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What are the official languages of Peru?
On the national level, Peru has three official languages: Spanish, Quechua, and Aymara. About 84 percent of people living in Peru speak Spanish, and around 26 percent speak an indigenous language, with a greater concentration in the southeast part of the country. Both Quechua and Aymara are indigenous languages, making Peru a very unique outlier. It’s quite rare for any country to name an indigenous language as an official one!
To take their stance on preservation a step further, Peru instituted protection over all indigenous languages in 1972.
States give special recognition to regional indigenous languages, and all people are guaranteed the right to a bilingual education, as well as interpreters when dealing with authorities. Their public school system even offers materials in at least 24 indigenous languages!
COMMON VERBS IN SPANISH
Dar
Dar is an easy one to remember, as it means “to give.” For example:
Dan dinero a la caridad. (“They give money to charity.”)
CONJUGACION:
Yo doy
tu das
el/ella/usted da
nosotros damos
ellos dan
vosotros dais
COMMON VERBS IN SPANISH
Parecer
When you want to say that something seems like something else, you use the verb parecer. It is often used to express the idea of feeling or thinking that something is a certain way. For example:
Pareces cansado hoy. (“You seem tired today.”)
CURRENCY IN PARAGUAY:
The Paraguay guarani (PYG) is the national currency of the Republic of Paraguay. The guarani is abbreviated as PYG in the foreign exchange (forex) market and is represented by the symbol ₲.
Banknotes in circulation range in value from ₲1,000 to ₲100,000 while coins are minted from ₲50 to ₲1,000. One guarani is divided into 100 céntimos, which are no longer in use. The guarani, which isn't pegged to any other currency, has suffered from severe inflation over its lifetime.
CURRENCY IN URUGUAY:
The official currency of Uruguay is the Uruguayan peso, also known by its currency code, “UYU,” or by the symbol “$” or “$U.” The Uruguayan peso is issued by the Central Bank of Uruguay.
The UYU is the fourth peso currency the country has seen. In the 1830s, Uruguay used a currency called “peso fuerte,” which means “strong peso.” In the early 1900s, Uruguay introduced a new peso that was based on the gold standard. This led to a stable period for the currency until World War I.
Current Venezuelan bolivar coins and banknotes
Currently, there are coins of 1, 5, 10, 12.5, 25 and 50 cents and 1 bolivar in circulation. Coins are circular and in the obverse, the denomination is shown, as well as the 8 stars of the Venezuelan flag and the waves, representing the bands of the national flag.
In the reverse, the national coat of arms in shown and the name of the minting country, except for the coin of 1 bolivar, which bears the portrait of Simón Bolívar in the obverse and the denomination, the coat of arms and the inscription “Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela” in the reverse side.
The Argentine Peso ARS
The Argentine Peso is the official currency of the Argentine Republic, which is the largest (by area) Spanish-speaking country in the world. The peso, which is divided into 100 centavos, is designated simply with an ordinary dollar sign.
In September 2020, the Argentine peso’s foreign exchange value fell by an additional 10% right after Argentina’s central bank announced its intention to further restrict the movement of the peso.
The central bank’s attempts to prop up the Argentine peso over the past couple of decades are largely a record of one failure after another.
CURRENCY IN ECUADOR: DOLLAR
By the end of the 20th century, Ecuador was experiencing significant economic instability. Bursts of inflation were causing prices to skyrocket and the sucre became worth less and less. In 2000, Ecuador decided to replace its own currency with U.S. dollars.
The switch made use of Ecuador’s trade surplus; by selling more oil and other products for U.S. dollars, it could bring more money into circulation. Ecuadorians had a limited time to exchange their sucre for dollars at a fixed rate.
The chilean currency
CLP is the currency code for the peso, the official currency of Chile. Its symbol is $, and its sub-units are centavo (¢). However, officials eliminated the subdivision of the Chilean peso in 1984 because of its low value. The Banco Central de Chile issues the currency, which is minted by the Casa de Moneda.
Coin denominations: 10-, 50-, 100-, 500- pesos. 1- and 5-peso coins are still legal tender but production has discontinued.
Banknote denominations: 1,000, 2,000-, 5,000-, 10,000-, and 20,000-peso notes are common. 500-peso notes have discontinued production, but remain legal tender.
CURRENCY IN SPAIN
The Euro (€). You can consult its official value on the European Central Bank website.
One Euro is made up of 100 cents, and there are eight different coins (1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 cents, and 1 and 2 Euros), and seven notes (5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 500 Euros).
Mexican Peso Currency
The Mexican peso (MXN) is the official currency of Mexico. It is subdivided into 100 centavos. The currency was initially based on Spain’s official currency, called ‘real’, which was the Spanish dollar. The Mexican peso’s name originated from the silver 8-real coins issued by Spain in Mexico.
SOLES: PERUVIAN CURRENCY
The sol (S/) is the official currency of Peru. There are bills with denominations of 10, 20, 50, 100, and 200 soles. There are also coins of 10, 20, and 50 cents, as well as 1, 2, and 5 soles.
Colombian Currency
Colombia’s official currency is the peso, which is abbreviated as COP. Prices in Colombia are marked with a dollar sign, but remember that you’re seeing the price in Colombian pesos. COP$1,000,000 isn’t enough to buy a house in Colombia, but it will usually cover a few nights in a nice hotel!
