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This channel explains daily editorial covering indian express, Hindustan Times, Livemint and Hindu. You can reach to me for any query at @saurabhGSPaper2
#Governance GS Paper 2
Context:- CIC is not doing its function properly.
The mandate of CIC is to decide whether to disclose the information or not. We all know CIC OR SIC come into play during second appeal, When there is no reply within 3o days from PIO, then you make first appeal before department and then second appeal to Information commissioner SIC in case of state and CIC in case of Centre.
Good work by CIC:-
1.Passed order to bring political parties under RTI.
2. Order the disclosure of PM educational qualification.
3. Order to RBI for the disclosure of wilful defaulter .
But Now CIC has become walking dead institution:-
read below
#Governance GS Paper 2
The Nutrition issue has been discussed more than 15 times here.
#Governance GS Paper 2
Context:- Digital personal data protection bill is providing for state surveillance.
Purpose of the bill:- The purpose of this Bill is to provide for the processing of digital personal data in a manner that recognises the right of individuals to protect their personal data, the need to process personal data for lawful purposes and for other incidental purposes.
#Polity GS Paper 2
Context:- The petitions were filed in 2017 challenging the provisions of Finance Act 2017 which paved the way for anonymous electoral bonds. The Finance Act 2017 introduced amendments in Reserve Bank of India Act, Companies Act, Income Tax Act, Representation of Peoples Act and Foreign Contributions Regulation act.
#Polity gs paper 2
Context:- Review of quasi judicial bodies related to land, tenancy, excise etc.
Issues with quasi judicial bodies related to Land:+
1. These bodies are having official having many other functions to perform like law and order, protocol, coordination along with judicial activity.
2. Offices are understaffed.
3. The access to the court clerks and record keeper is limited.
4. Lack of adequate supervision and ownership.
Suggestions:-
1. Collection of data on functioning of these agencies is needed.
2. Electronic platform should be established to handle all ancillary works related to administration of justice.
3. Research on functioning of these bodies
4. Training
5. Procedural reforms such as minimising adjournment, mandatory filling of written argument should be adopted.
#Polity GS Paper 2
A very good article, talks about 3 things:-
1. Appointment of Vice chancellor
2. SC Judgement on appointment of Vice Chancellor.
2. Reason for such judgment lies in Article 245 of the constitution.
READ BELOW
#Polity GS Paper 2
Context:- Promise of cooperative federalism by this ruling govt is mere promise only.
#Governance GS Paper 2
A new World Bank report estimates that India will need to invest $840 billion over the next 15 years—or an average of $55 billion per annum—into urban infrastructure if it is to effectively meet the needs of its fast-growing urban population.
1. Women who are vocal and visible in the digital space, for example, celebrities, content makers, journalists, and activists, have become major targets of online violence.
2. The most common type involves sexually explicit hate comments, often objectifying women's bodies.
3. This leads to name-calling and labelling women as "prostitutes" or "cheap women" coming in front of the camera for views and money.
4. The attacks come in the form of moral policing.
5. Another less explicit but perhaps equally harmful tendency is to question women's credibility. This is specifically evident when they are discussing sexual harassment, domestic violence, rape, etc.
6. In short, this emerging form of online backlash is not only closing the digital space for women but also shrinking the civic space for promoting gender justice
#Governance gs Paper 2
Context:-Criteria for setting Eklavya model residential schools (EMRS)has been changed and Parliamentary standing committee on social justice considered this criteria as impractical and cumbersome.
What is EMRS?
Ans:- The idea of setting these schools was to build schools like kendriya vidyalaya and jawahar navodaya vidyalaya in tribal areas.
Revamped criteria:-
These schools will be set up in minimum land of 15 acre and in area where atleast 20000 ST population is living which constitute of 50% of total population in area.
Problem is :- This is very impractical criteria because they are scattered and don't live in single place so criteria of population is of no meaning. And also land acquisition is a major problem especially in left wing region, hilly areas etc.
The article talks about the importance of Autonomy in higher educational institutions as only 3 HEI has been named amongst top 200 in QS University Ranking.
If you will compare it with foreign universities, they have been granted autonomy in the terms of operations, finance ,staffing and academic. Ex:- European university commission has autonomy tool where one can compare the degree of autonomy the college have.
In India, HEI are funded by UGC and subjected to very strict regulatory regime.
NEP ON higher education:-
Consider the following statements:-
1.One can tweet maximum of 280 words at one time.
