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We use the Present Perfect to talk about past actions.
But… there are several tenses in Spanish to talk about past actions!
So, when exactly do we use the Present Perfect?
We use it if one of the the following things is true:
1. The sentence mentions a time frame that reaches the present.
2. The sentence doesn’t mention any time frame, but the action is recent.
KEYWORDS WITH THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
Читать полностью…
The formula to form the Present Progressive consists of 2 words:
First, the verb estar in Present Tense: estoy, estás, está, estamos, estáis, están.
Second, the Gerundio of the verb expressing the action. The Gerundio is the same for all persons.
LOS ARTICULOS DETERMINADOS
La casa de estela es hermosa!
EL USO DE "PARA"
La escuela es para estudiar
PREPOSICION POR
Puedes dar un ejemplo?
Hace mucho tiempo no viajo a otro pais
puedes dar un ejemplo?
SABER VS CONOCER
Yo se nadar y tu que sabes hacer?
Yo conozco un lugar hermoso en Colombia y tu?
Ahora mismo estoy estudiando Frances y tu que estas haciendo?
Читать полностью…
Acabo de terminar de leer mi primer libro de economía y tu que acabas de hacer?
Читать полностью…
Cual oración esta correcta?
1. ¿El libro es de el profesor?
2. ¿El libro es del profesor?
Could you give an adjective?
1. Los lapices son ____
2. La falda es ______
3. El coche ______
“SEGUIR” MEANING “TO FOLLOW…”
seguir can also mean to follow:
1. Yo sigo las reglas.
I follow the rules.
2. Ellos siguen mis pasos.
They follow my steps.
When the thing that’s being followed is a person or a moving object, we need the preposition a after seguir.
Sigue a ese coche, por favor.
Follow that car, please.
Nosotros seguimos al líder.
We follow the leader.
Puedes dar un ejemplo con esta estructura?
“SEGUIR” WITHOUT ANY OTHER VERB
Sometimes we use seguir by itself, without any other verb:
1.¿Sigo con esto?
Do I continue with this?
2. Sigue, por favor.
Continue, please. (Affirmative command).
3. Tenemos que seguir así.
We have to go on like this.
The verb “seguir” in Spanish
seguir has two basic meanings:
In some sentences, it means to continue, to go on, to keep doing something…
“SEGUIR” + GERUNDIO
To express that something continues to happen, is still happening… we conjugate seguir in whatever tense we need, followed by another verb in Gerundio form:
1. Mi tía sigue fumando.
My aunt keeps smoking.
To express that something continues NOT to happen, is still NOT happening, we conjugate seguir in whatever tense we need, followed by sin, and then another verb in the Infinitive:
2. Yo sigo sin saber la dirección.
I still don’t know the address.
PRETERITE
The following verbs are irregular in the preterite and must be memorized, Verbs that end in -ucir are irregular and conjugated as follows:
producir
produje
produjiste
produjo
produjimos
produjisteis
produjeron
-The preterite is used for actions that can be viewed as single events.
-The preterite is used for actions that were repeated a specific number of times.
-The preterite is used for actions that occurred during a specific period of time.
-The preterite is used for actions that were part of a chain of events.
-The preterite is used to state the beginning or the end of an action.
Could you give an example?
In order to preserve the sound of the infinitive, a number of verbs change orthographically (spelling) in the preterite tense. The following changes occur in the “yo” form only:
Verbs that end in -gar change g to gu
Verbs that end in -car change c to qu
Verbs that end in -zar change z to c
Here are three examples:
yo jugué (jugar)
yo busqué (buscar)
yo almorcé (almorzar)
PRETERITE
To conjugate regular -ar verbs in the preterite, simply drop the ending (-ar) and add one of the following:
yo- é
tu -aste
el -ó
nosotros -amos
vosotros -asteis
ellos -aron
The preterite is used for actions that were repeated a specific number of times, or occurred during a specific period of time.
-Ayer escribí tres cartas.
Yesterday I wrote three letters.
The preterite is used to state the beginning or the end of an action.
-Empezó a nevar a las ocho de la mañana.
It began to snow at eight in the morning.
FORMATION OF ADVERBS
Adverbs are words that describe, or modify, verbs, adjectives or other adverbs.