Bills in Colombia are in denominations of $1,000, $2,000, $5,000, $10,000, $20,000, $50,000, and $100,000. Coins in Colombia got a makeover in 2016, so you may see two different versions of the same coin amount. Coins in Colombia are in denominations of $50, $100, $200, $500, and $1,000. The equivalent of cents is centavos in Colombian Spanish.
SPANISH TYPICAL FOOD:
Paella is probably Spain's most well-known food. This delectable, saffron-flavoured rice dish originated in Valencia hundreds of years ago when hungry servants would combine rice with leftovers from Moorish kings' lavish banquets. There are different takes on the dish throughout Spain, but the mixed version with chorizo, mussels and prawns is the most popular internationally. But, if we had to recommend just one type, it’s got to be the original Valencian version with rabbit, chicken and butter beans.
Que comida te gustaría probar en España?
Don’t leave Mexico without trying…
1. Chilaquiles
This popular traditional breakfast dish features lightly fried corn tortillas cut into quarters and topped with green or red salsa (the red is slightly spicier). Scrambled or fried eggs and pulled chicken are usually added on top, as well as cheese and cream. Chilaquiles are often served with a healthy dose of frijoles (refried beans).
Deberes de la casa: Ayudar a mantener la casa limpia es vital e importante para vivir en un ambiente armonioso.
Cual es la tarea de la casa mas difícil para ti?
VOCABULARIO ACERCA DE LA FAMILIA:
Parte 3
VOCABULARIO ACERCA DE LA FAMILIA:
Parte 2
VOCABULARIO ACERCA DE LA FAMILIA:
Parte 1
SUPERSTICIONES LATINOAMERICANAS
Walk in a circle with your luggage.
In some Latin American countries, it is believed if you walk around in a circle with your equipaje (luggage), you will be given opportunities to travel the world in the coming weeks. The walk can be around the block or even just around your house, and the suitcase doesn’t even have to be packed, so grab your luggage and get moving.
SUPERSTICIONES LATINOAMERICANAS
Keep a broom near the door to keep away unwanted guests. Keeping an escoba (broom) or an upside-down broom near the doorway is supposed to sweep away any evil presence near your threshold.
SUPERSTICIONES LATINOAMERICANAS
Don’t cut your baby’s hair before he or she turns a year old. Many Latina mothers are taught by their mothers they should never cut their children’s cabello (hair) before their first birthdays. There are many superstitions about what will happen if you do, but no matter what the belief, the outcome is always undesirable. The consequences range from the hair never growing back, to delaying their ability to walk or talk.
SUPERSTICIONES LATINOAMERICANAS
Ward off evil with water.
In many cultures, agua (water) symbolizes new life, cleanliness and purity. In Latin American countries, keeping a cup of water by the entrance of a home is supposed to absorb evil presences, and throwing a pot of water out the window is supposed to signify renewal.
SUPERSTICIONES LATINOAMERICANAS
Never place your purse on the floor.
It is believed that placing your bolsa (purse) on the floor (or even below waist height in some cultures) will bring bad luck and potentially cause you to lose all of your money. It may seem doubtful, but it’s not a risk that many people are willing to take
SUPERSTICIONES LATINOAMERICANAS
Eat 12 grapes on New Year’s Eve.
This tradition doubles as a superstition because many Spaniards and Latin Americans believe eating 12 uvas (grapes) as the clock strikes midnight on New Year’s Eve will bring good fortune and luck in the coming year. Each grape symbolizes a month of the year and should be eaten one by one on each of the 12 chimes at midnight. This superstition began in Spain but is now celebrated in many Latin American countries, including Cuba and parts of Mexico.
TRADICIONES LATINOAMERICAS:
Fiesta de Quinceañera One of the most well-known and beloved Latin American celebrations is the “Fiesta de Quinceanera” or a Sweet 15. It’s a symbolic rite of passage recognizing when a young girl becomes a woman or Latina. The elaborate event is much more than an ordinary birthday party. It’s chock full of traditions, including choreographed dances, exchanges of meaningful gifts, a religious ceremony and most importantly – the dress. The bright, bold and super-sized ball gown is one of the highlights of the event and is thoughtfully considered to accurately reflect the birthday girl’s personality and character.
Tradiciones latinoamericanas
Feria de las flores: Every August Colombia celebrates its annual flower festival in the city of Medellín. Local farmers and flower growers create intricate parade floats and installations made from fresh flowers, filling the city with sweet smells and color during the Desfile de Silleteros (Flower Grower’s Parade). However, the weeklong festival is about more than just the flowers and includes musical performances and sporting and cultural events. The very first flower festival was held in 1957 and was for Colombian locals only. Since then the festival has grown and attracts tourists from all around the world to come and appreciate the budding beauty of Colombia annually.
Tradiciones latinoamericanas
Día de los muertos: The “Day of the Dead” is a traditional Mexican holiday but is celebrated in various forms across a multitude of Latin American countries. It commemorates the lives of those who have died and aims to honor their memories and lasting presence. Despite the seemingly sorrowful subject, it’s a colorful occasion overflowing with life that spills out into the streets of local communities. Día de Muertos takes place November 1-2 and includes parades, singing, dancing, costuming and respectful graveside ceremonies. Participants paint their faces to resemble Mexican artist José Guadalupe Posada’s famous skull etching “La Calavera Catrina.” It’s become the Day of the Dead’s most universally recognized symbol.
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