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#Polity GS Paper 2
Context:
The Tamil Nadu Assembly adopted a resolution, urging the Centre to amend the Constitution to extend statutory protection, rights, and concessions, including reservation, to Scheduled Caste members who have converted to Christianity.
CM Stalin said: “While humans have the right to follow the religion of their choice, they cannot do it in the case of caste. Caste is not just about the identity of two different persons. On the other hand, it treats one as higher and the other as lower. It is not horizontal, but vertical. The philosophy of social justice is to use the same casteism, a tool of oppression, to provide reservation and uplift the victims of oppression. It is the objective of the ‘Dravidian Model Government’ to follow in all aspects.
According to the Constitution, those who have converted to any religion, other than Sikhism and Buddhism, cannot claim the Scheduled Caste status. When they remain as the Scheduled Castes historically, it is but fair to extend them the benefits.
2007 Rangnath Misra committee suggested that reservations benefits be extended to Dalits who accepted Christianity and Islam.
This Government has constituted Justice K G Balakrishnan Commission to look into the plea of Dalits christians and Muslim to be included in reservation quotas.
#Polity GS Paper 2
Context: The government has introduced a new guidelines in IT Rules which says:
1. Meity will create Fact check unit which will indentify false or misleading online content relating to the "any business" of central government.
Consequence:
Consider the following statements:
1. Atal Space Challenges was conducted by Niti Aayog in collaboration with ISRO and Ministry of Earth science.
2. World Space Week is coordinated by the United Nations with the support of the World Space Week Association.
Choose the correct answer using code below:
Unified District Information System for Education Plus has released the report on school education, in this context, which of the following is correct:
1. It was developed by Department of School Education & Literacy in the year 2018-19.
2. Total students enrolled in school has decreased marginally in 2021 compared to 2019.
3. The Pupil Teacher Ratio has improved in 2021 compared to 2019.
Choose the correct answer using code below
FEATURES:
1. Restoring limits on tenures of office bearers: As per rule, no office bearer can stay in a position for over 12 years.
2. Annual Recognition of National Sports Federations: The organisations that follow the National Sports Code and whose Constitutions abide by the guidelines enjoy various facilities/ concessions provided by the Government of India. Failure to do so leads to losing the right to select national teams and represent India in any international event.
3. Setting roles and responsibilities for agencies: The National Sport Federations are fully responsible and accountable for the overall management, direction, control, regulation, promotion, development and sponsorship of the discipline for which they are recognized by the concerned International Federation. Lastly, Sports Authority of India provides the necessary support to NSFs for the identification, training and coaching of sportspersons, including the provision of infrastructure and more.
4. Long Term Development Plans (LTDP): Sports Code clarifies that in order to receive assistance from the government, NSFs must submit LTDPs.
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Consider the following statements with respect to India Urban Data Exchange:
1. It is a transformative initiative of the Ministry of Electronics and Communication, Government of India to provide a data exchange platform to Indian cities.
2. Secretary, Ministry of Housing and Urban affairs is the head of India Urban Data Exchange.
Choose the correct code:
Consider the following statements with respect to Deendayal Antodaya Yojana National Urban Livelihood Mission:
1. Its beneficiaries are Street vendors, unemployed and differently abled in urban areas.
2. It provides subsidy to urban poor for setting up individual microenterprises.
3. It has been conferred award for its Portal for affordable credit and interest subvention access in 2021.
Choose the correct answer using code below:
Consider the following statements with respect to Representative of People act 1951:
1. The Court can give Punishment or impose fine in case of violation of the act.
2. A person convicted of adulteration of food or drugs adulteration shall be disqualified from the date of such conviction and shall continue to be disqualified for a further period of six years since his release.
Choose the correct code:
#Polity GS Paper 2
Context: Transparency in Collegium
As we all know that there are several allegations on collegium system, Former CJI U U Lalit, has started Grading of judgements delivered by the the judicial officers. The best of the judgment is given the grade of outstanding and their aithors are recommneded for judgeship in constitutional courts.
