-
This channel explains daily editorial covering indian express, Hindustan Times, Livemint and Hindu. You can reach to me for any query at @saurabhGSPaper2
Sub Centre:
1. Sub Centres are assigned tasks relating to interpersonal communication in order to bring about behavioral change and provide services in relation to maternal and child health, family welfare, nutrition, immunization, diarrhoea control and control of communicable diseases programmes.
2. Each Sub Centre is required to be manned by at least one auxiliary nurse midwife (ANM) / female health worker and one male health worker.
Primary Health Centre
1. PHC is the first contact point between village community and the medical officer.
2. The PHCs were envisaged to provide an integrated curative and preventive health care to the rural population with emphasis on preventive and promotive aspects of health care.
3.The PHCs are established and maintained by the State governments under the Minimum Needs Programme (MNP)/ Basic Minimum Services (BMS) Programme.
4. As per minimum requirement, a PHC is to be manned by a medical officer supported by 14 paramedical and other staff.
Community Health care:
1. As per minimum norms, a CHC is required to be manned by four medical specialists i.e. surgeon, physician, gynecologist and pediatrician supported by 21 paramedical and other staff. It has 30 in-door beds with one OT, X-ray, labour room and laboratory facilities.
2. It serves as a referral centre for 4 PHCs and also provides facilities for obstetric care and specialist consultations.
As per the Rural health statistics, there is a shortfall of 79.5% IN 2022.
What are the issues with MGNREGA
1. First, budget allocation over the years has been insufficient. While there has been an increase in the nominal budget in the last two years, after adjusting for inflation, the budget has actually decreased over the years.
2. The government, in order to ensure “leakage proof payment” through the National Electronic Fund Management System (NeFMS). Under the NeFMS, funds remain centralised in one account under the control of the Government of India, while the allocation of money to the implementing agencies is only notional.
3. the centralised mechanism reverses the process of strengthening panchayati raj institutions, which, even after 25 years of being a part of federal constitutional arrangements, remain weak for lack of devolution of power, functions, and functionaries: the three Fs.
4. stagnating MGNREGA wages. Delinking of MGNREGA wage rates from the Minimum Wages Act (MWA), 1948 has contributed to this.
5. Poor asset quality created as a part of the programme.
6. . Uneven implementation across states
7. There is a delay on the part of centre to transfer funds to the State. This delay in payment of wages discourages people from taking up more work.
SOLUTION:
1. Ministry of Rural development must amplify the payment process and has to be transparent about pending wage payments.
2. Strengthen implementation capacities where expenditure is low instead of curbing expenditure. There has to be focus on exclusion error and not inclusion error.
3. Make it participative:- Bring civil society, worker union and representatives of self help groups into the discussion.
Assertion (A): Democratic government is a government which is always republican.
Reason (R): A republican government is government which is always democratic.
Which one of the following is true:
a) A and R are true, but neither is an explanation of the other.
b) A and R are true but constitute the explanation of each other
c) Both A and R are true.
d) Both A and R are false.
e) A is true, but R is false.
f) A is false, but R is true.
#Governance GS Paper 2
Context:- Groundwater governance has improved.
World bank says India is the largest groundwater user. Groundwater is meeting nearly 80% of country's drinking water and 2/3rd of irrigation needs.
India's effort:
1. Creation of jal shakti Ministry.
2. Installing ground water observation wells.
3. Installing digital water level recorders.
4. Aquifer mapping and Data dissemination.
5.Atal Bhujal yojna focuses on participatory groundwater management and inculcate behavioural change.
6. National project on aquifer management envisages the mapping of aquifers. (Around 24 lakh km sq area have been mapped)
Answer is All of these
Statement 1 and 2:- A foreign national, - (i) who was a citizen of India at the time of, or at any time after 26th January, 1950; or (ii) who was eligible to become a citizen of India on 26th January, 1950; or (iii) who belonged to a territory that became part of India after 15th August, 1947; or (iv) who is a child or a grandchild or a great grandchild of such a citizen; or (v) who is a minor child of such persons mentioned above; or (vi) who is a minor child and whose both parents are citizens of India or one of the parents is a citizen of India - is eligible for registration as OCI cardholder
Statement 3:- Following benefits will be allowed to an OCI:
(a) Multi-purpose, multiple entry, lifelong visa for visiting India.
