, while, do-while
- Range-based for loop
Jump Statements
- break, continue, return
- goto
FUNCTIONS
Function Declaration
Function Definition
Function Overloading
Default Arguments
Inline Functions
Recursion
Function Pointers
Lambda Expressions
OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING
Classes and Objects
- Class Definition
- Access Specifiers (public, private, protected)
- Member Functions
- Member Variables
Constructors
- Default Constructor
- Parameterized Constructor
- Copy Constructor
- Move Constructor
Destructors
this Pointer
Static Members
Friend Functions and Classes
Const Member Functions
INHERITANCE
Single Inheritance
Multiple Inheritance
Multilevel Inheritance
Hierarchical Inheritance
Virtual Base Classes
Access Control in Inheritance
Constructor/Destructor Order
POLYMORPHISM
Compile-time Polymorphism
- Function Overloading
- Operator Overloading
Runtime Polymorphism
- Virtual Functions
- Pure Virtual Functions
- Abstract Classes
- Virtual Destructors
Virtual Function Table (vtable)
ENCAPSULATION AND ABSTRACTION
Data Hiding
Getter and Setter Methods
Abstract Classes
Interfaces
POINTERS AND REFERENCES
Pointers
- Pointer Basics
- Pointer Arithmetic
- Pointers to Objects
- this Pointer
- Function Pointers
References
- Lvalue References
- Rvalue References
- Reference vs Pointer
Dynamic Memory
- new and delete
- new[] and delete[]
- Memory Leaks
TEMPLATES
Function Templates
Class Templates
Template Specialization
Variadic Templates
Template Metaprogramming
SFINAE
STANDARD TEMPLATE LIBRARY (STL)
CONTAINERS
Sequence Containers
- vector
- deque
- list
- array
- forward_list
Associative Containers
- set, multiset
- map, multimap
Unordered Containers
- unordered_set
- unordered_map
Container Adaptors
- stack
- queue
- priority_queue
ITERATORS
Iterator Types
Iterator Operations
Iterator Invalidation
Reverse Iterators
ALGORITHMS
Non-modifying
- find, count, search
Modifying
- copy, move, transform
Sorting
- sort, stable_sort, partial_sort
Binary Search
Set Operations
Heap Operations
FUNCTORS AND LAMBDA
Function Objects
Lambda Expressions
std::function
std::bind
MODERN C++ (C++11/14/17/20/23)
C++11 FEATURES
Auto keyword
Range-based for loops
nullptr
Move
All the other cool languages have try...finally. C++ says "We have try...finally at home."
https://devblogs.microsoft.com/oldnewthing/20251222-00/?p=111890
https://redd.it/1pudexb
@r_cpp
C++ is actually a great language for LLMs
I remember hearing a few months ago that c++ isn't a great language for tools like copilot, cursor or IDE replacements. Personally, it's really integrated into my workflow and I want to say I'm having a lot of positive experiences. So I wanted to share that a bit to those still in the mindset that these tools are a negative.
For one, I keep my scope small. I try to provide just the context it needs. Sometimes I will checkout the code of a third party library just so it can pull in that context if it needs. I can't provide all the best advice on this, because some of it has nothing to do with the language, other people have written great articles, and this is a skill you develop over time.
But for small and large wins, c++ is a great language. Questions like "are there any unnecessary string copies?", "are there any objects that are accidentally being passed by value?", to more beefy stuff like improving the performance of individual functions, or removing unnecessary blocks in your threading lifecycle. It understands the cost of memory allocations if you tell it that is important, flatten data structures to keep it contiguous, and it will adhere to the design of your codebase.
Anyway, I'm having a lot of fun with cursor in a c++ codebase and just wanted to evangelize a little - if you haven't integrated this into your codebase then you really are missing a very fundamental shift in software engineering role.
I will also say that there is such a variance in AI tools. I like neovim, but having to provide the context of individual files was painful. Cursor is able to use external tools to perform its job and search. The use of one vs the use of the other feel like performing a completely different role (neovim + plugins might be better now I don't know).
