🌺Amendment of the Constitution - By Special Majority of the Parliament and Consent of half of the states - in 7 ways
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🔆The Speaker vacates his office before the 1st meeting of the new loksabha.
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Whether the Constitution has provided pension to the MPs ?
👉No. Pension to the MPs has been provided by the "Act of Parliament".
The President of India vested with - 3 vetos.
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🌸"Increase in age of Chairman and members of SPSC" - "from 60 to 62 years" - by "41st Amendment Act 1976".
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🔆'Sikkim' become Full fledged state by 36th Amendment Act 1975.
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🌼Subordinate Courts - Article 233 to 237 - Part VI of the Constitution.
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🍀Ultra-vires, that is, against the provisions of the Constitution.
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🔆"Articles 214 to 231 in Part VI" of the Constitution deal with the organisation, independence, jurisdiction, powers, procedures and so on of the HIGH COURTS.
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🌺Though the Swaran Singh Committee suggested the incorporation of 8 Fundamental Duties in the Constitution, the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act (1976) included 10 Fundamental Duties.
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🌸Financial bills are those bills that deal with fiscal matters, that is, revenue or expenditure.
🌸However, the Constitution uses the term ‘financial bill’ in a technical sense.
🌸Financial bills are of 3 kinds:
1. Money bills—Article 110
2. Financial bills (I)—Article 117 (1)
3. Financial bills (II)—Article 117 (3)
🌼Public bill - Its introduction in the House requires 7 days’ notice.
🌼Private bill - Its introduction in the House requires 1 month’s notice.
🔰Adjournment Sine Die🔰
◾Adjournment sine die means terminating a sitting of Parliament "for an indefinite period". In other words, when the House is adjourned "without naming a day for reassembly", it is called adjournment sine die.
◾The power of adjournment as well as adjournment sine die lies with "the presiding officer of the House." He can also call a sitting of the House before the date or time to which it has been adjourned or at any time after the House has been adjourned sine die.
📝The leader of Opposition in the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha were accorded statutory recognition in 1977.
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Right to amend the Constitution is denied to the people of which country?
👉Canada.
🌺Constitution Advisor to the Constituent Assembly - Sir B N Rau.
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"Disqualification of the MPs, MLAs on the ground of defection" - under the "10th Schedule" - decided by " the Speaker of LS/Chairman of RS/Speaker of the State Legislative Assembly/Chairman of the State Legislative Council."
👉Not by the President/Governor.
🌺Conduct of business of the Govt of India - Article 77.
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☘Strength of Finance Commission : (1 Chairman + 4 members)
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🍀Provision of "Acting Chairman of UPSC" added by 15th Amendment Act 1963.
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☘Special provision to the state of Arunachal Pradesh - Article 371H.
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🌻There should be a "Tribal Welfare Minister" in the states of Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha appointed
by the Governor of the respective states.
🌻"The state of Bihar" was "excluded" from this provision by the 94th Amendment Act of 2006.
☀"Articles 168 to 212 in Part VI" of the Constitution deal with the organisation, composition, duration, officers, procedures, privileges, powers and so on of the STATE LEGISLATURE.
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🔰A Special Provisions for Some States🔰
🌸Articles 371 to 371-J in Part XXI of the constitution contain special provisions for 12 states viz., Maharashtra, Gujarat, Nagaland, Assam, Manipur, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Sikkim, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Goa and Karnataka.
371. Maharashtra and Gujarat.
371A. Nagaland
371B. Assam
371C. Manipur
371D. Andhra Pradesh or Telangana
371E. Establishment of Central University in Andhra Pradesh
371F. Sikkim
371G. Mizoram
371H. Arunachal Pradesh
371-I. Goa
371J. Karnataka
☘A person cannot be a member of both Houses of Parliament at the same time.
🌻Thus, the Representation of People Act (1951) provides for the following:
(a) If a person is elected to "both the Houses of Parliament", he must intimate "within 10 days" in which House he desires to serve. In default of such intimation, "his seat in the Rajya Sabha becomes vacant".
(b) If "a sitting member of one House" is also elected to the other House, his "seat in the first House becomes vacant".
(c) If a person is elected to "two seats in a House", he should exercise his option for one. Otherwise, "both seats become vacant."
(d) A person cannot be a member of both the Parliament and the state legislature at the same time. If a person is so elected, his seat in Parliament becomes vacant "if he does not resign his seat in the state legislature within 14 days."
🔆The Constitution refers to the budget as the ‘annual financial statement’.
🔆In other words, the term ‘budget’ has nowhere been used in the Constitution. It is the popular name for the ‘annual financial statement’ that has been dealt with in Article 112 of the Constitution.
🔰Prorogation🔰
🌸The presiding officer (Speaker/Chairman) declares the House "adjourned sine die" , when the business of a session is completed.
🌸Within the next few days, "the President" issues a notification for prorogation of the session.
However, the President can also prorogue the House while in session.
🔰Adjournment🔰
🌼A session of Parliament consists of many meetings.
🌼Each meeting of a day consists of two sittings, that is, a morning sitting from 11 am to 1 pm and post-lunch sitting from 2 pm to 6 pm.
🌼A sitting of Parliament can be
terminated by adjournment or adjournment sine die or prorogation or dissolution (in the case of the Lok Sabha).
🌼An adjournment suspends the
work in a sitting for a specified time, which may be hours, days or weeks.
🍀The Speaker of Lok Sabha has 'two' special powers which are 'not' enjoyed by the Chairman of Rajya Sabha:
1. The Speaker decides whether a bill is a money bill or not and his decision on this question is final.
2. The Speaker presides over a joint sitting of two Houses of Parliament.