2. Blue tick feature was announced after Larry Bird ( NBA Star) made a pitch for designating celebraties seperately.
3. Project blue sky is an initiative to develop decentralised social network protocol.
Choose the correct answer:-
#Governance GS Paper 3
Context:- Government brought nformation Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021 to regulate the content on social media platform and mandates the establishment of Grievance Appellate Committees for the same.
But Author is supporting the idea of Co-regulation, like Digital service act of EU because:-
1. Platforms will retain reasonable autonomy over their terms of service. Co-regulation will give them the flexibility to define the evolving standards of harmful content.
2. Co-regulation aligns government and platform. interests. Ex:- during the pandemic, platforms took varied measures to tackle disinformation.
3. Incentivising platforms to act as Good Samaritans will build healthy online environments.
4. It allows the state to outsource content regulation to platforms, which are better equipped to tackle modern content moderation challenges.
1. In the matter of public importance like disclosure of covid related files, or phone tapping order, the commission said better to ask ministry of these information.
2. CIC refused to hear internet freedom foundation when home ministry refused to disclose the information on tapping order.
3. Same with disclosure of non performing asset and defaulter of cooperative bank.
Facts and Figures:-
➡️According to "The state of food security and nutrition in the world" Report, India accounts for 28% of the world's stunted ( low height for age) children and 43% of wasted ( low weight for height) children
➡️Keeping this in mind, India has launched National Nutrition mission that aims to reduce stunting,underweight and low birth weight by 2022.
Can India achieve its target?? Yes if focus on:-----
✍️ Focus should be on mother education especially higher education has multiplier effect on child feeding practise and sanitation facilities.
✍️ Focus on WASH initiative that is safe drinking water, sanitation and hygiene.
✍️ Leveraging agricultural policies and focus on diversification of diet basket.
✍️ Promotion of exclusive breast feeding and introduction of diverse diets after the six months which is essential to meet the nutritional needs of infants.
Thus the need is to address multidimensional determinants of malnutrition on the urgent basis.
Features:-
Right of Individual:-
1. Right to information.
2. Right to consent.
3. Right to erase/.
4. Right to nominate:- Data principals will also have the right to nominate an individual who will exercise these rights in the event of their death or incapacity.
The Bill also proposes to set up a Data Protection Board to ensure compliance with the Bill.In case of an unsatisfactory response from the Data Fiduciary, the consumers can file a complaint to the Data Protection Board.
The penalties will be imposed ranging from Rs. 50 crores to Rs. 500 crores.
Issues with the bill:-
1. The bill permits exemption to private sector as date can be shared with them also.
2. The Centre has been empowered to exempt its agencies from adhering to provisions of the Bill in the interest of sovereignty and integrity of India, security of the state, friendly relations with foreign states, maintenance of public order or preventing incitement to any cognisable offence.
#Polity GS PAPER 2
Context:- Independence of EC is questioned by Justice Kurian on the pretext of chopping down the tenure of CEC and Other EC from 8 years in 1950's to less than 1 year especially after 2004
If you will see Transaction of Business rule 1991 and EC (Conditions of service of EC) the term of CEC and EC IS 6 YEARS OR till the age of 65, but a disturbing trend is now person is not appointed for 6 years. then what is the use of tenure as decided in the act.
SC Judge has also said that under article 324, removal by the way of impeachment is also of not any use because you are appointing them for few days as per your convenience (Impeachment ki jarurat hi nahi pad rahi hai, indirectly hata le rahe ho)
First understand what has been done through this amendment:
1. Now loss making domestic companies can also contribute.
2. Earlier Foreign companies where the controlling stake was held by a foreign company could not contribute, now they can.
1. ADR Challenges the Electoral bond as unconstitutional because it is creating anonymity and opaqueness in the system of political funding.
2. By virtue of the 2017 amendment made to Section 29C of the Representation of Peoples Act 1951(RPA), political parties need not report to ECI the donation received through electoral bond. The ECI has described this a "retrograde step as far as transparency of donations is concerned" and called for withdrawal of the amendment.
3. The amendments made to Companies Act 2013 were also flagged by the ECI. The amendment to Section 182 of the Act took away the restriction that contribution can be made only to the extent of 7.5% of net average profit of three preceding financial years, enabling even newly incorporated companies to donate
4. Also, the amendment to Section 182(3) abolished the provision that companies should declare their political contributions in their profit and loss accounts.
If you want to know more about electoral bond, Read below
#Governance GS Paper 2
The article talks about new personal data protection bill, but we will not talk about this right now as this news will mature in coming days. Today we will see about Data protection regime across the world.