And a caveat: these tools can be used negatively and carelessly. I'm not here to argue that some form of SWE hasn't degraded, especially when you're working with coworkers who aren't taking care in their use. The trick is to keep the scope small, tell it what is important to you in your codebase, and increase the scope as you get more comfortable with the tool.
https://redd.it/1pu78s9
@r_cpp
New 0-copy deserialization protocol
Hello all! Seems like serialization is a popular topic these days for some reason...
I've posted before about the c++ library "zerialize" (https://github.com/colinator/zerialize), which offers serialization/deserialization and translation across multiple dynamic (self-describing) serialization formats, including json, flexbuffers, cbor, and message pack. The big benefit is that when the underlying protocol supports it, it supports 0-copy deserialization, including directly into xtensor/eigen matrices.
Well, I've added two things to it:
1) Run-time serialization. Before this, you would have to define your serialized objects at compile-time. Now you can do it at run-time too (although, of course, it's slower).
2) A new built-in protocol! I call it "ZERA" for ZERo-copy Arena". With all other protocols, I cannot guarantee that tensors will be properly aligned when 'coming off the wire', and so the tensor deserialization will perform a copy if the data isn't properly aligned. ZERA _does_ support this though - if the caller can guarantee that the underlying bytes are, say, 8-byte aligned, then everything inside the message will also be properly aligned. This results in the fastest 0-copy tensor deserialization, and works well for SIMD etc. And it's fast (but not compact)! Check out the benchmark_compare directory.
Definitely open to feedback or requests!
https://redd.it/1pu6zwe
@r_cpp
tieredsort - 3.8x faster than std::sort for integers, header-only
Made a sorting library that detects data patterns before sorting.
Results (n=100k):
Random: 3.8x faster than std::sort, 1.6x faster than ska_sort
Dense data (ages, sensors): 30x faster than std::sort, 9x faster than ska_sort
The idea: real data isn't random. Ages are 0-100. Sensors are 12-bit. When the range is small, counting sort beats everything.
Detection cost: 12 comparisons + 64 samples. Negligible.
C++17, header-only, no SIMD needed.
GitHub: https://github.com/Cranot/tieredsort
Looking for feedback on edge cases I might have missed.
https://redd.it/1pu554f
@r_cpp
iceoryx2 v0.8 released
It’s Christmas, which means it’s time for the iceoryx2 "Christmas" release!
Check it out: https://github.com/eclipse-iceoryx/iceoryx2 Full release announcement: https://ekxide.io/blog/iceoryx2-0.8-release/
iceoryx2 is a true zero-copy communication middleware designed to build robust and efficient systems. It enables ultra-low-latency communication between processes - comparable to Unix domain sockets or message queues, but significantly faster and easier to use.
The library provides language bindings for C, C++, Python, Rust, and C#, and runs on Linux, macOS, Windows, FreeBSD, and QNX, with experimental support for Android and VxWorks.
With this release we added the memory‑layout compatible types StaticString and StaticVector, which have Rust counterparts that let you exchange complex data structures between C++ and Rust without serialization.
The blackboard messaging pattern – a key‑value repository in shared memory that can be accessed from multiple processes – is now fully integrated, and the C++ language bindings are complete.
I wish you a Merry Christmas and happy hacking if you’d like to experiment with the new features!
https://redd.it/1ptyu8a
@r_cpp
Is my project good enough for CV?
Well, I’m currently a Polish IT student, and I’m looking for a job. Since I don’t have any professional experience yet, I decided to create something meaningful to put on my CV.
Initially, the idea was to build a parser that uses RPN to evaluate expressions. However, over time I kept adding more features: user-defined functions and variables, recursion, short-circuiting, assignment operations, references, local variables, sequential execution, loops, and multi-line input. All of this eventually required building an AST and dealing with a lot of pointer-related complexity.
