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Shivani jerngal AIR 30 CSE 2021
Modern History, Ancient India
Medieval India, Geography
POLITY
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Important trenches in the oceans:
1. Mariana Trench:
- Location: Western Pacific Ocean
- Deepest Point: Challenger Deep, approximately 10,994 meters (36,070 feet) deep.
2. Puerto Rico Trench:
- Location: North Atlantic Ocean
- Deepest Point: Milwaukee Deep, approximately 8,376 meters (27,480 feet) deep.
3. Sunda Trench:
- Location: Indian Ocean
- Deepest Point: Java Trench, approximately 7,450 meters (24,442 feet) deep.
4. Tonga Trench:
- Location: South Pacific Ocean
- Deepest Point: Horizon Deep, approximately 10,882 meters (35,702 feet) deep.
5. Philippine Trench:
- Location: Western Pacific Ocean
- Deepest Point: Philippine Deep, approximately 10,540 meters (34,580 feet) deep.
6. Japan Trench:
- Location: Northwestern Pacific Ocean
- Deepest Point: Japan Trench's Challenger Deep, approximately 10,554 meters (34,600 feet) deep.
7. Peru-Chile Trench:
- Location: Off the western coast of South America
- Deepest Point: Puerto Rico Deep, approximately 8,065 meters (26,460 feet) deep.
These trenches are notable for their extreme depths and serve as crucial features in the Earth's geology and oceanography.
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Right to Education
1. Objective: The Right to Education (RTE) is a fundamental right that ensures free and compulsory education for children aged 6 to 14 years in India.
2. Constitutional Provision: Enshrined in Article 21A of the Indian Constitution, which was inserted through the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act in 2002.
3. Compulsory Education: RTE mandates that the government must provide free and compulsory education to all children in the specified age group.
4. Private School Inclusion: The Act also mandates that private unaided schools reserve a certain percentage of seats for economically disadvantaged and socially weaker sections.
5. Infrastructure and Quality: RTE emphasizes the need for adequate infrastructure, qualified teachers, and a focus on improving the overall quality of education.
6. Prohibition of Capitation Fee: The Act prohibits the collection of any capitation fee and screening procedures during admissions to ensure inclusivity.
7. Implementation Challenges: While RTE is a landmark initiative, its implementation faces challenges like inadequate infrastructure, teacher shortages, and the need for improved quality standards.
8. Monitoring Mechanism: The National Commission for the Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) and State Commissions for Protection of Child Rights (SCPCR) monitor and oversee the implementation of RTE at the national and state levels.
*Q. During the Maurya Empire, which ancient Indian ruler is credited with the establishment of the first centralized political authority and a sophisticated administrative system? Additionally, name the treatise traditionally attributed to him.*
*A. Chandragupta Maurya, Arthashastra ❤️*
*B. Ashoka the Great, Manusmriti 😊*
*C. Bindusara, Natya Shastra 🙏*
*D. Chanakya, Kamasutra 👍*
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Battle of Plassey
1. Year: 1757
2. Location: Plassey, Bengal
3. Parties Involved:
- British East India Company led by Robert Clive
- Nawab of Bengal, Siraj-ud-daulah
4. Key Events:
- Conspiracy between the British and Mir Jafar, a discontented noble in Siraj-ud-daulah's court.
- British forces, though outnumbered, secured support from Mir Jafar and other conspirators.
- The battle took place on June 23, 1757, with Robert Clive leading the British forces.
- Mir Jafar's betrayal during the battle resulted in a decisive victory for the British.
5. Outcome:
- Siraj-ud-daulah was defeated, leading to the establishment of British supremacy in Bengal.
- Mir Jafar was installed as the puppet Nawab, marking the beginning of British influence in Indian politics.
6. Significance:
- The Battle of Plassey played a crucial role in the expansion of British rule in India.
- It marked the decline of the Mughal influence in Bengal and the ascendancy of the British East India Company.
- The battle's aftermath laid the foundation for British colonial dominance in the Indian subcontinent.
*Q. Who was the British East India Company's commander during the Battle of Plassey?*
*A. Siraj-ud-daulah ❤️*
*B. Mir Jafar 😊*
*C. Robert Clive 🙏*
*D. Warren Hastings 👍*
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Dr. Akshita Gupta UPSC AIR - 69, 2020. Ethics part 1
Topper's Answer Booklet
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*Q. Which schedule of the Indian Constitution contains provisions for the allocation of seats in the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) to each state and union territory? Additionally, what is the total number of seats in the Rajya Sabha?*
*A. Schedule 2, Total seats: 250 😊*
*B. Schedule 4, Total seats: 245 🙏*
*C. Schedule 3, Total seats: 260 👍*
*D. Schedule 5, Total seats: Rajya Sabha seats are not specified in the Constitution ❤️*
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*Q. Which article of the Indian Constitution is related to the Right to Education (RTE), ensuring free and compulsory education for children between the ages of 6 and 14 years? Additionally, when was this article inserted into the Constitution?*
*A. Article 21A, inserted in 2002 😊*
*B. Article 45, inserted in 1976 🙏*
*C. Article 15, inserted in 1986 👍*
*D. Article 51A, inserted in 1992 ❤️*
*Q. Identify the archaeological site in India that served as a major maritime center during the ancient period, connecting trade routes across the Indian Ocean. Additionally, name one significant artifact discovered at this site.*
*A. Lothal, with the discovery of a dockyard 😊*
*B. Dholavira, featuring the inscription of the ten large signs 🙏*
*C. Sanchi Stupa, housing relics of Buddha 👍*
*D. Kalibangan, revealing a unique ploughed field pattern ❤️*
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*Q. Which committee of the Constituent Assembly prepared the draft of the Indian Constitution?*
*A. Drafting Committee ❤️*
*B. Constitution Committee 😊*
*C. Support Committee 🙏*
*D. Amendment Committee 👍*
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Mehak Jain AIR17 , 2021
Essay
Dr. Akshita Gupta UPSC AIR - 69, 2020, 2020 Ethics part 2
Topper's Answer Booklet
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