EU:- The law here is General data protection regime with sub laws like Digital service act and digital market act. DSA focus on issue like regulating hate speech, counterfeit goods etc and DMA is checking on that no one should exploit the market ie To check anti competitive practices.
USA:- The approach towards data protection is different for private and public sectors. Privacy is addressed by Privacy act and there are some sector specific norms.
China:- The law is Data security law, requires Business data will be categorised by the level of importance and government will have overarching power to collect data.
Appointment of VC:- A VS is appointed by Chancellor as per the State University Act but w also know Education is in concurrent list therefore UGC has also its rules for the appointment of VC.
SC Judgement:-
In the first case of Gambhirdan Gadhvi VS State of Gujrat, SC cancelled the appointment of VC on the ground search committee did not form the panel for the appointment of VC. And this is not in accordance with UGC Regulation. Now here you may think. A VC is appointed by University act , then why SC said it is not as per UGC Regulations. SC said that State law is not above UGC Regulation.
In the second case Dr Sreejith VS Dr Rajsasree, court said search committee for the appointment of VC has recommended only one name, thus against UGC Regulation. Again SC gave same logic.
REASON FOR SUCH JUDGEMENT
If the provisions of State law comes in conflict with Union law, the state law will become void :- Article 254
Why SC is wrong in using Article 254?
1. Article 254 talks about laws of state and Union, but UGC has framed regulation not law for appointment of VC.
2. The rules and regulation made by UGC (Though it is framed by Parliament ie UGC Act) does not pass through the same process as state law passes through.
3. The article 13 define the meaning of law which is applicable to that article only. it does not include the rules, regulation for the purpose of article 254.
Analysis:
1. This is the first time Government has not accepted the recommendation of Finance commission. Ex:- Special grant to 3 (Karnataka, Mizoram, and Telangana) states to ensure that tax devolution in 2020-21 should not be less than 2019-20.
2. The GOI has proposed to treat off budget borrowings is the part of state budget and treating it as states borrowings and adjusting it as against borrowing limits under FRBM is against the rule.
3. Also centre is raising off budget borrowings but mainly for meeting revenue expenditure. But treating off budget borrowings of state corporation as state's borrowings is unjustified.
4. Focus on Cess and surcharges only: The share of cess and surcharge has increased from 13.5% to 20%.
Current Situation
1. Currently, the central and state governments finance over 75 percent of city infrastructure, while urban local bodies (ULB) finance 15 percent through their own surplus revenues.
2. Only 5 percent of the infrastructure needs of Indian cities are currently being financed through private sources.
#Indian society GS Paper 1
Context:- Online threat to women.
The main thrust of this policy regarding higher education is to end the fragmentation of higher
education by transforming higher education institutions into large multidisciplinary universities,
colleges, and HEI clusters/Knowledge Hubs.
1. A stage-wise mechanism for granting graded autonomy to colleges, through a transparent
system of graded accreditation, will be established.
2. Colleges will be encouraged, mentored,
supported, and incentivized to gradually attain the minimum benchmarks required for each level of
accreditation.
3. Over a period of time, it is envisaged that every college would develop into either an
Autonomous degree-granting College, or a constituent college of a university.
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Only institute where faculties( vivek sir , myself and other faculties) are preparing questions, Model answers and evaluating your copies in front of you.
1. A gender-neutral definition of rape is required. Section 375 of IPC does not include men, hijras, and boys as the victims of rape and only considers women as victims of rape.
2. Sedition under Section 124 A
3. Section 57: Life Imprisonment as a punishment is at the discretion of the court as to the number of years. It depends more on the nature of the crime that has been committed. But, when it comes to the calculation of fractions of punishment, it is fixed for 20 years. This takes away the discretionary power of a judge and differences arise upon choosing the approach of giving punishments.
4. Forensic evidence
Forensic evidence should be made compulsory in criminal cases .
5. Laws On custodial Torture and death
6. Inquisitorial system of investigation
Countries like Germany and France follow the inquisitorial system of investigation, where a judge is actively involved in investigating the facts of the case, whereas we follow the adversarial system of investigation. Some of the points of the inquisitorial system of investigation can also be added to the present laws. Inquisitorial system of investigation has a high rate of conviction.
7. Inclusion of law relating to Match and spot-fixing:- Till now police investigate these cases under cheating but lack of legislation and other things associated with it, they fail to prosecute the alleged person.