(b) Exemption from registration with local police authority for any
length of stay in India.
(c) Parity with NRIs in respect of economic, financial and
education fields except in matters relating to the acquisition of
agricultural/plantation properties.
Will any other benefit be granted to an OCI?
Any other benefits to an OCI will be notified by the Ministry of
Overseas Indian Affairs (MOIA) under Section 7B(1) of the
Citizenship Act, 1955.
Is the OCI entitled to voting rights?
No.
Is the OCI entitled to hold constitutional post in India?
No.
Is the OCI entitled to hold Government posts in India?
No, except for the posts specified by an order by the Central
Government.
Why Mungekar committee has termed the 5 th schedule as constitution within constitution?
Answer:- Because of special provision:-
1. The Union Government shall have executive powers to give directions to the States as to the administration of the Scheduled Areas.
2. Para 4 of the Fifth Schedule provides for establishment of a Tribes Advisory Council (TAC) in any State having Scheduled Areas. If the President so directs, there will be established a TAC in a State having Scheduled tribes but not Scheduled Areas therein, consisting of not more than twenty members of whom, three-fourths shall be the representatives of the Scheduled Tribes in the Legislative Assembly of the State.
3. The TAC shall advise on such matters pertaining to the welfare and the advancement of the STs in the State as may be referred to them by the Governor.
4. The Governor may make rules prescribing or regulating
the number of members of the Council, the mode of their appointment and the appointment of the Chairman of the Council and of the officers and servants,
the conduct of its meetings and its procedure in general
I just want to know from you guys, so that i can make a change accordingly that can help you more:
a. MCQ posted is not as per UPSC Standard.
b. MCQ posted here below the quality of renowned institute.
c. MCQ posted here is above the quality of renowned institute and adding values to your preparation
d. MCQ posted here is neither of quality nor of use.
1. Consider the following statements with respect to Bail:
1.Anticipatory bill can be granted by District court and Hight court both.
2.The court can cancel the bail at the time of ongoing interrogation, not at the time of trial.
3.Grant of bail in non-bailable offences is a judicial discretion given to the magistrate and no power is given to the police in these kinds of cases.
Which of the following code is “Incorrect”:
Ans:-
1. Gram panchayat depends on state and centre for both discretionary and non discretionary grants for day to day activities. And access to discretionary grants depends on political and bureaucratic connections.
2. An ordinate delay in transferring approved funds to panchayat account stalls local development and this in Telangana, this has forced sarpanch to use private funds for panchayat.
3. State governments often impose conditionalities on spending limits on various expenditures by panchayat.
4. Another problem is disbursal of payments requires technical approval and administrative approval from local officials such as BDO.
5. In Telangana, section 37 of telangana act allows DM to suspend sarpanch. This often led to abuse of power
1. The Act defines different forms of sexual abuse, including penetrative and non penetrative assault, as well as sexual harassment and pornography.
2. The Act deems a sexual assault to be “aggravated” under certain circumstances, such as when the abused child is mentally ill or when the abuse is committed by a person in a position of trust or authority like a family member, police officer, teacher, or doctor.
3. The Act also casts the police in the role of child protectors during the investigative process.
4. The Act stipulates that a case of child sexual abuse must be disposed of within one year from the date the offence is reported.
Recent Amendment:-
▶️Gender neutral:- The amendment will include the death penalty in all cases of aggravated penetrative sexual assault against children, both boys and girls, below the age of 18, thus making the Act gender neutral.
▶️Definition:- The definition of ‘sexual assault’ in POCSO has been amended to include administering hormones to children expedite their sexual maturity for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation.
▶️The existing definition covers 20 categories of penetrative sexual crimes against children and the Cabinet has approved adding sexual assault of children who are victims of calamities or natural disasters, taking it up to 21 categories.
▶️List of perpetrators:- The 21 categories under aggravated penetrative sexual assault cover child victims who have been subject to penetrative sexual assault by a police officer or a member of the armed forces or security forces, by a public servant, a relative, the staff of a jail or remand home or protection home, staff of a hospital, educational institution, or religious institution among others.
▶️More stringent punishment:- The amendments extend the punishment for aggravated penetrative sexual assault from a minimum of 10 years to a minimum of 20 years, up to a maximum of life imprisonment and even the death penalty under Section 6 of POCSO Act.