I’ve gone through several refactorings (I still consider myself a beginner at programming) and even one complete rewrite of the code. I also noticed that there isn’t much detailed information about some parsing topics—at least beyond Wikipedia.
At this point, the project feels more like a very weak version of Desmos (without graphs) than just a calculator. Now I’m wondering: should I continue developing this project further, should I move on to something more complex, or is this already enough for a CV pet project?
Here’s the GitHub link in case anyone is interested:
https://github.com/YaroslavPryatkin/CoolCalculator
https://redd.it/1pt9veo
@r_cpp
how i can share my projects in reddit if they run in console?
Should i send all code in messeage? Or file of my code? And if file, how?
https://redd.it/1pt0fdx
@r_cpp
Micro-benchmarking Type Erasure: std::function vs. Abseil vs. Boost vs. Function2 (Clang 20, Ryzen 9 9950X)
I'm currently developing SereneDB and some time ago we performed some micro-benchmarks to evaluate the call overhead of `std::function` against popular alternatives.
We compared
* `std::function`
* `absl::AnyInvocable`, `absl::FunctionRef`
* `boost::function`
* `fu2::function` / `fu2::unique_function`
Setup
* **CPU:** AMD Ryzen 9 9950X 16-Core (Zen 5)
* **Compiler:** Clang 20.1.8 (-O3)
* **Std Lib:** libc++ 20 (ABI v2)
* **Methodology:** Follows Abseil's micro-benchmarking practices (using DoNotOptimize to prevent dead-code elimination).
* Benchmark source code is available [**here**](https://github.com/serenedb/serenedb/blob/main/tests/bench/micro/function.cpp)**.**
Results and notes ([click here to see the visualized results](https://imgur.com/JUX738l))
|**Trivial Lambda**|||
|:-|:-|:-|
|`std::function`|**0.91 ns**|Surprisingly fast, likely because libc++ is devirtualizing this|
|`absl::FunctionRef`|0.90 ns|Non-owning, consistently fast|
|`boost::function`|0.95 ns||
|`absl::AnyInvocable`|1.81 ns||
|`fu2::function`|4.77 ns|Significant overhead (likely missed devirtualization)|
|**Large Lambda (SBO Check)**|||
|`std::function`|5.51 ns|Hit the allocation|
|`absl::FunctionRef`|**1.09 ns**|Immune to capture size (reference semantics)|
|`boost::function`|10.20 ns|Heaviest penalty for large captures|
|`fu2::function`|6.06 ns||
|**Function Pointers**|||
|`absl::FunctionRef`|1.08 ns||
|`absl::FunctionValue`|**0.89 ns**||
|`std::function`|1.10 ns||
|`fu2::function_view`|1.09 ns|The view variant performs well|
|**With Non-Trivial Args**|||
|absl::FunctionRef|2.53 ns|Slightly slower than std::function here|
|`std::function`|**2.39 ns**||
|`absl::AnyInvocable`|2.39 ns||
|`boost::function`|3.84 ns||
# Key Observations
1. **Clang & libc++:** The most surprising result is `std::function` (0.91ns) beating `absl::AnyInvocable` and `fu2` in the trivial case. Since we're using Clang 20 with libc++, the compiler is likely seeing through the type erasure and devirtualizing the call completely.
2. **Views are great:** If you don't need ownership, `absl::FunctionRef` (or `fu2::function_view`) beats owning wrappers in performance. `absl::FunctionRef` remained \~1ns even when the underlying lambda was large, whereas `std::function` jumped to \~5.5ns due to allocation/SBO limits.
3. **The function2 (fu2) poor results:** We observed `fu2::function` hovering around \~4.8ns for trivial cases. Since `std::function` is <1ns, this suggests that while Clang could inline the standard library implementation, it failed to devirtualize the `fu2` vtable, resulting in a true indirect call.
4. **Features vs Raw Speed:** While `fu2` lagged in this specific micro-benchmark, it provides powerful features that `std::function` lacks, such as function overloading.
5. **Boost:** Shows its age slightly with the highest penalty for large captures (10.2ns).