#Polity GS Paper 2
Context: Election commission using its power under The Election Symbols (Reservation And Allotment) Order, 1968 withdrew the National Party Status of Trinamool congress (TMC), Nationalist congress party (NCP) and Communist party of India (CPI) and granted the status of national party to the Aam Admi Party (APP).
At Present there are 6 National Parties:- BSP, BJP,CPI-M, INC, National People party and AAP.
Recognition for National Party:
1. Parties have secured not less than six percent of the total valid votes polled in each of those States at that general election; and, in addition, it has returned at least four members to the House of the People at the aforesaid last general election from any State or States.
2. The party has won at least two percent of the total number of seats in the House of the People, and the party’s candidates have been elected to that House from not less than three States.
OR
3. The party is recognized as State party in at least four States.
Parliamentary Committee:- Drawing its authority from Article 105 and Article 118
Parliament scrutinizes legislative proposals (Bills) in two ways:-
1. The first way is by discussing it on the floor of the two Houses. This is a legislative
requirement; all Bills have to be taken up for debate.
2. The second way is by referring a Bill to a Parliamentary Committee.
Purpose of Parliamentary Committees:-
▶️Since Parliament meets only for 70 to 80 days in a year, there is not enough time to discuss every Bill in detail on the floor of the House. Plus debate in the house is mostly political and does not go into the technical details of a legislative proposal.
▶️Therefore, it takes care of the legislative infirmity of debate on the floor of the House. However, referring Bills to parliamentary committees is not mandatory.
Significance:
✍️Acting as Mini Parliament:-
Instruments of Detailed scrutiny:- Ex:- Committee on Health and Family welfare studies surrogacy
Regulation Bill.
✍️Strengthening the Laws:- Consumer Protection act has been amended in 2019 after the Committee
signaled for change.
✍️Inter-Ministerial Coordination:- Closed door meeting where members are not bound by Populist Demands.
Members are not bound by whips.
Issues:-
1. Decline in matters referred to PSC:- According to data by PRS Legislative Research, while 60% of the Bills in the 14th Lok Sabha and 71% in the 15th Lok Sabha were referred to DRSCs concerned, this proportion came down to 27% in the 16th Lok Sabha.
2. Neglected in some important matters like Farm Bill, Article 370 revocation, Labour laws.
Suggestion:-
1. NCRWC:- Replace the committee that has outlived its utility and new committee on economy, employment should come now.
2. Amend the Rule of Business so that all major bills must be referred to the Departmentally Related
Thus we can say, the Parliamentary Committee supports the three pillars of Democracy:- Representativeness, Accountability and Responsiveness.
#Polity GS Paper 2
Context: India can emerge as International arbitration hub if focuses on online dispute resolution .
Already India has made a key amendment in Arbitration and conciliation act in 2015 and 2019 and sets a right path, but now need is to focus on Online dispute resolution.
ONLINE DISPUTE RESOLUTION:
ODR is the process of resolution of disputes, particularly small- and medium-value cases, using digital technology and techniques of ADR, such as arbitration, conciliation, and mediation.
Benefits of ODR:
1. COST EFFECTIVE
2. CONVENIENT AND QUICK
3. ALLOW FOR CUSTOMISABLE PROCESS.
4. LIMITS BIASNESS BY HUMAN JUDGMENT.
Challenges in adoption of ODR:
1. Structural challenges:
a. Digital Infra
b.Digital Literacy
2. Behavioural challenges:
a. Lack of awareness
b. Lack of Trust
c. Legal culture
3. Operational challenges
a. Privacy
b. Archaic legal process
1. Intermediaries will losse the safe harbour protection under section 79 .
[Under Section 79 of the IT Act, ISPs and other intermediaries are not held responsible for any third-party content that they host or transmit on behalf of others, as long as they comply with certain conditions. These conditions include:
1. They must not initiate the transmission of the content
2. They must not select or modify the content
3. They must observe due diligence in the operation of their services
4. They must remove or disable access to the content upon receiving actual knowledge or notification of the content’s illegality]
2. SC in Shreya singhal case has struck doen section 66 of IT act and held taht any law that limits the speech can neither be vague nor overbroad. These IT Guidelines defy both.
a. Guidleines notification fails to define fake news.
b. The use of word "Any Business" in guidelines is overbroad.