CHALLENGES:
1. No change in investigation:
a. Investigation is still guided by CrPC.
b. The POCSO act requires recording of statement by women subinspector at child's residence but not practically possible to comply with the provision because women in police force is just 10%.
2. There is a provision to record statement using audio visual means as SC has also said in Shafi Mohammad case, but there is a lack of infrastructure to ensure the integrity of electronic evidence.
3. Treatment of survivors at hospital and court:- During medical examination, survivors sometimes have to wait for hours outside the room and the room is clearly marked out as such. At court the judge is reluctant to hold an in camera hearing.
4. Issue of age determination: In POCSO act, there is no provision for age determination, and therefore police officer rely on date of birth recorded in school.
5. As per CrPCV, Time mandated to complete the investigation is two months, Focus is on completion of investigation within two months, rather than fair investigation.
6. Also crpc says if charge sheet is not filed within 90 days of the arrest of accused, the accused will be granted bail. now if chargesheet is filed within two months from the date of FIR, the accused may seek bail immediately after filling of chargesheet.
#Governance GS Paper 2
Context:- National education policy talks about integration of quality with equity. But exclusive focus on quality without keeping equity in mind will be troublesome. Why the article is saying so??
1.NEP emphasise on unitary University system rather than system of affiliation of colleges through different universities. The benefit will be same pool of teacher will teach the undergraduate student in all the college's which comes under universities.
But affiliating University offers low cost access to students from weaker sections. This Equity needs to be taken care of.
2. The second point is related to dual duration bachelor's and Bed degrees. Benefit is Student who discontinued their studies gets a certificate or diploma, so that they can complete their courses.
Problem is it may push the poor students to go for a bachelor's degree of 3 years duration rather than four because it would be cheaper for the
Why he was addressing the session:
Ans:- Article 176 of the constitution:- The Governor shall address the Legislative Assembly or, in the case of a State having a Legislative Council, both House assembled together and inform the Legislature of the causes of its summons.
Address under article 176 refers to policies and programs of the government which is discussed on the floor of the house after Governor address.
So, can Governor skip the paragraph?
Ans:- In this address, nothing is personal of the Governor, he can't even change the words which is given to him by the government because policies and programs is the prerogative of the government. And the government is responsible for the content of the speech not the Governor.
The supreme court in samsher singh case said, The constitution does not aim at providing a parallel administration within the state by allowing Governor to go against the advice of Council of Ministers.
What Governor is telling?
READ BELOW
Consider the following statements about "Classic Federation":-
1. Federal government enjoys only those powers that are by the agreement surrendered to it.
2. There must be an independent Supreme court as the arbiter of any dispute between union and states.
Choose the correct answer using code below:-
Who wrote the article "The Only way" and why?
A. Shubhash Chandra Bose when he formed jhansi regiment.
B. Mahatma Gandhi to have constituent assembly.
C. Pandit Nehru after the failure of cripps Mission.
D. Sardar Vallabhbhai during operation Polo.
#Governance GS Paper 2
Context: Definition of Health care.
#Governance GS Paper 2
Context: The article talks about solution to the issues in MGNREGA
The design of the MGNREGA has been forgotten which was the USP of the scheme.
Design:
1. Right based, demand driven scheme.
2. Based on idea of decentralisation.
3. Social audit
4. Use of technology.
1. The objective of the Act is to enhance livelihood security in rural areas by providing at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in a financial year to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work.
2. MGNREGA is to be implemented mainly by gram panchayats (GPs). The involvement of contractors is banned. Labour-intensive tasks like creating infrastructure for water harvesting, drought relief and flood control are preferred.
3. MGNREGA stands out in its worker-centric legislation and stated emphasis on transparency and accountability. Several potentially progressive measures such as a real-time management information system have been put in place.
#Governance GS Paper 2
Context:-Mental health issue
Suicide is the leading cause of death among those aged 15-29 in India. According to WHO, India's suicide rate is 13/100000 and also there is a rise of depression by 28% in just one year.
Focus should be on following pillars:-
1. Killing stigma around mental health issues:- Ex Deepika Padukone talked about her mental illness.
2. Making mental health an integral part of the public health.
3. Creating strong infrastructure.
4. Mental health services should be made affordable
There is no health withoute mental health.