He ran quickly.
(“quickly” describes how he “ran”)
She spoke more slowly than he.
(“slowly” describes how she “spoke”)
(“more” modifies “slowly”)
When two adverbs modify the same verb, only the second one uses the -mente ending. Note that the first adverb is the same as the feminine singular form of the adjective.
Juan trabaja lenta y cuidadosamente.
Juan works slowly and carefully.
El chico le habló clara y cortésmente.
The boy spoke to him clearly and courteously.
Spanish Exclamations for Every Situation
¡Buena suerte! Good luck!
¡Cállate! Shut up!
¡Caramba! Damn! / Damn it! / Wow!
¡Caray! Darn! / Wow!
¡Chale! Jeez!
¡Che! Dude! / Man! (Used primarily in Argentina)
Tu sabes alguna?
Spanish Exclamations for Every Situation
¡Hala! Wow! / Go!
¡Híjole(s) !Jeez! / Goodness!
¡Hombre!/¡Mujer! Man! / Woman!
¡Hostia! Damn! / Damn it! / Oh, wow!
¡Joder! Damn! / Damn it!
¡Madre mía! My goodness!
¡Menos mal! Luckily! / Whew!
¡Ojalá! May it be so! / I hope so!
¡Ojo! Watch out! / Be careful!
¡Olé! Hurrah!
Sabes alguna?
Spanish Exclamations for Every Situation
Spanish interjections and exclamations are most prevalent in conversation. You might encounter them in writing as well, but as we said above, they tend to be spur of the moment expressions for lively conversations.
There’s a slight difference between an “interjection” and an “exclamation,” but it won’t affect the way you use them. As their name suggests, interjections get inserted into what we’re saying. They are either single sounds used to express an emotion (ouch!) or brief phrases used as exclamations (oh my!).
¡Aguas! Watch out! (Used primarily in Mexico)
¡Ajá!¡ Uh-huh! / ¡Aha!
¡Anda! Wow! / Come on!
¡Ándale! Come on! / Right!
¡Ay! Ouch! Oh!¡
Bravo! Well done!
¡Buen provecho! Bon appetit!
Spanish Exclamations for Every Situation
¡Sale! Okay! / Sure! (Used primarily in Mexico)
¡Santo remedio! Bingo! / Voilà!
¡Uf! Ugh!
¡Uy! Wow! / Ouch! / Oh! / Ow!
¡Vale! Okay! / Sure! (Sp.)
¡Válgame Dios! Oh my God! / Oh my goodness! / Good God!
¡Vaya! Wow! / Damn! / Well!
¡Venga! Come on!
¡Ya está! That’s it!
Conoces alguna?
Por vs. Para
What do por and para mean in Spanish?
Many resources will tell you simply that both por and para both mean “for,” which is sometimes true, but the meanings depend on the context of the sentence. You will never hear a native Spanish speaker use them interchangeably, as they follow distinct patterns of usage. That’s why it can be helpful to focus on comparing and contrasting the ways they are used in real life contexts.
por can mean:
Because of
By way of
Through
Per
Instead of
On someone’s behalf
During
To
In the
By contrast, para can mean:
For
In order to
By (a deadline)
According to
Toward
¿Cuál?
¿Cuál? means “which.” It is also used in many cases to express “what?” Unfortunately ¿qué? (what) and ¿cuál? are not always interchangeable. You’ll use this expression frequently to offer choices, or to distinguish between options! Here are several common questions you can use to decide between options.
1. ¿Cuál? Which? What?
2. ¿Cuáles? Which ones?
3. ¿Cuál es tu nombre? What is your name?
4. ¿Cuál es tu numero? What is your number?
5. ¿Cuál prefieres? Which one do you prefer?
¿Quién?
¿Quién? means “who.” You will also see the plural ¿Quiénes? when you’re asking about more than one person. When learning new names or surveying a crowd, find out who the characters are!
1. ¿Quién? Who? (the answer is one person)
2. ¿Quiénes? Who? (the answer is more than one person)
3. ¿Quién es el presidente de Chile? Who is the President of Chile?
4. ¿Quién hizo el pastel? Who made the cake?
5. ¿Quiénes son tus primos? Who are your cousins?