# Conclusion
Based on the results, at **SereneDB** we decided to stick to `std::function` or `absl::FunctionRef` depending on the use case (ownership vs. non-ownership), as they currently offer the best performance-to-complexity ratio for our specific compiler setup.
repo: [https://github.com/serenedb/serenedb](https://github.com/serenedb/serenedb)
https://redd.it/1puz450
@r_cpp
Gstreamer: RTSP pipeline is not being freed
Hi everyone!
Sorry for posting it here and not in r/gstreamer, I'm waiting to be accepted but this issue is making me crazy.
I'm working on a C++ program which uses gstreamer to get a video from mediamtx via rtsp and send it to other targets via rtp udp, If mediamtx stops the video stream, my program should be trying to read it until the stream is available again. Also, this programs is used for multiple video streams, so every pipeline is run on a separated thread.
When the mediamtx video source is not available, my program enters on a loop where it resets the pipeline every n seconds, so when the video is available again, my program read it again and send to the other targets.
The issue is that every time the video is avaiable again, the pipeline allocates memory (for x264enc I think) but it doesn't frees the memory used before, so after a while between some video restarts, the memory allocated grows a lot, the only way to free it is restarting my program.
I tried to use valgrind, LSAN, GST_TRACER and `gst_deinit()` at the end of my program to check for any memory leak, but there is nothing related to the pipeline, also when the thread that is running the stream is stopped, I'm sure that the pipeline is removed with this:
```cpp
struct GstDeleter
{
void operator()(GstElement *ptr) const
{
if (ptr) gst_object_unref(ptr);
}
};
```
I checked the refcount before the unref, and is 1, so its supposed that the pipeline and the other elements (source, encoders, etc.) will be deleted.
The restart section is the following:
```cpp
void RtspStream::RestartConnection()
{
...
std::cout << Format("Video stream lost for %ld seconds, waiting 3s to reconnect\n", seconds_elapsed);
std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(3));
std::cout << "Reconnecting..." << std::endl;
GstState state, pending;
gst_element_set_state(pipeline.get(), GST_STATE_NULL);
gst_element_get_state(pipeline.get(), &state, &pending, GST_CLOCK_TIME_NONE);
gst_element_set_state(pipeline.get(), GST_STATE_PLAYING);
gst_element_get_state(pipeline.get(), &state, &pending, GST_CLOCK_TIME_NONE);
}
```
The pipeline is the following:
```cpp
pipeline = std::unique_ptr<GstElement, GstDeleter>(gst_pipeline_new(pipelineName.c_str()));
const auto pipelineSource = gst_element_factory_make("rtspsrc", "source");
const auto decodebin = gst_element_factory_make("decodebin", "decoder");
const auto videoconvert = gst_element_factory_make("videoconvert", "videoconvert");
const auto x264enc = gst_element_factory_make("x264enc", "x264enc");
const auto h264parse = gst_element_factory_make("h264parse", "h264parse");
const auto rtph264pay = gst_element_factory_make("rtph264pay", "rtph264pay");
const auto tee = gst_element_factory_make("tee", "tee");
const auto fakeQueue = gst_element_factory_make("queue", "fake_queue");
const auto fakesink = gst_element_factory_make("fakesink", "fakesink");
if (!pipeline || !pipelineSource || !decodebin || !videoconvert || !x264enc || !h264parse || !rtph264pay || !tee || !fakeQueue || !fakesink)
{
std::cerr << "Failed to create elements" << std::endl;
return;
}
g_object_set(source, "onvif-rate-control", 0, "location", src.url.value().c_str(), "latency", 0u, nullptr);
gst_util_set_object_arg(G_OBJECT(source), "protocols", "tcp");
gst_util_set_object_arg(G_OBJECT(x264enc), "tune", "zerolatency");
gst_util_set_object_arg(G_OBJECT(x264enc), "speed-preset", "ultrafast");
g_object_set(x264enc, "key-int-max", 15u, nullptr);
g_object_set(rtph264pay, "config-interval", 1, "pt", 96, nullptr);
gst_bin_add_many(GST_BIN(pipeline.get()), pipelineSource, decodebin, videoconvert, x264enc, h264parse, rtph264pay, tee, fakeQueue, fakesink, nullptr);
// Dynamic pad linking for source -> decodebin
// ReSharper disable once CppParameterMayBeConst
g_signal_connect(pipelineSource, "pad-added", G_CALLBACK(+[]([[maybe_unused]] GstElement *src, GstPad *src_pad, gpointer data)
{
const auto decodebin_ref =
Anyone else getting survey request from Microsoft about C++ in VSCode?