/channel/IRANDIS_FOR_UPSC
For updates on international relations, you can refer to this channel. It is also managed by me only, but to avoid excessive load on this polity channel, I deal with international relations on above mentioned channel.
Consider the following statements with respect to “Overseas citizen of India”:
1. Any person who is a citizen of another country but eligible to become citizen of India at the time of commencement of the constitution.
2. Any person who is a citizen of any country but belonged to the territory that became part of India after 15th August 1947.
3. He is not eligible to enjoy equality in the matter of public employment.
Choose the Correct Code:
What kind of civil service do we need today?
Answer:
Skilled Bureaucracy: Digital Skills to be used for improved service delivery. There should be increased reliance on egovernance and mobile governance.
Converged Bureaucracy: Greater thrust should be accorded on cross departmental working, interdepartmental engagements, and lateral
communication among and within departments.
Open Bureaucracy : – Culture of openness needs to be adopted for new forms of partnership with private sector.
Connected Bureaucracy: There is a need for the Bureaucracy to be connected within and globally to imbibe the best practice. Need to be globally connected with the counterpart organizations and have horizontal networks across the world. Understanding global best practices will help our bureaucracy to develop world class acumen.
2. Which of the following can be considered as limitation of GOI Act 1935:
1.Entry into the Federation was compulsory for the provinces but voluntary for the Princely States.
2.British government had retained the power to alter the rights of the individual.
3.A Federal Railway authority was constituted to keep a check on the transportation of goods by Indian Industrialist.
4.The act is the reason for separation of Burma from India.
Choose the correct code:
a)1 and 2 is correct, while 3 and 4 is incorrect
b)1, 2 and 4 is correct while 3 is incorrect
c)1 is correct while 3 and 4 is incorrect
d)All are correct
q1. Social democracy stands for a balance between:
a)Individualism and conservatism
b)Socialism and communism
c)Individual rights and social welfare
d)Democracy and communism
#Polity GS PAPER 2
Context:- Recently UP-Sarpanch in Telangana committed suicide because he took loan to meet developmental targets. But why he had taken loan: Because state is not reimbursing the bill on time and they do'nt want to wait for the money from the State.
What is the issue of Funding?
#Governance GS Paper 2
Context: Evaluation of POCSO Act.
Features of the act:
ARTICLE 163(2) Says:- "If any question arises whether any matter is or is not a matter as respects (in respect of) which the Governor is by or under this Constitution (is) required to act in his discretion, the decision of the Governor in his discretion shall be final, and the validity of anything done by the Governor shall not be called in (to) question on the ground that he ought or ought not to have acted in his discretion."
But then, Constitution experts point out the 1966 Supreme Court judgement in Shamsher Singh vs State of Punjab in a case relating to the "personal satisfaction" of the Governor. The seven-judge bench had "unequivocally reiterated" the "settled legal position" that the President/Governor is only the constitutional head, with the real power being vested in the Council of Ministers, on whose aid and advice the President/Governor exercises his powers and functions.
It further ruled: "The satisfaction required by the Constitution is not the personal satisfaction of the President or Governor but the satisfaction of the President or Governor in the constitutional sense in the cabinet system of government, that is, the satisfaction of his Council of Ministers. In Constitutional Law, the 'functions' of the President and Governor and the 'business' of Government belong to the ministers, not to the Head of State
#Polity GS Paper 2
Context: TN Governor skipped the important paragraph while addressing the session.
Statement 1:- The word should if replaced with must , it would be wrong.
Statement 2:- you cannot enjoy right of there is no law, because it will create chaos.
Statement 3:- You will always enjoy rights no matter of you are taking other' rights. Yes if you are infringing the rights of others, law will take its own recourse.
For the last few days , there is no any significant news, so solve the MCQ:-
Which of the following are most appropriate explanations for people claiming "Rights":
1. Rights should be recognized by the Society
2. Rights must be sanctioned by theLaw
3. Rights Comes with the obligation to respect Other Rights.
I know you people are solving the MCQ of renowned institutions, so take the questions here as a challenge 😊
Also I am coming with 500 MCQ on 28 th February consisting of 400 polity and 100 questions on governance.