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This channel explains daily editorial covering indian express, Hindustan Times, Livemint and Hindu. You can reach to me for any query at @saurabhGSPaper2
PM SVANIDHI SCHEME:
It is a Central Sector Scheme i.e., fully funded by Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs with the following objectives:
1. To facilitate working capital loan
2. To incentivize regular repayment
3. To reward digital transactions
▶️Microfinance Institutions, Non-Banking Financial Company, Self Help Groups have been allowed to become Lending agencies.
▶️The Scheme is available for beneficiaries belonging to only those States/UTs which have notified Rules and Scheme under Street Vendors (Protection of Livelihood and Regulation of Street Vending) Act, 2014.
#Polity GS Paper 2
Context: Appointment of Vice chancellor
In the state universities, the Governor of the state is the ex-officio chancellor of the universities in that state.
While as Governor he functions with the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers, as Chancellor he acts independently of the Council of Ministers and takes his own decisions on all University matters.
According to the University Grants Commission (UGC) Regulations, 2018, the VC of a university, in general, is appointed by the Visitor/Chancellor, from a panel of three to five names recommended by the duly constituted Search cum Selection Committee.
Where there is a conflict between the State University Act and the UGC Regulations, 2018 to the extent State legislation is repugnant, the UGC Regulations, 2018 shall prevail.
1. The executive needs majority in parliament to bring their agenda and thus intra pary dissent becomes important in such scenerio.
But in India after Anti defection law, there is no space for dissent. And the purpose for which it has been introduced to check horse trading and crossing the floor has also not been echieved.
2. Sometines in true parliamentary democracy, members of ruling party join the opposition to defeat unpopular bills like in UK Brexit time.
But in India, position of Opposition leader has always been in question since independence. There was a lack of clarity on the definition of Leader of Opposition till 2016-2017.
3. In Parliamentary Democracy, interest of Parliament against the executive are represented by Speaker But in India, Speaker does not resign after getting elected to the house and it has following effects:
a. Allegation on speaker that he uphold the interest of ruling party like terming finance bill as Money bill, suspension of the member etc .
4. True Parliamentary democracy represents real role of Second house (Rajya sabha) rather than bypassing it by passing ordinance like in India.
I am sharing 'ANSWER KEY POLITY UPSC 2023 BY SAURABH KUMAR' with you
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Who among the following take the oath of Defending the constitution and law:-
A. President
B. Chief justice of India
C. Attorney General of India
D. Judges of both supreme court and High court
The Paris Principles (‘Principles Relating to the Status of National Human Rights Institutions’) set out the minimum standards that NHRIs must meet in order to be considered credible and to operate effectively.
The key pillars of the Paris Principles are pluralism, independence and effectiveness.
1. Narco-analysis, brain mapping, and polygraph (lie detector) test against the will or consent of the accused would be an infringement of Article 20 (3) of the Indian Constitution.
2. Article 20(3) deals with the right against self-incrimination or the right to remain silent (a common law criminal jurisprudence). This constitutional right states that “no person accused of any offence shall be compelled to be a witness against himself”.
3. Therefore, subjecting an accused to undergo the polygraph or narcoanalysis test is considered a blatant violation of Art. 20 (3), as the accused is testifying against himself. So, obtaining consent from the accused before conducting such tests is necessary.
Is the polygraph, narcoanalysis or brain-mapping admissible?
Answer: In the landmark case of ‘Selvi & Ors vs State of Karnataka & Anr’ (2010), several questions regarding the legality or validity of the polygraph test were answered.
It was held in this case that usually, it is not admissible in a court of law. Narco analysis test, polygraph test & brain mapping cannot be considered a confession, but any information subsequently discovered with the help of such a consented test taken by the accused can be admitted as corroborative evidence.
For example: if an accused reveals the place of a murder weapon in the course of the polygraph test, and police later find the weapon at that place, then the statement of the accused will not be evidence, but the weapon will be evidence.
Which of the following statements is correct:-
1. The provision of financial emergency is based on the National Recovery act of UK.
2. President rule can be imposed when party in majority fails to elect Chief minister
Already, Ministry of Statistics, Program implementation has published National Indicator Framework which represents India's Unique developmental journey. Alongwith this, Niti Ayog has presented India's second Voluntary local review (VLR) in 2020, highlighting that 23 states & UT in India have prepared Vision document based on SDG.
But more recently this , This VLR has been released at City level also. It demonstrates how the local actions are leading the way in equitable and sustainable transformation for people and building a coalition of partners towards this endeavour.
THE BHOPAL PLAN:
Bhopal has released VLR and this VLR is the result of collaboration between UN Habitat and Bhopal Municipal Corporation.
1. This city has build basic infrastructure.
2. Steller performance in Solid waste management.
3. Provision of open space , public transportation in Bhopal.
#Polity GS Paper 2
Context: Role of Opposition in Democracy:
1. Constructive criticism
2. Check the excess of Government
3. Public welfare
4. Uphold Government Accountability.
5. Safeguarding Liberty
6. Opposition provides checks and balances on the executives in the functioning of a vibrant democracy. For example, the participation of members of the opposition in various parliamentary committees.