Got a survey notification for C++ experience in VSCode. Which seems like a good sign Microsoft might actually be interested in improving support for it.
Anyone else getting these or is this just a random thing they do every once in a while?
https://redd.it/1purcv5
@r_cpp
Choosing the Right C++ Containers for Performance
https://techfortalk.co.uk/2025/12/24/optimal-c-containers-for-performance-efficiency/
https://redd.it/1pup0ka
@r_cpp
C++ moving semantics
I am new to C++ coming from C
I have seen this code and it doesn't mame sense to me how an object is returned ?
like is it a pointer or what exactly.
I have limited knowledge on value types
`std::string take(std::string&& s) {
std::string x = std::move(s);
return x;
}
int main (){
const char* b {"hello, world"};
string a = take(b);}`
https://redd.it/1pukem3
@r_cpp
Galen Hunt's update on Rust, AI, C, C++ job post purpose
https://www.linkedin.com/posts/galenh_principal-software-engineer-coreai-microsoft-activity-7407863239289729024-WTzf
https://redd.it/1puiiyy
@r_cpp
Semantics
Perfect Forwarding
Smart Pointers
constexpr
Initializer Lists
Delegating Constructors
C++14 FEATURES
Generic Lambdas
Return Type Deduction
Binary Literals
Variable Templates
C++17 FEATURES
Structured Bindings
if/switch with initializers
std::optional
std::variant
std::any
Fold Expressions
Inline Variables
C++20 FEATURES
Concepts
Ranges
Coroutines
Modules
Three-way Comparison (<=>)
std::span
MEMORY MANAGEMENT
Stack vs Heap
RAII (Resource Acquisition Is Initialization)
Smart Pointers
- unique_ptr
- shared_ptr
- weak_ptr
Custom Allocators
Memory Pools
EXCEPTION HANDLING
try-catch blocks
throw keyword
Exception Classes
Standard Exceptions
noexcept specifier
Exception Safety Guarantees
FILE I/O
Stream Classes
- ifstream, ofstream, fstream
File Operations
Binary File I/O
String Streams
Formatting
MULTITHREADING
std::thread
Mutexes and Locks
Condition Variables
Atomic Operations
Thread-local Storage
Futures and Promises
async
PREPROCESSOR
Macros
#include
Header Guards
#pragma once
Conditional Compilation
ADVANCED TOPICS
Type Casting
- static_cast
- dynamic_cast
- const_cast
- reinterpret_cast
RTTI (Runtime Type Information)
Operator Overloading
Copy Elision and RVO
Perfect Forwarding
Name Mangling
Linkage
COMPILATION AND BUILD
Compilation Process
Header Files
Source Files
Linking
Build Systems
- Make
- CMake
Compiler Options
Requested a AI to provide a CPP roadmap to know CPP very thoroughly, and it has provided me this roadmap. Do you have additions? Or is this good for modern CPP?
https://redd.it/1pug6hs
@r_cpp
Any addition to my Roadmap.
