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EXPRESSING A WISH OR A REQUEST
Sometimes we use the Conditional Tense to express a wish or a request:
-Me gustaría tener una casa bonita.
I would like to have a nice house.
Podrias dar un ejemplo?
ACCENT MARKS
All superlatives have an accent mark on the ending.
If the original adjective already had an accent mark, it loses it in the superlative form.
For example, “fácil” becomes “facilísimo“, losing its original accent mark.
por ejemplo:
El coche es carísimo.
The car is extremely expensive.
puedes dar un ejemplo?
There are several adjectives in Spanish that have a shortened form. These shortened forms are called “apócopes”. We use them in sentences where certain conditions are met.
grande - gran - big
bueno - buen good
malo - mal bad
uno - un one
alguno -algún - some
any - ninguno-ningún non
Puedes dar algun ejemplo?
We use the Present Perfect to talk about past actions.
But… there are several tenses in Spanish to talk about past actions!
So, when exactly do we use the Present Perfect?
We use it if one of the the following things is true:
1. The sentence mentions a time frame that reaches the present.
2. The sentence doesn’t mention any time frame, but the action is recent.
KEYWORDS WITH THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
Читать полностью…
The formula to form the Present Progressive consists of 2 words:
First, the verb estar in Present Tense: estoy, estás, está, estamos, estáis, están.
Second, the Gerundio of the verb expressing the action. The Gerundio is the same for all persons.
LOS ARTICULOS DETERMINADOS
La casa de estela es hermosa!
EL USO DE "PARA"
La escuela es para estudiar
PREPOSICION POR
Puedes dar un ejemplo?
Hace mucho tiempo no viajo a otro pais
puedes dar un ejemplo?
volver in spanish language pt.2
IN PAST AND FUTURE TENSES
Of course, we can also conjugate volver in past and future tenses, in order to express that something “happened again” or “will happen again”:
1. Elena volvió a viajar a Ecuador.
Elena traveled to Ecuador again. (Preterite Tense)
2. Hoy he vuelto a comprar el periódico.
Today I bought the newspaper again. (Present Perfect)
Puedes dar un ejemplo?
[volver a + infinitive] in Spanish to express repetition
We use it to express the repetition of an action, communicating that something happens again.
This formula to express repetition consists of 3 words:
1. The verb volver, conjugated in any tense we need
2. The preposition a
3. The Infinitive of the verb expressing the repeated action
Laura y yo volvemos a estar juntos.
Laura and I are back together.
Puedes compartir un ejemplo?
OTHER USEFUL KEYWORDS: “YA”, “AÚN NO”, “TODAVÍA NO”
Sometimes we find the words ya, aún no and todavía no near the Present Perfect.
Their meanings are:
ya = already
aún no = not yet
todavía no = not yet (same meaning as “aún no”)
1. Antonio ya ha estudiado la lección
Antonio has already studied the lesson.
2. Nosotros aún no hemos preparado el desayuno.
We have not prepared breakfast yet.
Some verbs have an irregular Past Participle. The most important irregular ones are:
hacer → hecho
decir → dicho
ver → visto
escribir → escrito
romper → roto
poner → puesto
volver → vuelto
resolver → resuelto
satisfacer → satisfecho
descubrir → descubierto
morir → muerto
Spanish Superlatives with “más” and “menos”
For “the most ___”
el / la / los / las + “más” + adjective
For “the least ___”
el / la / los / las + “menos” + adjective
1.Este coche es el más moderno.
This car is the most modern.
2. Laura es la menos inteligente de nuestra clase.
Laura is the least intelligent in our class.
Somos los menos altos de nuestro grupo.
Puedes dar un ejemplo con estas estructuras?
“SEGUIR” MEANING “TO FOLLOW…”
seguir can also mean to follow:
1. Yo sigo las reglas.
I follow the rules.
2. Ellos siguen mis pasos.
They follow my steps.
