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Regarding the office of the Lok Sabha speaker, consider the following statements:
1. He/She holds the office during the pleasure of the President.
2. He/She need not be a member of the House at the time of his/her election but has to become a member of the House within six months from the date of his/her election.
3. If he/she intends to resign, the letter of his/her resignation has to be addressed to the Deputy Speaker.
World Bank released a Report: Collapse and Recovery: How COVID-19 Eroded Human Capital and What to Do”
What is Human Capital?
Answer: Human capital consists of the knowledge, skills, and health that people invest in and accumulate throughout their lives, enabling them to realize their potential as productive members of society.
Finding of Report (Used in case study)
▶️The cognitive deficit in today’s toddlers could translate into a 25% decline in earnings at their prime working age.
▶️Today’s students in low- and middle-income countries could lose up to 10% of their future average annual earnings due to the COVID-related education shocks.
Consider the following statements with respect to the Article 13:
1. Delegated legislation comes under the meaning of Article 13
2. A constitutional amendment is not to be recognized as a law and thus can’t be challenged under article 13.
3. Custom having a force of law can be challenged under article 13
CM Soren Found violative of section 9(A) of RPA 1951. As he has awarded mining lease to himself which is a misuse of office and breach of people's trust.
What is this section:-
Disqualification for Government contracts, etc.—A person shall be disqualified if, and for so long as, there subsists a contract entered into by him in the course of his trade or business with the appropriate Government for the supply of goods to, or for the execution of any works undertaken by, that Government.
How this matter is related to Office of Profit?
Answer: Soren seek a mining lease from the department he was in charge, that's why disqualification sought under article 191 (1).
Context: The expunction of portions of the speeches made by some Opposition politicians in Parliament recently is an issue that has sparked off a debate on n action taken by the Speaker and the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
Article 105 of the Constitution confers on members, freedom of speech in the House and immunity from interference by the court for anything said in the House. Thus, freedom of speech in the House is the important privilege of a MP which is subject to the other provisions of the Constitution relating to the running of the House and the House Rules. Rule 380 of the Rules of procedure of the LS and Rule 261 of the Rules of the RS give the power to the presiding officers of the Houses to expunge words used in the debate which are defamatory, unparliamentary, . Once expunged they do not remain on record and if anyone publishes them thereafter, they will be liable for breach of privilege of the House.
Answer of all these 5 question will be discussed in night
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Disinfection technology used in Railway coaches at the time of pandemic has been developed by:
a) Central Scientific Instruments Organization.
b) Science and Engineering Research Board.
c) Centre for health research and development.
d) National research and development corporation.
Consider the following statements with respect to Sustainable Alternative Towards Affordable Transportation:
1. It is to promote the production of Compressed Natural Gas and Oil pipeline.
2. The scheme is administered by Niti Aayog.
Choose the correct answer using code below:
What was the case all about?
Ans:-
Petitioner said Quran does not permit excommunication, and that it goes against the spirit of Islam. They submitted that the right to regulate religious communities does not include the right to excommunicate.
However another party said that the practice of excommunicate was essential to the Dawoodi Bohra faith. Actually the another party was of the view that power of excommunication was part of the management of community affairs in matters of religion, and depriving the Dai (leader) of the right and making its exercise a penal offence “struck at the very life of the denomination
SC in Sardar Syedna Saifuddin v. State of Bombay said: Dai’s (Leader) position is an essential part of the community and the power to excommunicate is to enforce discipline and preserve the denomination, not to punish.
How this matter resurfaced again?
Answer: The Maharashtra Protection of People from Social Boycott (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2016, was passed. The Act describes a social boycott as “inhuman”, and defines 16 types of social boycott — including preventing members of a community from having access to facilities including community halls, burial grounds, etc.
In October 2022, the court said that it would consider whether the practice of excommunication that was protected by the 1962 order can continue.
So, now the court will see the issue mainly on two grounds:
1. Balancing the rights under Article 26(b) — right of religious denominations to manage their own affairs in matters of religion
2. Whether the practice can be protected under Article 26(b) when tested on the touchstone of constitutional morality.
1Consider the following statements on equality:
1.The quest for equality does not imply de facto equality.
2.Men and women may not be born alike. But equality demands that they ought to be treated equally.
3.We seek equality because we think it is just.
4.Egalitarian principles have been drawn on the principle that men and women are identical.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
#Governance GS Paper 2
Context:- Concept of Open Prison
What is this?
Open Prisons have emerged as a correctional system for reformation of prisoners by providing them with recreational facilities, family-visits, remissions, wage-labour which instils them with self-confidence and helps them to re-socialise with community after their release.