ISSUE OF OPPOSITION IN INDIA:
1. Fragmented
2. Divided on the basis of vote bank.
3. Being perceived as being too negative or critical of the government
UNDERSTANDING MANIPUR VIOLENCE
Manipur is inhabited by Meities dominating Plain area and Kukis +Chin(From Myanmar who have ethnic link with Kukis) + Nagas dominating Hills areas.
The problem is Meities dont have ST Status but tribals living in Hills areas have, so Meities are deamnding for ST Status for last 50 years. They are demanding so, which would grant them access to a range of advantages including health, education, and employment in the government.
However the reality is the Meteis hold the majority of posts in the state administration and have benefited from greater economic and infrastructure development. That frustates Nagas and Kukis.
So, when The Manipur High Court’s asked to the state government to submit an ST tag for the community to the Union Tribal Affairs Ministry, it becomes the immediate cause of violence.
The second concern surrounding the tension is : Unlike the Meiteis who cannot buy lands in the hills, the tribals are allowed to buy and possess landed properties in the valley. Meities have the fear that creation of Greater Nagalim would lead to shrinking of Manipur’s geographical area and also Meities are discriminated as other tribal grou[s can buy land in hills.
The third concerns surrounding the tension is: In 2020, as the Centre began the first delimitation process in the state since 1973, the Meitei community alleged that the Census figures used in the exercise did not accurately reflect the population break-up.
Tribal groups (Kuki and Nagas) on the other hand said they had grown to 40% of the state’s population and were underrepresented in the Assembly.
Thus it is rightly said The State is like a football stadium with the Imphal Valley representing the playfield at the centre and the surrounding hills the galleries. The valley, which comprises about 10% of Manipur’s landmass, is dominated by the non-tribal Meitei who account for more than 64% of the population of the State and yields 40 of the State’s 60 MLAs.
The hills comprising 90% of the geographical area are inhabited by more than 35% recognised tribes but send only 20 MLAs to the Assembly.
#GOVERNANCE GS Paper 2
Context: Palliative care
Palliative care is an approach to improve the quality of life of patients and families confronting life threatening illness such as Cancer, heart disease, pulmonary disease.
Kerala Palliative care Model :
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#Polity GS Paper 2
Context: Who has the power over services and in appointment of Officers for these services? There has been a tussle between Delhi govt and Lt Governor over this issue.
Rankers Batch QIP Mains 2023 .pdf
Those who cleared prelims can join Ranker batch of Raus ias
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if u want to read more, open the above link
#Polity GS Paper 2
Context: Sedition law should not be scarpped, but should be provided with some procedural safeguards befre filing FIR in case of sedition (section 124-A).
NOT REPEAL:
1. "Threats exist to India’s internal security. Freedom of citizens can be ensured only when the security of the State is ensured."
2. It said that sedition was a reasonable restriction against Article 19(2) that permits the government to impose reasonable restrictions upon the freedom of speech and expression “in the interests of public order”.
3. The law commission also said that the law on sedition cannot be repealed just because it is a colonial-era law. "By that virtue, the entire framework of the Indian legal system is a colonial legacy."
Recommendation is: A provision like Section 196(3) of the CrPC may be incorporated as a proviso to Section 154 of CrPC, which would provide the requisite procedural safeguard before filing of an FIR with respect to an offence under Section 124A of IPC."
#Polity GS Paper 2
Context: Executive is dominant in our parliament, so better to say India is Executive Democracy not a Parliamentary Democracy.
A true parliamentary democracy and Whats happening in India:
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Hello all ongoing batches especially M-17 and M-18
You can see all the questions have been discussed line by line in examination. Yesterday I discussed about president and value of vote of MLA of UP, MP and all..
Direct questions from the class. Tomorrow I will discuss these questions
Which of the following statements is correct:-
1. None other than Dr Rajendra Prasad has occupied the office of president twice.
2. No president other than KR Narayanan has to pass the test of impeachment.
3. Chief justice Hidayatullah worked as President exactly after the death of Dr Zakir Hussain.
#Polity GS Paper 2
Context: Global alliance of Human Right association has questioned the NHRC because of:
1. Lack of independence ie Political interference in appointment.
2. Lack of diversity, pluralism
3. Human right violation by Police.
4. Lack of diversity in staff and leadership.
What is GANHRI?
Answer: At an international workshop held in Tunis, Tunisia on 13 December 1993, a group of NHRIs set the foundation for the global network of national human rights institutions, known today as the Global Alliance of National Human Rights Institutions.
#Polity GS Paper 2
Context: Polygraph and Narco test, we will see if from the perspective of Article 20 (3).