When the thing that’s being followed is a person or a moving object, we need the preposition a after seguir.
Sigue a ese coche, por favor.
Follow that car, please.
Nosotros seguimos al líder.
We follow the leader.
Puedes dar un ejemplo con esta estructura?
“SEGUIR” WITHOUT ANY OTHER VERB
Sometimes we use seguir by itself, without any other verb:
1.¿Sigo con esto?
Do I continue with this?
2. Sigue, por favor.
Continue, please. (Affirmative command).
3. Tenemos que seguir así.
We have to go on like this.
The verb “seguir” in Spanish
seguir has two basic meanings:
In some sentences, it means to continue, to go on, to keep doing something…
“SEGUIR” + GERUNDIO
To express that something continues to happen, is still happening… we conjugate seguir in whatever tense we need, followed by another verb in Gerundio form:
1. Mi tía sigue fumando.
My aunt keeps smoking.
To express that something continues NOT to happen, is still NOT happening, we conjugate seguir in whatever tense we need, followed by sin, and then another verb in the Infinitive:
2. Yo sigo sin saber la dirección.
I still don’t know the address.
PRETERITE
The following verbs are irregular in the preterite and must be memorized, Verbs that end in -ucir are irregular and conjugated as follows:
producir
produje
produjiste
produjo
produjimos
produjisteis
produjeron
-The preterite is used for actions that can be viewed as single events.
-The preterite is used for actions that were repeated a specific number of times.
-The preterite is used for actions that occurred during a specific period of time.
-The preterite is used for actions that were part of a chain of events.
-The preterite is used to state the beginning or the end of an action.
Could you give an example?
In order to preserve the sound of the infinitive, a number of verbs change orthographically (spelling) in the preterite tense. The following changes occur in the “yo” form only:
Verbs that end in -gar change g to gu
Verbs that end in -car change c to qu
Verbs that end in -zar change z to c
Here are three examples:
yo jugué (jugar)
yo busqué (buscar)
yo almorcé (almorzar)
PRETERITE
To conjugate regular -ar verbs in the preterite, simply drop the ending (-ar) and add one of the following:
yo- é
tu -aste
el -ó
nosotros -amos
vosotros -asteis
ellos -aron
The preterite is used for actions that were repeated a specific number of times, or occurred during a specific period of time.
-Ayer escribí tres cartas.
Yesterday I wrote three letters.
The preterite is used to state the beginning or the end of an action.
-Empezó a nevar a las ocho de la mañana.
It began to snow at eight in the morning.
FORMATION OF ADVERBS
Adverbs are words that describe, or modify, verbs, adjectives or other adverbs.
He ran quickly.
(“quickly” describes how he “ran”)
She spoke more slowly than he.
(“slowly” describes how she “spoke”)
(“more” modifies “slowly”)
When two adverbs modify the same verb, only the second one uses the -mente ending. Note that the first adverb is the same as the feminine singular form of the adjective.
Juan trabaja lenta y cuidadosamente.
Juan works slowly and carefully.
El chico le habló clara y cortésmente.
The boy spoke to him clearly and courteously.
Spanish Exclamations for Every Situation
¡Buena suerte! Good luck!
¡Cállate! Shut up!
¡Caramba! Damn! / Damn it! / Wow!
¡Caray! Darn! / Wow!
¡Chale! Jeez!
¡Che! Dude! / Man! (Used primarily in Argentina)
Tu sabes alguna?
Spanish Exclamations for Every Situation
¡Hala! Wow! / Go!
¡Híjole(s) !Jeez! / Goodness!
¡Hombre!/¡Mujer! Man! / Woman!
¡Hostia! Damn! / Damn it! / Oh, wow!
¡Joder! Damn! / Damn it!
¡Madre mía! My goodness!
¡Menos mal! Luckily! / Whew!
¡Ojalá! May it be so! / I hope so!
¡Ojo! Watch out! / Be careful!
¡Olé! Hurrah!
Sabes alguna?