#Polity GS Paper 2
Context: Euthanasia and concept of Living will
Active euthanasia: involves an active intervention to end a person’s life with substances or external force, such as administering a lethal injection.
Passive or negative or non-aggressive euthanasia is the denial of medical care necessary for maintaining life, such as the denial of antibiotics when the patient is likely to die without them.
1. Aruna Shanbaug case (2011): The SC allowed passive euthanasia.
2. Common Cause case (2018): The SC decided that passive euthanasia will be legally allowed henceforth in India and also laid down guidelines for living wills
LIVING WILL:It is a legal document which allows you to express your wishes to doctors in case you become incapacitated. In a living will, you can outline whether or not you want your life to be artificially prolonged in the event of a devastating illness or injury.
Contesting from Two Seats
ECI recommended amending Section 33(7) so as to allow one candidate to contest from only one seat.
Right now, A candidate can contest election from Two seats as written in section 33 of RPA 1951.
This provision of RPA has been challenged on the ground citing that it is unreasonable for creating extra burden on the public exchequer as by-elections will invariably follow because candidates have to give up one seat in case, they win on both the seats.
SC on Section 33 (7)
👉Rejected a petition to bar candidates from contesting from more than one constituency in the general or assembly elections, calling it a matter of “parliamentary sovereignty” and “political democracy”.
👉It is parliament’s will that determines whether political democracy is furthered by granting such a choice.
👉It highlighted that parliament did amend the law in 1996 to restrict the number of constituencies to two whereas earlier, a candidate could contest from any number of seats. The parliament has already intervened in the past. The parliament can certainly step in again
Custodial deaths are events of the demise of persons who are detained by police during pretrial or after conviction. Custodial deaths can be broadly classified into three types –
👉Death in police custody;
👉Death in judicial custody; and
👉Death in custody of army or paramilitary force.
Why there is rising custodial death?
Ans:- Every year 100 custodial death between 2010-2021 as per NCRB.
1. To extract a confession.
2. Burden on police of maintaining law and order and investigation both.
What are the guidelines in this regard?
Ans:-
1. To reduce the number of arrest:-
The SC in Arnesh kr vs state of Bihar held that , Arrest is not mandatory even if the offence is non bailable relating to the torture for dowry.
2. The SC in Special action forum vs UOI in 2018 said, police officer shall furnish to the magistrate the reasons and materials which necessitated the arrest for further detention of the accused.
3. Dk basu guidelines:- SC laid down guidelines that one can Inform to the friends , family about arrest and permit the accused to talk to the lawyer.
What is to be done?
Ans:-
1. Separate law and investigation as per directives in Prakash Singh case
2. Increase the number of civil force.
3. More CCTV camera to be installed to cover large area ( Paramvir Singh vs Baljit Singh case)
Conclusion:- Police modernization with necessary reforms is required, where state need to play an active role as law and order is state subject. The police officer must know that their mandate is to protect human rights and not violate them.
Which of the following violates Right to Freedom under Article 19:
1. Indian citizens need permission to enter in ILP area.
2 .No one is allowed to but property in Andaman.
3. Banning the book that can cause enmity amongst people.
#Governance GS Paper 2
Context: Use it as a case study to show why welfare schemes fails.
PVTG gets 35 kg of food grains under PDS, but when Aadhar based biometric authentication was mandatory it resulted into 12 % of households lost their access to PDS because of lack of digital infrastructure.
Jharkhand government Adim jan jati pension scheme has created a new hassle as new pension system is facing the problem of e-KYC and Aadhar.
#Governance GS Paper 2
Context: Anti Microbial resistance
read below
Context: ECI has forwarded a sealed envelope to Jharkhand governor to disqualify Mr Soren for violation of article 191 (1) which says:-
A person shall be disqualified for being chosen as, and for being, a member of the Legislative Assembly or Legislative Council of a State
(a) if he holds any office of profit under the Government of India or the Government of any State specified in the First Schedule, other than an office declared by the Legislature of the State by law not to disqualify its holder.
BACKGROUND
Answer of Q1: D
Explanation:
•FAO, UNEP, WHO and World Organization for Animal Health have together launched One Health joint plan of action to address health threats to humans, plants and the environment.
•One Health is an approach calling for “the collaborative efforts of multiple disciplines working locally, nationally, and globally, to attain optimal health for people, animals and our environment”, as defined by the One Health Initiative Task Force
Answer of question 2: D
•Under the Sustainable Alternative Towards Affordable Transportation (SATAT), Government of India is promoting the production of Compressed Bio Gas (CBG) as an alternative green transport fuel wherein Oil and Gas Marketing Companies (OGMCs) are procuring the produced CBG.