Polygraph Test: When a polygraph test is conducted on a person, four to six sensors are attached to him. In the polygraph machine, multiple ("poly") signals from the sensors are recorded on a single strip of moving paper ("graph"). These sensors generally record:
1. Person's breathing rate
2. Person's pulse
3. Person's blood pressure
4. Person's perspiration (sweat)
5. Sometimes, arm or leg movements are also recorded.
In Narcoanalysis test, which is different from the polygraph test, involves the injection or administration of a drug (such as sodium pentothal, scopolamine and sodium amytal), i.e., truth serum, which causes the subject to enter into various stages of anaesthesia.
Article 20 (3) and these Test👇👇
#Polity GS Paper 2
Context: Right to assembly regulated by Government order of Andhra pradesh and HC intervention emphasised on SC Guidelines relating to Assembly.
Andhra Pradesh GO:
1. Assembly of people is leading to loss of lives because of stampede, thus needs regulation.
2. Roads are made for smooth movement and sttae can impose reasonable restrictions to ensure that they are not hindered by public meeting.
3. It is the duty of police to keep order on public roads, public streets etc.
HC OF ANDHRA:
1. Officer who thinks assembly can breach peace, can prescribe condition for meeting and ask for license.
2. Government can't use the a single incident happening on the road as the measure to regulate assembly, rather find the solution of such incident.
4. Follow SC guidelines in Mazdoor kishan shakti sangathan VS UOI.
A. Regulate the numbers of participants in demonstrations.
B. Restriction on certain route can be think of.
#Polity GS Paper 2
Context: Localisation of SDG.
We al know about SDG and its Goal, but the important thing now is its implementation status at Local level.
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https://www.youtube.com/live/e6UJk-y7DlA?feature=share
Those who are confused what to take as their optional subject, and have any doubt about anthropology,just join the session and enlightened with the thoughts of Mangal sir.
The Andhra Pradesh Government has proposed for three different capitals for legislative, Executive and Judicial functions. This is inspired by the South African Model but it is different from “Distributed Development” Concept.
What is the Distributed Development Concept?
Ans:- This model is based on decentralisation of executive power based on region specific economic activities. Example:- Separate Government offices for different sectors like Port, Industry, Shipping and Fisheries.
Desirability of having Three Capitals (Amaravati, Kurnool and Visakhapatnam):- It is also based on decentralisation, but different from Distributed Development Concept
1. Three capitals ensure equal development of different regions of the state.
2. In December 2010, the Justice B N Srikrishna Committee, set up to look into the demand for a Telangana state, said Rayalaseema and North Coastal Andhra were economically the most backward, and the “concentration of development efforts in Hyderabad is the key reason for demand of separate states”.
Challenges in the Concept:-
1. Location:- The distances in Andhra Pradesh are not inconsiderable. Executive capital Visakhapatnam is 700 km from judicial capital Kurnool, and 400 km from legislative capital Amaravati.
2. All officers and Ministerial staff who may have to be at hand to brief Ministers when the Assembly is in session, will probably have to stay put in Amaravati, leaving behind their other responsibilities in Visakhapatnam.
1. More than 400 palliative cre centres across kerala.
2. Volunteers from diverse social groups are asset of this model for assisting such patients. It is based on teh idea that when doctors know symptoms, volunteers need suffering.
Kerala declared Palliative Care Policy in 2008 , depends on following Pillars:
1. Right based approach: Palliative Care would be treated as a right of every person who is in need of such care.
2. Universality: No one who requires palliative care would be left behind. The Antyodaya approach would be followed to ensure the poorest and weakest person is reached first.
3. Integration: Palliative Care would be mainstreamed in all disciplines of medicine. It will be fully integrated into the health care system and will not be seen as a standalone activity.
4. Multi sectoral Approach: to converge different services and
resources of palliative care involving the relevant departments especially Health and Family Welfare, AYUSH, Education, Local Self Government, Social Justice, Youth Affairs, Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe Development.
In 2019, when the Supreme Court considered various appeals, a two-judge bench gave a unanimous verdict in this matter but was split on the question of powers over services. On the Centre's request, the case was then referred to the Constitution Bench. The five-judge Constitution Bench tackled the question of who has administrative control over transfers and postings of bureaucrats in the capital.
1. The Lieutenant Governor, who represents the Centre in Delhi, is bound by the elected government's decision on services.
2. While the Lt Governor has powers, they do not mean administration over the entire Delhi government, "otherwise the purpose of having a separate elected body in Delhi will be rendered futile.
3. If an officer is not responding to the government, the collective responsibility is diluted. If an officer feels they are insulated from the elected government they feel they are not accountable.
4. Elected Delhi government has power over all administrative services except those pertaining to police, public order and land. Other than in these three areas, the bench said, the Lieutenant Governor is bound by decisions taken by the Delhi assembly.
Which of the following has been added by 44 th constitutional amendment act:-
1. President shall issue the proclamation of emergency only after decision of cabinet.
2. The proclamation of emergency requires special majority.
3. The proclamation of emergency needs to be approved by parliament after every 6 months.
4. President is obliged to revoke emergency when house passes a resolution by simple majority.
Choose the correct code:-