C++ PROGRAMMING
Topics
GENERAL
ALGORITHMS AND DATA STRUCTURES
Data structures
- Arrays and Vectors
- Linked Lists
- Stacks and Queues
- Trees (BST, AVL, Red-Black)
- Graphs
- Hash Tables
- Heaps
Algorithms
- Sorting
- Searching
- Graph Algorithms
- Dynamic Programming
- Greedy Algorithms
CODE QUALITY
Core principles
- SOLID Principles
- DRY, KISS, YAGNI
Design Patterns
- Creational
- Structural
- Behavioral
Clean Code
- Naming Conventions
- Code Organization
Tools
- Linters
- Static Analyzers
- Profilers
C++ CORE
BASIC SYNTAX
Variables and Constants
Data Types
Operators
Comments
Input/Output (cin, cout)
Namespaces
CONTROL FLOW
Conditional Statements
- if, else if, else
- switch-case
Loops
- for, while, do-while
- Range-based for loop
Jump Statements
- break, continue, return
- goto
FUNCTIONS
Function Declaration
Function Definition
Function Overloading
Default Arguments
Inline Functions
Recursion
Function Pointers
Lambda Expressions
OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING
Classes and Objects
- Class Definition
- Access Specifiers (public, private, protected)
- Member Functions
- Member Variables
Constructors
- Default Constructor
- Parameterized Constructor
- Copy Constructor
- Move Constructor
Destructors
this Pointer
Static Members
Friend Functions and Classes
Const Member Functions
INHERITANCE
Single Inheritance
Multiple Inheritance
Multilevel Inheritance
Hierarchical Inheritance
Virtual Base Classes
Access Control in Inheritance
Constructor/Destructor Order
POLYMORPHISM
Compile-time Polymorphism
- Function Overloading
- Operator Overloading
Runtime Polymorphism
- Virtual Functions
- Pure Virtual Functions
- Abstract Classes
- Virtual Destructors
Virtual Function Table (vtable)
ENCAPSULATION AND ABSTRACTION
Data Hiding
Getter and Setter Methods
Abstract Classes
Interfaces
POINTERS AND REFERENCES
Pointers
- Pointer Basics
- Pointer Arithmetic
- Pointers to Objects
- this Pointer
- Function Pointers
References
- Lvalue References
- Rvalue References
- Reference vs Pointer
Dynamic Memory
- new and delete
- new and delete
- Memory Leaks
TEMPLATES
Function Templates
Class Templates
Template Specialization
Variadic Templates
Template Metaprogramming
SFINAE
STANDARD TEMPLATE LIBRARY (STL)
CONTAINERS
Sequence Containers
- vector
- deque
- list
- array
- forwardlist
Associative Containers
- set, multiset
- map, multimap
Unordered Containers
- unorderedset
- unorderedmap
Container Adaptors
- stack
- queue
- priorityqueue
ITERATORS
Iterator Types
Iterator Operations
Iterator Invalidation
Reverse Iterators
ALGORITHMS
Non-modifying
- find, count, search
Modifying
- copy, move, transform
Sorting
- sort, stablesort, partialsort
Binary Search
Set Operations
Heap Operations
FUNCTORS AND LAMBDA
Function Objects
Lambda Expressions
std::function
std::bind
MODERN C++ (C++11/14/17/20/23)
C++11 FEATURES
Auto keyword
Range-based for loops
nullptr
Move
Why do I rarely come across 'using namespace std?'
For context, I'm pretty new to this language. I'm about halfway through 'C++ A Beginners Guide by Herbert Schildt,' but I have explored the language past this book (embedded things).
In the book, the standard namespace is used for every program.
In C++ programs that I typically see, std:: is used (e.g., std::cout).
Is there a disadvantage to using the namespace? Is it that it's outdated?
(The book im reading is from the early 2000's)
https://redd.it/1pubujb
@r_cpp
Wait-Free Chunked I/O Buffer
We’re building a database and recently implemented a custom `I/O buffer` to handle the Postgres wire protocol. We considered `folly::IOBuf` and `absl::Cord`, but decided to implement a specialized version to avoid mutexes and simplify "late" size-prefixing.
**Key Technical Features:**
* **Chunked Storage:** Prevents large reallocations and minimizes `memcpy` by using a chain of fixed-size buffers.