•The scheme is administered under Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas.
Answer of question 3: C
•India is the third largest player globally in Pharmaceuticals in terms of volume and is the largest supplier of low-cost generics and vaccines to the world.
Answer of question 4: A
Answer of question 5: D
Juvenile Justice Board:
1. This is a judiciary body before which children detained or accused of a crime are brought.
2. This acts as a separate court for juveniles since they are not to be taken to a regular criminal court.
3. The Board comprises of a judicial magistrate of the first class and two social workers, one of whom at least should be a woman.
Child Welfare Committee:
1. The State Governments set up these committees in districts in accordance with the provisions of the Act.
2. The Committees have the power to dispose of cases for the care, protection, treatment, development and rehabilitation of the children in need of care and protection, as well as to provide for their basic needs and protection
The JJ Act in Section 40 provides
for the rehabilitation and social reintegration
of a child in need of care and protection by
means of i) adoption (ii) foster care (iii)
sponsorship (iv) sending the child to an
after-care organisation.
Consider the following statements with respect to Justice Juvenile act:
1. Child welfare committee is constituted in every district.
2. The Juvenile Justice Board consists of judicial magistrate of the first class and two social workers, at least one of whom should be a woman.
3. The act had introduced foster care in India.
Choose the correct answer using code below:
Consider the following statements:
1. India is second largest producer of Vaccines.
2. India is third largest producer of pharmaceuticals by volume.
3. India is largest producer of Generic drugs.
Choose the correct answer using code below:
One Health joint plan is a combined effort of:
a)FAO and UNEP Only
b)FAO, UNEP and WHO Only
c)FAO and WHO Only
d)None of these pair is correct.
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#Polity GS Paper 2
Context: We will see the issue of excommunication and relation with article 26.
But what is excommunication?
Answer:
Bombay Prevention of excommunication act defined Excommunication as the “expulsion of a person from any community of which he is a member, depriving him of rights and privileges which are legally enforceable by a suit of civil nature”.
In practical terms, excommunication means not being allowed to access a mosque belonging to the community or a burial dedicated to the community.
A member of the Dawoodi Bohra community filed a suit in 1949, saying the Act rendered certain orders passed by their leader unlawful.
The 51st leader of the community, Sardar Syedna Taher Saifuddin Saheb, challenged the constitutional validity of the Act, stating it violated fundamental rights guaranteed by the Constitution under Articles 25 (Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion) and 26 (Freedom to manage religious affairs).
Statistics:
1. In India open prison was established in 1953 in UP where housed prisoners were requisition to construct a dam over the river Chandraprabha in Varanasi
2. Only 17 states have reported about the functioning of open jails in India. There are currently 69 open jails. The highest numbers are in Rajasthan with 29 jails and Maharashtra with 13 jails.
3. In Rajasthan more than 2,000 prisoners of 29 jails work as accountants, school teachers, guards and domestic help. These are the same people who serve their sentence for offences like murder, theft and trespassing.
Advantages
1. Reduces overcrowding in jails: As both the hefty as well as petty offenders are living under the same roof this causes overcrowding. Thus, separating both has reduced the crowd.
2. Allowed to find employment: the prisoners in open jail settings are allowed to find employment in and out of the prison this results boost in their confidence and give them earnings.
3. Operational cost is reduced: As they are in open prisons they do not required a lot of security and people to watch over them.
4. Self-development and socialization: they are allowed to socialized with the outside world and can contact their family so they still be a part of the society and don’t become a sociopath.
Guidelines after Common cause case
1. The requirement for the Magistrate’s approval has been replaced by an intimation to the Magistrate.
2.The medical board must communicate its decision within 48 hours (no time limit earlier).
3.Now a notary or gazetted officer can sign the living will in the presence of two witnesses instead of the Magistrate’s countersign.
4. In case the medical boards set up by the hospital refuses permission, it will now be open to the kin to approach the High Court which will form a fresh medical team.
#Polity GS Paper 2
Context: Ethnic Democracy/ The article is of no use for us, just understand the meaning of Ethnic Democracy:
It is a political system that combines a structured ethnic dominance with democratic, political and civil rights for all.
Conditions that led to Ethnic Democracy:
👉The core ethnic nation constitutes a solid numerical majority.
👉The non-core population constitutes a significant minority.
👉The core ethnic nation has a commitment to democracy.
👉The core ethnic nation is an indigenous group.
👉The non-core groups are immigrant.
👉The non-core group is divided into more than one ethnic group.
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