3. Under article 19 (2), there is no any restriction on the speech on the basis of fake news and misinformation.
Consider the following statements about Chairperson in local bodies:
1. Chairperson at intermediate and district level need not necessarily be amongst from the members of local bodies.
2. The Samiti is elected for five years and is led by a chairman and deputy chairman who are elected by the Panchayat Samiti members.
Choose the correct answer using code below:
The Central Sector scheme “SMILE: Support for Marginalised Individuals for Livelihood and Enterprise” is related to:
a) Transgender
b) Manual scavenger
c) Street vendor
d) Migrant Labor
Which one among the following statement(s) is not correct? The word ‘socialist’ in the Preamble of the Constitution of India read with:
a) Article 39 (d) would enable the court to uphold the constitutionality of nationalization laws.
b) Article 14 would enable the court to strike down a-statute which failed to fully achieve the socialist goal.
c) Article 25 would enable the court to ensure freedom guaranteed under that Article.
d) Article 23 would enable the court to reduce inequality of income and status.
#Governance GS Paper 2
Context: Brij Bhushan singh accused of sexual harrasment cannt contest election now in any sports federation.
National Sports Code
The sole aim of the National Sports Code is to develop a culture of transparency and accountability in the functioning of national sports federations. Delhi HC has said: Any governing body that does not fall in line with the rules outlined in the code shall not receive any government grants.
Consider the following statements:
1. Rastriya Mahila kosh provides loans to NGO-MFIs termed as Intermediary Organizations (IMO) which on-lend to Self Help Groups (SHGs) of women.
2. Mission shakti deals with gender sensitization.
3. Mission Vatsalya deals with elderly welfare services.
Choose the correct answer using code below:
If a person's Right to Vote is infringed, what remedy does she/he have:
a) Move the Supreme Court citing violation of Fundamental Rights
b) File a non-judicial petition with the Election Commission of India
c) File a case against the Chief Electoral Officer of the state.
d) Move the High Court for infringement of a Constitutional Right.
National Credit Framework:
UGC has announced the implementation of the National Credit Framework (NCrF) for all regulatory organisations and universities in India.
☑️This framework is designed to integrate the credits earned through school education, higher education, vocational, and skill education, and provide lifelong learning opportunities. The framework will offer students the flexibility to leave school and enroll in vocational learning.
☑️The total 'Notional Learning hours in a year' for assignment of Credits will be 1200 hours. A minimum of 40 credits may be earned for 1200 hours of learning every year with 20 credits per semester of six months.
☑️The National Credit Framework has divided education into eight levels from Class 5 to Ph.D. level and the credits will be assigned based on learning hours wherein School education comes under Levels 0 to 4, Higher education starts from levels 4.5 to 8 and vocational training also falls under levels 4.5 to 8.
☑️The total credits earned by a student during the entire schooling period will be 160 credits.
☑️By the end of a three-year bachelor's degree course, the student will have earned 120 credits.
☑️When a student completes a Ph.D., the earned credits would be 320.
☑️Students will also get credits for participating in Olympiads, science quizzes, internships, and taking up jobs while they are studying in college.
What happens in case candidate files false information while contesting election?
Answer:
1. If details are omitted in the nomination papers, it is fit to be rejected.
2. If information is believed to be false, prosecution under Section 125A is possible, however the consequences upon conviction are unclear.
While the Bombay High Court in Arun Dattaray Sawant maintains that filing of false affidavit is a ground for setting aside the election, other High Courts have taken a contrary view. The filing of false affidavits can therefore at most lead to six months imprisonment and fine, without altering the election verdict or the candidate's ability to contest future elections.
Which one of the following statement is correct regarding UN Democracy Fund:
1. It was established in 2005 by UNSC.
2. The majority of the fund goes to Civil society organisation.
3. US is the highest donor and Germany is the loswest donor to this fund.
#Polity GS Paper 2
Context: This information is not that much significant for exam, better to read this👇👇