* **Wait-Free:** Designed for high-concurrency network I/O without mutex contention.
* **Uncommitted Writes:** Allows reserving space at the start of a message for a size prefix that is only known after the payload is serialized, avoiding data shifts.
**Why custom?** Most generic "Cord" implementations were either slow or not truly concurrent. Our buffer allows one writer and one reader to work at the same time without locks and it actually works quite well to the benchmarks.
**Code & Details:**
* [Benchmarks & Blog Post](https://www.serenedb.com/blog/io-buffer)
* [Source Code (GitHub)](https://github.com/serenedb/serenedb/blob/main/libs/basics/message_buffer.h)
I'd love to hear your thoughts on our approach and if anyone has seen similar wins by moving away from `std::mutex` in their transport layers.
https://redd.it/1pu8cfs
@r_cpp
Is this the end of C++ at Microsoft?
Given the goals and push for Rust https://www.linkedin.com/posts/galenh_principal-software-engineer-coreai-microsoft-activity-7407863239289729024-WTzf
https://redd.it/1pu6cf7
@r_cpp
A little Introduction to Control Flow Integrity - James McNellis - Keynote Meeting C++ 2025
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_eX7AVB4qzM
https://redd.it/1pty5kj
@r_cpp
Microsoft (CoreAI) is targeting to eliminate all C/C++ code by 2030
https://www.linkedin.com/posts/galenh_principal-software-engineer-coreai-microsoft-activity-7407863239289729024-WTzf?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_ios&rcm=ACoAADgSZWYBfz-mLxzSdYSPqeNrByfljD_nKg4
https://redd.it/1ptokql
@r_cpp
Maintaining the Legacy: Total-Random takes over pcg-cpp maintenance (Support for Win ARM64, MSVC fixes, and Modern C++)
Hi everyone,
Like many of you, we consider the PCG (Permuted Congruential Generator) family of PRNGs by Prof. Melissa O'Neill to be the gold standard for performance and statistical quality. However, the original pcg-cpp repository has been inactive for over 3 years, leaving many critical community-submitted patches unmerged.
To ensure this vital library remains usable in modern development environments, we have formed Total-Random, a community-led organization dedicated to maintaining and modernizing legacy RNG libraries.
We have just released our first stable version of the Total-Random/pcg-cpp fork, which includes:
Windows ARM64 Support: Integrated fixes for ARM64 architecture (thanks to Demonese/LuaSTG).
MSVC Compatibility: Resolved C2678 ambiguous operator errors and other MSVC-specific build failures.
Empty Base Class Optimization (EBCO): Enabled __declspec(empty_bases) for MSVC to ensure optimal memory layout, matching GCC/Clang behavior.
Robust 128-bit Fallback: Improved handling for platforms lacking native __uint128_t support.
Improved unxorshift: Replaced the recursive implementation with a more efficient iterative doubling loop to prevent stack issues and improve clarity.
Our goal is to keep the library header-only, bit-for-bit compatible with the original algorithm, and ready for C++11/17/20/23.
Community Recognition: We are honored to have received early attention and feedback from researchers in the field, including Ben Haller (@bhaller) from Cornell University. You can see the community discussion regarding our transition here:https://github.com/imneme/pcg-cpp/issues/106
Check us out on GitHub: Total-Random/pcg-cpp
We welcome PRs, issues, and feedback from the community. Let's keep the best PRNG alive and kicking!
Best regards, The Total-Random Team
https://redd.it/1pt25rg
@r_cpp
Any Libraries for Asynchronous requests with HTTP2
Ive recently picked up C++ and am looking to port a program that i had previously written in python using aiohttp, but im having trouble finding a library that makes it easy to handle asynchronous http requests. I initially tried using liburing in conjunction with nghttp2, but quickly found that that was way over my level of knowledge. does anyone have any possible suggestions on what i should do. I cant use any libraries like boost because i need HTTP2 for its multiplexing capabilities.
https://redd.it/1psmrx6
@r_cpp